Mastitis
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Outline
Overview
- Bacterial infection associated with breastfeeding
Nursing Points
General
- Most commonly occurs in breastfeeding mothers
- Can occur at any time during lactation
- Most commonly occurs 2-3 weeks after delivery
Assessment
- Flu-like symptoms
- Aches
- Chills
- Febrile
- Pain, tenderness
- Localized edema, redness
Therapeutic Management
- Continue to promote lactation despite mastitis – it is safe
- Either manually express or utilize a breast pump at least q4hr
- Administer pain meds and antibiotics if indicated
- Support breasts with bra without underwire, which can irritate the already inflamed breast and potentially clog ducts
Nursing Concepts
- Infection Control
- Comfort
- Nutrition
Patient Education
- Take antibiotics as prescribed
- Continue to breastfeed
- Use warm compresses
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Transcript
In this lesson I will explain mastitis and how you will provide care for this patient.
Ok let’s get a few basics on mastitis out of the way. So mastitis is a bacterial infection that most commonly occurs in breastfeeding mothers. It can occur anytime but most commonly a few weeks after delivery.
So what is our patient going to look like. She will have flu-like symptoms so aches,chills, febrile. There will be pain, tenderness, localized edema, and redness at the site. This is really occurring because there is a blocked milk duct that then milk gets stuck in and grows bacteria. So that is why you get a tender area and redness. It will be localized at that site. We never see our patients get mastitis because it happens after they are home but I had it with both of mine and it just comes on so suddenly. I remember feeling a little achy and so tired and couldn’t really figure out what was wrong because my throat didn’t hurt, no stuffiness or anything and then suddenly had a temperature of 102. I had the super tender red spot so all the classic symptoms. So off I went to get an antibiotic. This image here is a very severe case where an abscess has formed at the nipple. So usually you will have a reddened area on the breast where the infection is starting. If left untreated or just a severe case an abscess can form at that spot that needs to be drained. Ok let’s look at our therapeutic management.
How are we going to treat this patient? She must continue to breastfeed or pump. Breastfeeding is best because it is natural so it will empty breasts the best, but she needs to keep milk moving so whatever her choice is. It is safe to still feed, however if an abscess forms it is sometimes contraindicated by physicians. The abscess needs to be drained so they might advise the mother to not feed while it heals. She will still need to hand express milk from that side if she wishes to continue to breastfeed after it has healed. The milk might taste different to the baby from that side because of the pus that can be present. She can absolutely still continue to feed on the unaffected side like normal if she chooses.Warm compresses can help with comfort and with milk flow as well. She will be given antibiotics that she must take and finish. Pain medications as well like ibuprofen can help.with the pain and discomfort. So make sure she is educated on all of this as well.
Ok so what have we learned? Mastitis is a bacterial infection in the breast that comes on suddenly with flu like symptoms. So aches, chills, high temperature. There will be a red tender spot at the breast usually. These patient need to continue to breastfeed to help keep milk flowing and moving. One complication that can develop is an abscess so when there is an abscess breastfeeding is contraindicated but otherwise they need to keep feeding. And the patient must take antibiotics as treatment.
Make sure you check out the resources attached to this lesson and review symptoms and management. Now, go out and be your best selves today. And, as always, happy nursing.
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Study Plan for Study Skills, Test Taking for the NCLEX® Using Med-Surg (Lewis 10th ed.) designed for Westmoreland County Community College
Concepts Covered:
- Concepts of Population Health
- Factors Influencing Community Health
- Community Health Overview
- Substance Abuse Disorders
- Upper GI Disorders
- Renal Disorders
- Newborn Care
- Integumentary Disorders
- Tissues and Glands
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Digestive System
- Urinary Disorders
- Urinary System
- Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Concepts of Mental Health
- Health & Stress
- Developmental Theories
- Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
- Communication
- Basics of NCLEX
- Test Taking Strategies
- Prioritization
- Delegation
- Emotions and Motivation
- Integumentary Disorders
- Legal and Ethical Issues
- Basic
- Preoperative Nursing
- Labor and Delivery
- Fetal Development
- Newborn Complications
- Postpartum Complications
- Postpartum Care
- Labor Complications
- Pregnancy Risks
- Prenatal Concepts
- Circulatory System
- Cardiac Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Vascular Disorders
- Shock
- Postoperative Nursing
- Intraoperative Nursing
- Oncology Disorders
- Neurological Emergencies
- Respiratory Disorders
- Female Reproductive Disorders
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
- Lower GI Disorders
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
- Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Immunological Disorders
- Hematologic Disorders
- EENT Disorders
- Integumentary Important Points
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Neurological Patient
- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Spinal Cord
- Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
- Eating Disorders
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Respiratory Emergencies
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- Psychological Emergencies
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- Personality Disorders
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- Infectious Disease Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Renal and Urinary Disorders
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- Gastrointestinal Disorders
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- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Childhood Growth and Development
- Adulthood Growth and Development
- Medication Administration
- Nervous System
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- Learning Pharmacology
- Prefixes
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Study Plan Lessons
Communicable Diseases
Disasters & Bioterrorism
Cultural Care
Environmental Health
Technology & Informatics
Epidemiology
Health Promotion & Disease Prevention
Head to Toe Nursing Assessment (Physical Exam)
Enteral & Parenteral Nutrition (Diet, TPN)
Specialty Diets (Nutrition)
Blood Glucose Monitoring
Intake and Output (I&O)
Hygiene
Pain and Nonpharmacological Comfort Measures
Bowel Elimination
Urinary Elimination
Complications of Immobility
Patient Positioning
Defense Mechanisms
Overview of Developmental Theories
Abuse
Therapeutic Communication
Overview of the Nursing Process
Triage
Prioritization
Delegation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Nursing
Isolation Precaution Types (PPE)
Fall and Injury Prevention
Fire and Electrical Safety
Brief CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) Overview
HIPAA
Advance Directives
Legal Considerations
Process of Labor
Fetal Circulation
Fetal Environment
Newborn of HIV+ Mother
Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Meconium Aspiration
Babies by Term
Newborn Reflexes
Body System Assessments
Newborn Physical Exam
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Mastitis
Initial Care of the Newborn (APGAR)
Breastfeeding
Postpartum Discomforts
Postpartum Physiological Maternal Changes
Dystocia
Precipitous Labor
Preterm Labor
Abruptio Placentae (Placental abruption)
Placenta Previa
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Fetal Heart Monitoring (FHM)
Leopold Maneuvers
Mechanisms of Labor
Fetal Development
Infections in Pregnancy
Preeclampsia: Signs, Symptoms, Nursing Care, and Magnesium Sulfate
Gestational HTN (Hypertension)
Hydatidiform Mole (Molar pregnancy)
Ectopic Pregnancy
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Nutrition in Pregnancy
Chorioamnionitis
Antepartum Testing
Discomforts of Pregnancy
Physiological Changes
Maternal Risk Factors
Fundal Height Assessment for Nurses
Gravidity and Parity (G&Ps, GTPAL)
Gestation & Nägele’s Rule: Estimating Due Dates
Family Planning & Contraception
Menstrual Cycle
Hemodynamics
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Performing Cardiac (Heart) Monitoring
Preload and Afterload
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib)
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)
Ventricular Fibrillation (V Fib)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Heart Failure (CHF)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Angina
Pacemakers
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Hypertension (HTN)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Thrombophlebitis (clot)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Distributive Shock
Discharge (DC) Teaching After Surgery
Postoperative (Postop) Complications
Post-Anesthesia Recovery
Malignant Hyperthermia
Moderate Sedation
Local Anesthesia
Preoperative (Preop)Assessment
General Anesthesia
Preoperative (Preop) Nursing Priorities
Preoperative (Preop) Education
Informed Consent
Biopsy
Ultrasound
Echocardiogram (Cardiac Echo)
Cardiovascular Angiography
Cerebral Angiography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
X-Ray (Xray)
Computed Tomography (CT)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Menopause
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Endometriosis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Dialysis & Other Renal Points
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney (Renal) Disease (CKD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Glomerulonephritis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cirrhosis (Liver Disease, Hepatic encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney (Renal) Injury (AKI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hepatitis (Liver Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Crohn’s Disease
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Ulcerative Colitis(UC)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Appendicitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pancreatitis
Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Diabetes Management
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cushings Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Addisons Disease
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anaphylaxis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Oncology Important Points
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Blood Transfusions (Administration)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Glaucoma
Macular Degeneration
Hearing Loss
Fractures
Cataracts
Integumentary (Skin) Important Points
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis (OA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis
Burn Injuries
Pressure Ulcers/Pressure injuries (Braden scale)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Herpes Zoster – Shingles
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Meningitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Seizure
Seizure Therapeutic Management
Seizure Assessment
Seizure Causes (Epilepsy, Generalized)
Stroke Nursing Care (CVA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Ischemic Stroke (CVA)
Stroke Therapeutic Management (CVA)
Stroke Assessment (CVA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hemorrhagic Stroke (CVA)
Miscellaneous Nerve Disorders
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Parkinsons
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure CPP
Intracranial Pressure ICP
Adjunct Neuro Assessments
Levels of Consciousness (LOC)
Routine Neuro Assessments
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C)
Glucose Lab Values
Urinalysis (UA)
Creatinine (Cr) Lab Values
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Lab Values
Ammonia (NH3) Lab Values
Cholesterol (Chol) Lab Values
Albumin Lab Values
Coagulation Studies (PT, PTT, INR)
Platelets (PLT) Lab Values
White Blood Cell (WBC) Lab Values
Hematocrit (Hct) Lab Values
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Lab Values
Hemoglobin (Hbg) Lab Values
Chloride-Cl (Hyperchloremia, Hypochloremia)
Sodium-Na (Hypernatremia, Hyponatremia)
Potassium-K (Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia)
Hypertonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Isotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Base Excess & Deficit
Metabolic Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis (interpretation and nursing diagnosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis
Respiratory Acidosis (interpretation and nursing interventions)
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation-The Basics
ABGs Nursing Normal Lab Values
Chest Tube Management
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Pneumonia
Artificial Airways
Airway Suctioning
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Influenza (Flu)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Tuberculosis (TB)
Lung Sounds
Alveoli & Atelectasis
Gas Exchange
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Asthma
Suicidal Behavior
Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa)
Alcohol Withdrawal (Addiction)
Grief and Loss
Paranoid Disorders
Personality Disorders
Cognitive Impairment Disorders
Mood Disorders (Bipolar)
Depression
Schizophrenia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Somatoform
Dissociative Disorders
Anxiety
Pertussis – Whooping Cough
Varicella – Chickenpox
Mumps
Rubeola – Measles
Scoliosis
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Spina Bifida – Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
Meningitis
Enuresis
Nephrotic Syndrome
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Mixed (Cardiac) Heart Defects
Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects
Defects of Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Defects of Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Congenital Heart Defects (CHD)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Asthma
Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
Bronchiolitis and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Tonsillitis
Conjunctivitis
Constipation and Encopresis (Incontinence)
Intussusception
Appendicitis
Celiac Disease
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Dysfunction – Diarrhea
Vomiting
Hemophilia
Nephroblastoma
Fever
Dehydration
Sickle Cell Anemia
Burn Injuries
Pediculosis Capitis
Impetigo
Eczema
Growth & Development – School Age- Adolescent
Growth & Development – Preschoolers
Growth & Development – Toddlers
Growth & Development – Infants
Care of the Pediatric Patient
Vitals (VS) and Assessment
Vasopressin
TCAs
SSRIs
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Vancomycin (Vancocin) Nursing Considerations
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Nursing Considerations
Metronidazole (Flagyl) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Parasympatholytics (Anticholinergics) Nursing Considerations
NSAIDs
Nitro Compounds
MAOIs
Hydralazine (Apresoline) Nursing Considerations
Insulin
Magnesium Sulfate
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Histamine 2 Receptor Blockers
Histamine 1 Receptor Blockers
Epoetin Alfa
Diuretics (Loop, Potassium Sparing, Thiazide, Furosemide/Lasix)
Corticosteroids
Benzodiazepines
Cardiac Glycosides
Calcium Channel Blockers
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Sympathomimetics (Alpha (Clonodine) & Beta (Albuterol) Agonists)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Atypical Antipsychotics
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitors
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Complex Calculations (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
IV Infusions (Solutions)
Injectable Medications
Oral Medications
Basics of Calculations
Dimensional Analysis Nursing (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
The SOCK Method – K
The SOCK Method – C
The SOCK Method – O
The SOCK Method – S
The SOCK Method – Overview
6 Rights of Medication Administration
Essential NCLEX Meds by Class
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
Therapeutic Drug Levels (Digoxin, Lithium, Theophylline, Phenytoin)
54 Common Medication Prefixes and Suffixes