Varicella – Chickenpox
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Chickenpox (Image)
Acyclovir (Image)
Airborne Precaution Diseases (Mnemonic)
Varicella (Chickenpox) (Picmonic)
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Outline
Overview
- Highly contagious viral infection, caused by varicella-zoster virus
- Itchy, blister like rash on the skin.
Nursing Points
General
- Contagious
- Until 6 days after start of rash
- Crusts have formed on all lesions
- Spread via direct contact and airborne spread
- After infection, virus remains dormant and can become reactivated to cause shingles
Assessment
- Fever
- Malaise
- Small, extremely itchy blisters
- 3 stages
- Papule (small, red, raised)
- Vesicle (fluid trapped under skin, bubble-like)
- Crust (scabbed over)
- Profuse on trunk
- Sparse on limbs
- 3 stages
Therapeutic Management
- Isolate child
- Initiate contact and airborne precautions
- Ensure there are no pregnant caregivers
- Promote skin integrity – prevent secondary skin infection
- Cut nails
- Apply mittens
- Calamine lotion
- Medications
- Acyclovir
- Give within 24 hours of rash appearance
- IVIG for immunocompromised patients
- Diphenhydramine
- To relieve itching
- Acyclovir
- Monitor for complications
- Varicella pneumonia
- Encephalitis
- Cellulitis
Nursing Concepts
- Immunity
- Infection Control
- Comfort
Patient Education
- Contagious until all vesicles turn into scabs
- Prevent scratching
- Do not give aspirin due to risk of Reye Syndrome
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Transcript
Hey you guys, in this lesson we are going to talk about chickenpox. Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella Zoster Virus, so sometimes it’s called Varicella.
Chickenpox is a very contagious viral infection. It causes a widespread, very itchy rash. Remember I said it’s caused by the varicella zoster virus- which is actually the same virus that causes shingles. So the virus can reactivate later in life causing shingles and this is most often seen after the age of 60.
The virus is spread through contact with the rash and through coughs and sneezes- so these patients actually need to be on standard, contact and airborne precautions.
It used to be, sort of like a right of passage to get the chickenpox as a kid- and parents would even have “chickenpox parties” to just get it out of the way! The CDC doesn’t recommend this, especially now that there is an immunization for chickenpox. The immunization is given between 12-15 months and again between 4-6 years, which is the same as the MMR.
The major symptoms to look for with chickenpox are fever and a rash.
The rash has 3 stages. It starts as a pustule (a small bump that looks kinda like a zit), then becomes a vesicle (fluid filled blister), which then bursts and crusts over. One important thing to know about chickenpox is that kids are infectious until ALL pustules have crusted over and are drying out.
As you can imagine and may even remember from childhood- kids with chickenpox can be pretty miserable and irritable. They aren’t sleeping well and just feel pretty awful.
First things first- if in the hospital, these patients have to be on contact and airborne precautions. If they are at home they need to stay away from school until all lesions are crusted over.
First things first- if in the hospital, these patients have to be on contact and airborne precautions. If they are at home they need to stay away from school until all lesions are crusted over.
The most important part our nursing care is promoting skin integrity. One of the biggest complications of chickenpox is cellulitis. So nails need to be kept short to prevent kids from scratching and breaking open their skin. If the skin is open they are way more likely to get a secondary infection! If not scratching doesn’t seem like a feasible goal then mittens on the hands may be necessary. Baths and calamine lotion are very helpful as well.
Medications that may be given for chickenpox are diphenhydramine for the itching, antipyretics for fever, and acyclovir. Acyclovir is an antiviral that should be given for severe cases of chickenpox and for patients with compromised immunity.
Complications that you need to be on the look out for are varicella pneumonia, encephalitis and cellulitis.
Your priority nursing concepts for a pediatric patient with chickenpox are immunity, infection control and health promotion.
Chickenpox is a very contagious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. Patients with chickenpox in the hospital need to be on standard, contact and airborne precautions. The major symptom of chickenpox is an itchy rash that goes through three stages. Pustule, vesicle and then it crusts over.
Treatment should focus on skin care to prevent secondary skin infections. And in severe cases acyclovir may be given.
Complications that can happen are varicella pneumonia and cellulitis.
That’s it for our lesson on caring for pediatric patients with chickenpox. Make sure you check out all the resources attached to this lesson. Now, go out and be your best self today. Happy Nursing!
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Hypovolemic Shock Case Study (OB sim) (60 min)
Incompetent Cervix
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Nephroblastoma
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Neuro Assessment
NSAIDs
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Bronchitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Appendicitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Burn Injury (First, Second, Third degree)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Celiac Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cleft Lip / Cleft Palate
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Clubfoot
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congenital Heart Defects
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cystic Fibrosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Decreased Cardiac Output
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dehydration & Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eczema (Infantile or Childhood) / Atopic Dermatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Epiglottitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hemophilia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impaired Gas Exchange
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Imperforate Anus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impetigo
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Infective Conjunctivitis / Pink Eye
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Influenza
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Intussusception
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Marfan Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meningitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mumps
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neural Tube Defect, Spina Bifida
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Omphalocele
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Otitis Media / Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pediculosis Capitis / Head Lice
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pertussis / Whooping Cough
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Reye’s Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatic Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rubeola – Measles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Scoliosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sickle Cell Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Tonsillitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Varicella / Chickenpox
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Vomiting / Diarrhea
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nursing Case Study for Pediatric Asthma
Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects
Ocular Infections (Conjunctivitis, Iritis) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Omphalocele
Opioid Analgesics
Pancrelipase (Pancreaze) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Bronchiolitis Labs
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Dysfunction – Diarrhea
Pediatric Oncology Basics
Pediatrics Course Introduction
Pediculosis Capitis
Pertussis – Whooping Cough
Phenylketonuria
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Nursing Considerations
Platelets (PLT) Lab Values
Pneumonia
Promotion and Evaluation of Normal Elimination Nursing Mnemonic (POOPER SCOOP)
Pulmonary Function Test
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Lab Values
Respiratory Acidosis (interpretation and nursing interventions)
Reye’s Syndrome
Reyes Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Rheumatic Fever
ROME – ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation
Rubeola – Measles
Salmeterol (Serevent) Nursing Considerations
Scoliosis
Selegiline (Eldepyrl) Nursing Considerations
Sickle Cell Anemia
Spina Bifida – Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
Steroids – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (6 S’s)
Stoma Care (Colostomy bag)
Strabismus
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sympathomimetics (Alpha (Clonodine) & Beta (Albuterol) Agonists)
Thorax and Lungs Assessment
Tonsillitis
Topical Medications
Tracheal Esophageal Fistula – Sign and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 C’s)
Transient Incontinence – Common Causes Nursing Mnemonic (P-DIAPERS)
Treatment of Sickle Cell Nursing Mnemonic (HOP to the hospital)
Umbilical Hernia
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Measles, Mumps, Pertussis, Chicken Pox, Diphtheria) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Varicella – Chickenpox
Varicella Case Study (Peds) (30 min)
Vitals (VS) and Assessment
Vomiting
White Blood Cell (WBC) Lab Values
X-Ray (Xray)
ADLs (Activity of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (BATTED)
Emotions and Motivation
Growth & Development Theories
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Nursing
Psychological Disorders
State of Consciousness
Stress and Crisis