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Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Reye’s Syndrome

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Reye’s Syndrome

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Study Tools For Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Reye’s Syndrome

Reye’s Syndrome (Picmonic)
Reye’s Syndrome Pathochart (Cheatsheet)
Care Plan Example_Reye’s Syndrome (Cheatsheet)
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Outline

Lesson Objective for Reye’s Syndrome

  • Understanding Reye’s Syndrome:
    • Develop a comprehensive understanding of Reye’s Syndrome, including its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and the populations most at risk.
  • Recognition of Early Signs and Symptoms:
    • Identify the early signs and symptoms of Reye’s Syndrome, emphasizing the importance of prompt recognition for timely intervention and improved outcomes.
  • Knowledge of Risk Factors:
    • Gain insight into the risk factors associated with Reye’s Syndrome, particularly the connection to aspirin use in children during viral infections, enabling proactive education and preventive measures.
  • Effective Nursing Interventions:
    • Acquire knowledge about evidence-based nursing interventions and care strategies for patients with Reye’s Syndrome, focusing on supportive care, monitoring, and collaboration with the healthcare team.
  • Patient and Family Education:
    • Develop effective communication skills to educate patients and their families about Reye’s Syndrome, its prevention, and the importance of avoiding aspirin in children with viral illnesses.

Pathophysiology of Reye’s Syndrome

 

  • Mitochondrial Dysfunction:
    • Reye’s Syndrome involves a disruption in mitochondrial function, particularly in the liver cells. This impairment leads to a decrease in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy source for cells.
  • Fatty Acid Accumulation:
    • As a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, there is an abnormal accumulation of fatty acids in the liver. This accumulation can result in hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), leading to liver dysfunction.
  • Hyperammonemia:
    • The impaired liver function in Reye’s Syndrome hinders the normal breakdown of ammonia, leading to elevated levels of ammonia in the bloodstream. Hyperammonemia contributes to neurological symptoms and complications.
  • Cerebral Edema and Encephalopathy:
    • The elevated ammonia levels and metabolic disturbances can lead to cerebral edema, causing an increase in intracranial pressure. This results in encephalopathy, presenting as altered mental status, seizures, and potentially life-threatening neurological complications.
  • Association with Viral Infections and Aspirin Use:
    • Reye’s Syndrome is often associated with preceding viral infections, particularly influenza and varicella (chickenpox). Additionally, the use of aspirin during or after these viral infections, especially in children and adolescents, has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of Reye’s Syndrome.

Etiology of Reye’s Syndrome

 

  • Viral Infections:
    • Reye’s Syndrome is often preceded by viral infections, with influenza and varicella (chickenpox) being commonly associated. The viral infection sets the stage for the subsequent development of Reye’s Syndrome.
  • Aspirin Use in Children:
    • A significant risk factor for Reye’s Syndrome is the use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in children and adolescents during or after viral infections. Aspirin has been specifically linked to the development of Reye’s Syndrome, especially when used to manage symptoms of viral illnesses.
  • Age Group Susceptibility:
    • Reye’s Syndrome primarily affects children and teenagers, with the majority of cases occurring in individuals under the age of 18. There is a lower incidence in adults.
  • Seasonal Variation:
    • Cases of Reye’s Syndrome often exhibit a seasonal variation, coinciding with the peak occurrence of viral infections, particularly influenza and varicella, which are more prevalent during specific times of the year.
  • Genetic Predisposition:
    • While the exact genetic factors contributing to Reye’s Syndrome are not fully understood, there may be a genetic predisposition that influences an individual’s susceptibility to the syndrome, especially when combined with viral infections and aspirin use.

Desired Outcome for Reye’s Syndrome 

 

  • Stabilization of Metabolic Function:
    • Achieve and maintain metabolic stability by addressing mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing hyperammonemia, and restoring normal cellular energy production.
  • Resolution of Neurological Symptoms:
    • Attain a resolution of neurological symptoms, including encephalopathy, seizures, and altered mental status, through appropriate interventions and supportive care.
  • Recovery of Liver Function:
    • Promote the recovery of liver function by addressing hepatic steatosis and mitigating damage, facilitating the normalization of liver enzymes and overall hepatic performance.
  • Prevention of Complications:
    • Prevent or minimize complications associated with Reye’s Syndrome, such as cerebral edema, organ failure, and secondary infections, to improve overall prognosis and reduce long-term sequelae.
  • Full Restoration of Health:
    • Aim for the complete restoration of health, ensuring that the patient can resume normal activities and functions without persistent neurological deficits or compromised organ function.

Reye’s Syndrome Nursing Care Plan

 

Subjective Data:

  • Headaches
  • Fatigue
  • Excessive drowsiness/lethargy 
  • Changes in personality
  • Irritability

Objective Data:

  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Confusion/disoriented/hallucinations 
  • Weakness of extremities
  • Seizures
  • Loss of consciousness

Nursing Assessment for Reye’s Syndrome 

 

  • Medical History:
    • Obtain a detailed medical history, with a specific focus on recent viral infections, including symptoms, duration, and any associated treatments. Inquire about the use of medications, especially aspirin, and assess the timeline of symptom onset.
  • Neurological Assessment:
    • Conduct a thorough neurological assessment, including the evaluation of mental status, level of consciousness, responsiveness, and presence of neurological symptoms such as seizures, irritability, or lethargy.
  • Vital Signs Monitoring:
    • Continuously monitor vital signs, paying close attention to temperature variations, as Reye’s Syndrome can be associated with hyperthermia. Frequent temperature checks are crucial for detecting changes promptly.
  • Gastrointestinal Assessment:
    • Assess gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, and signs of hepatic dysfunction, including jaundice and changes in bowel habits. Document the frequency and characteristics of vomiting.
  • Fluid and Electrolyte Balance:
    • Monitor fluid intake and output to assess hydration status. Reye’s Syndrome can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and prompt intervention is necessary to maintain homeostasis.
  • Liver Function Tests:
    • Obtain and monitor liver function tests, including serum transaminases, bilirubin, and coagulation profile. Assess for signs of hepatic dysfunction, such as hepatomegaly and jaundice.
  • Blood Ammonia Levels:
    • Monitor blood ammonia levels regularly, as elevated ammonia is a characteristic feature of Reye’s Syndrome and is associated with neurological symptoms. Early detection allows for timely intervention.
  • Respiratory Assessment:
    • Assess respiratory status, including respiratory rate, effort, and oxygen saturation. Closely monitor for signs of respiratory distress or failure, which may indicate complications such as cerebral edema.
  • Skin Assessment:
    • Conduct a thorough skin assessment to identify any rashes, petechiae, or signs of poor perfusion. Skin findings may provide additional clues to the overall condition and help guide interventions.

 

Implementation for Reye’s Syndrome 

 

  • Supportive Care:
    • Provide meticulous supportive care to address the specific needs of the patient. This includes maintaining a quiet and calm environment to minimize stimuli that could exacerbate neurological symptoms.
  • Fluid and Electrolyte Management:
    • Administer intravenous fluids judiciously to maintain hydration and correct electrolyte imbalances. Monitor fluid balance closely, adjusting the infusion rate based on the patient’s response and ongoing assessments.
  • Hepatic Support:
    • Collaborate with the healthcare team to implement measures to support hepatic function. This may involve avoiding hepatotoxic medications, providing nutritional support, and closely monitoring liver function tests.
  • Neurological Monitoring and Management:
    • Continuously monitor neurological status, promptly intervening if signs of increased intracranial pressure or neurological deterioration occur. Administer antiepileptic medications as prescribed to manage seizures effectively.
  • Prevent Complications:
    • Implement strategies to prevent complications, particularly cerebral edema. This may involve the use of osmotic agents, positioning to optimize cerebral perfusion, and collaboration with the medical team for potential interventions such as hyperventilation.
  • Collaborative Multidisciplinary Care:
    • Engage in ongoing collaboration with a multidisciplinary team, including physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals. Regular communication and coordination are essential for optimizing patient care and addressing evolving needs.

Nursing Interventions and Rationales

 

Nursing Intervention (ADPIE) Rationale
Assess and monitor vital signs Determine oxygenation and respiratory status. Get baseline data to determine effectiveness of interventions.

Changes in temperature can indicate damage to the brain and difficulty regulating temperature.
Perform complete assessment of systems including neurological status Help determine staging of disorder and treatment required. Seizures,  loss of reflexes, posturing and lack of pupil reaction indicate more advanced neurologic involvement.
Monitor blood glucose levels Drops in blood glucose can indicate elevated ammonia levels.  Hyper- and hypoglycemia can result in further complications of the condition.
Initiate IV and monitor fluid balance Maintain hydration with presence of vomiting or diarrhea. Watch for signs of fluid overload.
Initiate seizure safety precautions  per facility protocol Place infant or toddler in crib with padding, raise bed rails for older children in case of seizures. Keep oxygen and suction readily available
Assess for signs of increased intracranial pressure Monitoring may be done with intraventricular catheter. Prevent swelling of the brain if possible to reduce risk of brain damage.
Administer medications and blood products as required per facility protocol Medications may be given to manage symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, fever, hyper- or hypoglycemia, seizures, swelling and pain.

Patients with liver involvement are at risk for bleeding due to effect on clotting factors. Blood products may transfused or plasma and platelets may be given to prevent bleeding.
Monitor diagnostic tests and labs Watch for jaundice and elevation of liver enzymes and ammonia levels.
Provide postoperative and wound care as necessary Patient may be required to undergo craniotomy to relieve intracranial pressure. Prevent infection at the incision site, which could lead to meningitis.
Provide communication, support and education for parents / caregivers Help reduce anxiety in family members with frequent updates and support.

Help increase understanding of disease and risk factors.

Provide resources for home care or long-term needs.

 

Evaluation for Reye’s Syndrome

 

  • Neurological Status:
    • Evaluate improvements or deterioration in neurological status, including changes in consciousness, responsiveness, and the presence of seizures. Compare current assessments with baseline data to gauge the effectiveness of interventions.
  • Fluid and Electrolyte Balance:
    • Assess the patient’s fluid and electrolyte balance, monitoring for improvements in hydration status and correction of any imbalances. Evaluate urine output, serum electrolyte levels, and overall fluid responsiveness.
  • Liver Function:
    • Review liver function tests to assess improvements in hepatic function. Monitor serum transaminases, bilirubin levels, and coagulation profile to determine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at supporting the liver.
  • Resolution of Symptoms:
    • Evaluate the resolution of presenting symptoms, such as vomiting, jaundice, and gastrointestinal distress. Document improvements in overall well-being and the absence of signs and symptoms associated with Reye’s Syndrome.
  • Prevention of Complications:
    • Assess the success of preventive measures in avoiding complications, particularly cerebral edema. Monitor for any signs of increased intracranial pressure and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing or managing complications.

References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/reyes-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377255

http://www.reyessyndrome.org/treat.html

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/6088-reyes-syndrome

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Transcript

Hi everyone. Today, we are going to be creating a nursing care plan for Reye’s syndrome. So let’s get started. First. We’re going to go over pathophysiology. Reye’s syndrome is a rare condition that causes swelling of the liver and brain. It most often occurs in children following a viral illness, such as the flu or the chicken pox in combination with taking aspirin. Some nursing considerations: you want to assess vital signs, perform a complete system assessment, assess intracranial pressure, lab values, implement seizure precautions, administer medications or blood products, and educate the parent or the caregiver. Desired outcome: patients are going to maintain adequate respiratory status, optimal neurologic functioning, and the patient will remain in adequate fluid balance. 

So we’re going to go through the care plan. Here we’re going to be writing some subjective data and some objective data. What are some things we’re going to see in a patient that has Reye’s Syndrome? One of the main things you’re going to see or that they’re going to complain about headaches. And some objective data you’re going to see is there’s going to be some confusion, disorientation, and some weakness. Some other things to keep in mind for these patients: they’ll have some fatigue, extreme drowsiness, maybe some changes in personality, or irritability. You’ll also see possible diarrhea, hallucinations, seizures, and loss of consciousness. 

So what are some inter interventions that we’re going to do as nurses? One of the main things that we’re going to do is we’re going to assess and monitor their vital signs. So we’re going to determine oxygenation and respiratory status, so you want to make sure you’re getting baseline data to determine the effectiveness of the interventions that you are giving. Any sort of changes in temperature can indicate damage to the brain itself or difficulty regulating their temperature. Another intervention that we’re going to be looking for is a complete assessment of systems, such as neurological status. So you want to help determine staging of this disorder and treatment required. Seizures, loss of reflexes, posturing,lack of pupil reaction can indicate more of an advanced neurologic involvement with these patients. Another intervention we’re going to do is monitor their blood glucose levels – a drop in blood glucose can indicate elevated ammonia levels. hyper and hypoglycemia can result in further complications of this condition. Other interventions we’re going to want to initiate are seizure precautions or seizure safety. And have seizure precautions per protocol. So you want to make sure you’re placing the infant or the toddler in a crib with padding, and raise the bedrails up for older children in case of seizures. You want to make sure you’re keeping their oxygen and suction readily available by the crib or bed in case you may need it. Other interventions that we’re going to be doing: you want to make sure you’re assessing for signs of intracranial pressure. Monitoring may be done with an intraventricular catheter, which will prevent the swelling of the brain if possible, and reduce the risk of brain damage. Another intervention we’re going to be doing is we’re going to administer any sort of medications or blood products. And why do we do this? So, medications may be given to manage symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, fever, hyper or hypoglycemia, swelling, and pain for these patients. Due to liver involvement, patients are at risk for bleeding due to the effect on clotting factors. So, blood products may be transfused or plasma and platelets may be given and able to prevent bleeding in these patients. Another thing we’re going to be doing for intervention is monitoring diagnostics and other lab values. We’re going to watch for jaundice and any sort of elevation in liver enzymes, And we’re also going to be looking for increased ammonia. 

All right. So we’re going to go over some key points. So pathophysiology: it’s a rare condition that causes swelling of the liver and brain. It most often occurs in children following a viral illness, such as the flu or chickenpox. Some subjective and objective data that you’re going to see in these patients: you’re going to see headache, fatigue, excessive drowsiness, irritability, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, disorientation, weakness of the extremities, seizures, loss of consciousness. Also, make sure you’re assessing their vital signs, doing a complete systems assessment, assessing the intracranial pressure, monitor blood glucose levels and liver enzymes since they will likely be elevated in these patients, and seizures. You want to make sure you’re placing these patients on seizure precautions, administering any sort of medications and or blood products as required. Awesome. 

We love you guys. Go out and be your best self today and, as always, happy nursing. 

 

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Ground Zero

Concepts Covered:

  • Communication
  • Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
  • Intraoperative Nursing
  • Documentation and Communication
  • Legal and Ethical Issues
  • Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
  • Delegation
  • Perioperative Nursing Roles
  • Preoperative Nursing
  • Community Health Overview
  • Prioritization
  • Studying
  • Factors Influencing Community Health
  • Concepts of Population Health
  • Understanding Society
  • Test Taking Strategies
  • Medication Administration
  • Adult
  • Microbiology
  • Cardiac Disorders
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Depressive Disorders
  • Vascular Disorders
  • Nervous System
  • Upper GI Disorders
  • Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
  • Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • Immunological Disorders
  • Dosage Calculations
  • Circulatory System
  • Concepts of Pharmacology
  • Hematologic Disorders
  • Newborn Care
  • Adulthood Growth and Development
  • Disorders of Pancreas
  • Respiratory Disorders
  • Postoperative Nursing
  • Pregnancy Risks
  • Neurological
  • Postpartum Complications
  • Substance Abuse Disorders
  • Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
  • Bipolar Disorders
  • Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
  • Learning Pharmacology
  • Psychotic Disorders
  • Prenatal Concepts
  • Tissues and Glands
  • Basics of Chemistry
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Newborn Complications
  • Labor Complications
  • Fetal Development
  • Terminology
  • Labor and Delivery
  • Postpartum Care
  • EENT Disorders
  • Infectious Disease Disorders
  • Lower GI Disorders
  • Integumentary Disorders
  • Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
  • Hematologic Disorders
  • Integumentary Disorders
  • Cardiovascular Disorders
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders
  • Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
  • Renal and Urinary Disorders
  • Urinary System
  • Oncologic Disorders
  • Renal Disorders
  • Infectious Respiratory Disorder
  • Urinary Disorders
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • EENT Disorders
  • Behavior
  • Emotions and Motivation
  • Growth & Development
  • Psychological Disorders
  • State of Consciousness
  • Health & Stress

Study Plan Lessons

Communicating with Other Nurses
Conflict Management (Patient, Perioperative Team, Family) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
CRNA
Daily Charting
Day in the Life of a Labor Nurse
Day in the Life of a Med-surg Nurse
Day in the Life of a NICU Nurse
Day in the Life of a Postpartum Nurse
Day in the Life of an ICU (Intensive Care Unit) Nurse
Day in the Life of an Operating Room Nurse
Delegation and Personnel Management for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Delegation of Tasks to Assistive Personnel for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
HCIR Management (Healthcare Industry Representative) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Interdisciplinary Team Participation for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Joint Commission
MSN (Masters) vs. DNP (Doctorate)
Oncology nurse
Patient Consent for Treatment for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Patient Education
Patient Satisfaction for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Safety Checks
SBAR Practice Scenarios
Shift change and Patient handoff
The Medical Team
Time Management
Transition To Practice
Access to Care
Age and Culturally Appropriate Health Assessment Techniques for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Care of Vulnerable Populations
Child Abuse/Neglect – Warning Signs Nursing Mnemonic (CHILD ABUSE)
Communicable Diseases
Community Health Nursing Theories
Continuity of Care
Epidemiology
Levels of Prevention
Giving the Best Patient Education
Health Promotion Assessments
Health Promotion & Disease Prevention
High-Risk Behaviors
High Risk Behavior Nursing Mnemonic (HEADSS)
Health Promotion Model
Patient Education
Planning Community Health Interventions Nursing Mnemonic (PRECEDE-PROCEED)
Technology & Informatics
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
6 Rights of Medication Administration
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Adenosine (Adenocard) Nursing Considerations
Amiodarone (Pacerone) Nursing Considerations
Anesthetic Agents
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Anti-Platelet Aggregate
Antianxiety Meds
Antidepressants
Atenolol (Tenormin) Nursing Considerations
Atropine (Atropen) Nursing Considerations
Barbiturates
Bariatric: IV Insertion
Basics of Calculations
Benztropine (Cogentin) Nursing Considerations
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Nursing Considerations
Buspirone (Buspar) Nursing Considerations
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) Nursing Considerations
Cefdinir (Omnicef) Nursing Considerations
Celecoxib (Celebrex) Nursing Considerations
Codeine (Paveral) Nursing Considerations
Combative: IV Insertion
Complex Calculations (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Nursing Considerations
Dark Skin: IV Insertion
Dimensional Analysis Nursing (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Diphenoxylate-Atropine (Lomotil) Nursing Considerations
Drawing Blood from the IV
Drawing Up Meds
Drug Interactions Nursing Mnemonic (These Drugs Can Interact)
Epoetin Alfa
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn
Fentanyl (Duragesic) Nursing Considerations
Geriatric: IV Insertion
Giving Medication Through An IV Set Port
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Nursing Considerations
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) Nursing Considerations
Hanging an IV Piggyback
How to Remove (discontinue) an IV
How to Secure an IV (chevron, transparent dressing)
Hydralazine
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lortab) Nursing Considerations
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Nursing Considerations
IM Injections
Injectable Medications
Insulin
Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)
Insulin Drips
Insulin Mixing
Interactive Pharmacology Practice
Interactive Practice Drip Calculations
IV Catheter Selection (gauge, color)
IV Complications (infiltration, phlebitis, hematoma, extravasation, air embolism)
IV Drip Administration & Safety Checks
IV Drip Therapy – Medications Used for Drips
IV Infusions (Solutions)
IV Insertion Angle
IV Insertion Course Introduction
IV Placement Start To Finish (How to Start an IV)
IV Pump Management
IV Push Medications
Ketorolac (Toradol) Nursing Considerations
Labeling (Medications, Solutions, Containers) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Nursing Considerations
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate in Pregnancy
Maintenance of the IV
Mannitol (Osmitrol) Nursing Considerations
MAOIs
Medication Errors
Medication Reconciliation Review for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Medications in Ampules
Meds for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Meperidine (Demerol) Nursing Considerations
Methadone (Methadose) Nursing Considerations
Methylergonovine (Methergine) Nursing Considerations
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Nursing Considerations
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Mood Stabilizers
Nalbuphine (Nubain) Nursing Considerations
Needle Safety
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Nursing Considerations
NG Tube Med Administration (Nasogastric)
NG Tube Medication Administration
Nitro Compounds
NRSNG Live | The S.O.C.K Method for Mastering Nursing Pharmacology and Never Forgetting a Medication Again
Nystatin (Mycostatin) Nursing Considerations
OB Pharm and What Drugs You HAVE to Know – Live Tutoring Archive
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Nursing Considerations
Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy
Oral Medications
Oxycodone (OxyContin) Nursing Considerations
Pain Management for the Older Adult – Live Tutoring Archive
Pain Management Meds – Live Tutoring Archive
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
Pediatric Dosage Calculations
Pentobarbital (Nembutal) Nursing Considerations
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics Nursing Mnemonic (ADME)
Pharmacology Course Introduction
Phenobarbital (Luminal) Nursing Considerations
Phytonadione (Vitamin K) for Newborn
Pill Crushing & Cutting
Positioning
Procainamide (Pronestyl) Nursing Considerations
Propofol (Diprivan) Nursing Considerations
Quetiapine (Seroquel) Nursing Considerations
Ranitidine (Zantac) Nursing Considerations
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Selecting THE vein
Spiking & Priming IV Bags
Starting an IV
Streptokinase (Streptase) Nursing Considerations
Struggling with Dimensional Analysis? – Live Tutoring Archive
SubQ Injections
Supplies Needed
Tattoos IV Insertion
TCAs
The SOCK Method – C
The SOCK Method – K
The SOCK Method – O
The SOCK Method – Overview
The SOCK Method – S
The SOCK Method of Pharmacology 1 – Live Tutoring Archive
The SOCK Method of Pharmacology 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
The SOCK Method of Pharmacology 3 – Live Tutoring Archive
Tips & Tricks
Tips & Advice for Newborns (Neonatal IV Insertion)
Tips & Advice for Pediatric IV
Understanding All The IV Set Ports
Using Aseptic Technique
Verapamil (Calan) Nursing Considerations
Acids & Bases (acid base balance)
05.03 Jaundice for CCRN Review
Abortion in Nursing: Spontaneous, Induced, and Missed
Abruptio Placenta for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Abruptio Placentae (Placental abruption)
Acyclovir (Zovirax) Nursing Considerations
Addicted Newborn
Adult Vital Signs (VS)
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Lab Values
Ampicillin (Omnipen) Nursing Considerations
Anemia in Pregnancy
Antepartum Testing
Antepartum Testing Case Study (45 min)
Anti-Infective – Aminoglycosides
Anti-Infective – Lincosamide
Aspiration for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Babies by Term
Behind The Red Line – Live Tutoring Archive
Betamethasone and Dexamethasone
Betamethasone and Dexamethasone in Pregnancy
Bicarbonate (HCO3) Lab Values
Blood Cultures
Blood Glucose Monitoring
Blood Transfusions (Administration)
Body System Assessments
Breastfeeding
Butorphanol (Stadol) Nursing Considerations
Cardiac (Heart) Disease in Pregnancy
Causes of Chorioamnionitis Nursing Mnemonic (Pregnancies Are Very Interesting)
Causes of Labor Dystocia Nursing Mnemonic (Having Extremely Frustrating Labor)
Causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage Nursing Mnemonic (4 T’s)
Certified Nurse Midwife
Chorioamnionitis
Clindamycin (Cleocin) Nursing Considerations
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Labs
Day in the Life of a Labor Nurse
Day in the Life of a Postpartum Nurse
Dexamethasone (Decadron) Nursing Considerations
Direct Bilirubin (Conjugated) Lab Values
Discomforts of Pregnancy
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Diuretics (Loop, Potassium Sparing, Thiazide, Furosemide/Lasix)
Dystocia
Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy Case Study (30 min)
Ectopic Pregnancy for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Emergent Delivery (OB) (30 min)
Emergent Delivery for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Epidural
Episiotomy – Evaluation of Healing Nursing Mnemonic (REEDA)
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn (Erythromycin)
Factors That Can Put a Pregnancy at Risk Nursing Mnemonic (RIBCAGE)
Family Planning & Contraception
Family Planning & Signs of Pregnancy – Live Tutoring Archive
Fertilization and Implantation
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Fetal Circulation
Fetal Development
Fetal Distress Interventions Nursing Mnemonic (Stop MOAN)
Fetal Environment
Fetal Heart Monitoring (FHM)
Fetal Heart Monitoring Like A Pro – Live Tutoring Archive
Fetal Heart Monitoring Like A Pro 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Fetal Wellbeing Assessment Tests Nursing Mnemonic (ALONE)
Fundal Height Assessment for Nurses
Furosemide (Lasix) Nursing Considerations
Gestation & Nägele’s Rule: Estimating Due Dates
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Gestational Diabetes and Why YOU Should Know About It – Live Tutoring Archive
Gestational HTN (Hypertension)
Glucagon Lab Values
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Lab Values
Gravidity and Parity (G&Ps, GTPAL)
HELLP Syndrome
HELLP Syndrome – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (HELLP)
Hematomas in OB Nursing: Causes, Symptoms, and Nursing Care
Hemodynamics
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C)
Hemorrhage (Postpartum Bleeding) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hepatitis B Vaccine for Newborns
Homocysteine (HCY) Lab Values
Hydatidiform Mole (Molar pregnancy)
Hydralazine (Apresoline) Nursing Considerations
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) Nursing Considerations
Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Hyperemesis Gravidarum for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hyperglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Dry and Hot – Insulin Shot)
Hypovolemic Shock Case Study (OB sim) (60 min)
Incompetent Cervix
Infections in Pregnancy
Initial Care of the Newborn (APGAR)
Inserting a Foley (Urinary Catheter) – Female
Intra Uterine Device – Potential Problems Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)
Isotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Labor Progression Case Study (45 min)
Leopold Maneuvers
Lung Surfactant
Lung Surfactant for Newborns
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Nursing Considerations
Magnesium Sulfate in Pregnancy
Mastitis
Maternal Risk Factors
Mechanisms of Labor
Meconium Aspiration
Meds for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Meds for PPH (postpartum hemorrhage)
Menstrual Cycle
Methylergonovine (Methergine) Nursing Considerations
Newborn of HIV+ Mother
Newborn Physical Exam
Newborn Reflexes
Nifedipine (Procardia) Nursing Considerations
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Abortion, Spontaneous Abortion, Miscarriage
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Abruptio Placentae / Placental abruption
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chorioamnionitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dystocia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Ectopic Pregnancy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypertension (HTN)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Incompetent Cervix
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mastitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Maternal-Fetal Dyad Using GTPAL
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meconium Aspiration
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neonatal Jaundice | Hyperbilirubinemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Newborns
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Placenta Previa
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) / Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Preterm Labor / Premature Labor
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Process of Labor
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Nursing Care Plan for Newborn Reflexes
Nursing Case Study for Maternal Newborn
Nutrition Assessments
Nutrition in Pregnancy
Nutritional Requirements
OB (Labor) Nurse Report to OB (Postpartum) Nurses
OB Course Introduction
OB Non-Stress Test Results Nursing Mnemonic (NNN)
OB Pharm and What Drugs You HAVE to Know – Live Tutoring Archive
Obstetric Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Obstetrical Procedures
Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy
Oral Birth Control Pills – Serious Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Aches)
Oxytocin (Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Vital Signs (VS)
Physiological Changes
Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
Phytonadione (Vitamin K) for Newborn
Placenta Previa
Placenta Previa for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Possible Infections During Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (TORCH)
Post-Partum Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (BUBBLE)
Postpartum Discomforts
Postpartum Hematoma
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Postpartum Interventions
Postpartum Physiological Maternal Changes
Postpartum Thrombophlebitis
Precipitous Labor
Preeclampsia (45 min)
Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Preeclampsia: Signs, Symptoms, Nursing Care, and Magnesium Sulfate
Pregnancy Labs
Pregnancy Outcomes Nursing Mnemonic (GTPAL)
Preload and Afterload
Premature Rupture of the Membranes (PROM)
Preterm Labor
Preterm Labor for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Probable Signs of Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP BUGS)
Process of Labor
Process of Labor – Mom Nursing Mnemonic (4 P’s)
Process of Labor – Baby Nursing Mnemonic (ALPPPS)
Process of Labor – Live Tutoring Archive
Process of Labor 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Promethazine (Phenergan) Nursing Considerations
Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins in Pregnancy
Protein (PROT) Lab Values
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Rh Immune Globulin (Rhogam)
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
Signs of Pregnancy – Live Tutoring Archive
Signs of Pregnancy (Presumptive, Probable, Positive)
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing Considerations
Stages of Fetal Development Nursing Mnemonic (Proficiently Expanding Fetus)
Subinvolution
Terbutaline (Brethine) Nursing Considerations
Threatened/Spontaneous Abortion for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Tips & Advice for Newborns (Neonatal IV Insertion)
Tocolytics
Tocolytics
Top 5 Misunderstood OB Concepts – Live Tutoring Archive
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Umbilical Cord Vasculature Nursing Mnemonic (2A1V)
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin)
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
VEAL CHOP Nursing Mnemonic (Fetal Accelerations and Decelerations) (VEAL CHOP)
What the Heck is Antepartum Testing? – Live Tutoring Archive
Abdomen (Abdominal) Assessment
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation-The Basics
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Oxygenation
ABGs Nursing Normal Lab Values
ABGs Tic-Tac-Toe interpretation Method
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Nursing Considerations
Acute Bronchitis
Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
Airborne Precaution Diseases Nursing Mnemonic (MTV)
Albuterol (Ventolin) Nursing Considerations
Alveoli & Atelectasis
Amoxicillin (Amoxil) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Antivirals
Anti-Infective – Macrolides
Anti-Infective – Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Anti-Infective – Fluoroquinolones
Appendicitis
Appendicitis – Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)
Appendicitis Case Study (Peds) (30 min)
Appendicitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Assessment of a Burn Nursing Mnemonic (SCALD)
Asthma
Asthma Concept Map
Asthma management Nursing Mnemonic (ASTHMA)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Base Excess & Deficit
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Nursing Considerations
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
Blood Type O Nursing Mnemonic (Universally Odd)
Bronchiolitis and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Bronchodilators
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Nursing Considerations
Burn Injuries
Burn Injury Case Study (60 min)
Burns for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Cardiac Glycosides
Care of the Pediatric Patient
Casting & Splinting
Cefaclor (Ceclor) Nursing Considerations
Celiac Disease
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Nursing Considerations
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Nursing Considerations
Cleft Lip and Palate
Cleft Lip Repair – Post Op Care Nursing Mnemonic (CLEFT LIP)
Clubfoot
Congenital Heart Defects (CHD)
Conjunctivitis
Constipation and Encopresis (Incontinence)
Corticosteroids
Coumarins
Cyanotic Defects Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 T’s)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Day in the Life of a NICU Nurse
Day in the Life of a Peds (Pediatric) Nurse
Defects of Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Defects of Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Dehydration
Diarrhea – Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (BRAT)
Digoxin (Lanoxin) Nursing Considerations
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Nursing Considerations
Diphenoxylate-Atropine (Lomotil) Nursing Considerations
Eczema
EENT Assessment
Enuresis
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (AIR RAID)
Epispadias and Hypospadias
Famotidine (Pepcid) Nursing Considerations
Fever
Fever Case Study (Pediatric) (30 min)
Flu Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (FACTS)
Fluid Compartments
Fluid Pressures
Fluid Shifts (Ascites) (Pleural Effusion)
Fluid Volume Deficit
Fluticasone (Flonase) Nursing Considerations
Gas Exchange
Gentamicin (Garamycin) Nursing Considerations
Glucose Lab Values
Gluten Free Diet Nursing Mnemonic (BROW)
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) Nursing Considerations
Heart Sounds Nursing Mnemonic (APE To Man – All People Enjoy Time Magazine)
Hematocrit (Hct) Lab Values
Hemoglobin (Hbg) Lab Values
Hemophilia
Hierarchy of O2 Delivery
Hydrocephalus
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms (in Pediatrics) Nursing Mnemonic (FINES)
Ibuprofen (Motrin) Nursing Considerations
Immunizations (Vaccinations)
Imperforate Anus
Impetigo
Indomethacin (Indocin) Nursing Considerations
Influenza – Flu
Integumentary (Skin) Assessment
Intussusception
Intussusception for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Isolation Precaution Types (PPE)
Isolation Precautions (MRSA, C. Difficile, Meningitis, Pertussis, Tuberculosis, Neutropenia)
Lactulose (Generlac) Nursing Considerations
Leukemia
Levels of Consciousness (LOC)
Levetiracetam (Keppra) Nursing Considerations
Lung Sounds
Marfan Syndrome
Meningitis
Meningitis Assessment Findings Nursing Mnemonic (FAN LIPS)
Meningitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Methylphenidate (Concerta) Nursing Considerations
Mixed (Cardiac) Heart Defects
Mumps
Nephroblastoma
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Neuro Assessment
NSAIDs
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Bronchitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Appendicitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Burn Injury (First, Second, Third degree)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Celiac Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cleft Lip / Cleft Palate
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Clubfoot
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congenital Heart Defects
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cystic Fibrosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Decreased Cardiac Output
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dehydration & Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eczema (Infantile or Childhood) / Atopic Dermatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Epiglottitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hemophilia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impaired Gas Exchange
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Imperforate Anus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impetigo
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Infective Conjunctivitis / Pink Eye
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Influenza
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Intussusception
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Marfan Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meningitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mumps
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neural Tube Defect, Spina Bifida
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Omphalocele
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Otitis Media / Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pediculosis Capitis / Head Lice
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pertussis / Whooping Cough
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Reye’s Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatic Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rubeola – Measles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Scoliosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sickle Cell Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Tonsillitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Varicella / Chickenpox
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Vomiting / Diarrhea
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nursing Case Study for Pediatric Asthma
Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects
Ocular Infections (Conjunctivitis, Iritis) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Omphalocele
Opioid Analgesics
Pancrelipase (Pancreaze) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Bronchiolitis Labs
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Dysfunction – Diarrhea
Pediatric Oncology Basics
Pediatrics Course Introduction
Pediculosis Capitis
Pertussis – Whooping Cough
Phenylketonuria
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Nursing Considerations
Platelets (PLT) Lab Values
Pneumonia
Promotion and Evaluation of Normal Elimination Nursing Mnemonic (POOPER SCOOP)
Pulmonary Function Test
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Lab Values
Respiratory Acidosis (interpretation and nursing interventions)
Reye’s Syndrome
Reyes Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Rheumatic Fever
ROME – ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation
Rubeola – Measles
Salmeterol (Serevent) Nursing Considerations
Scoliosis
Selegiline (Eldepyrl) Nursing Considerations
Sickle Cell Anemia
Spina Bifida – Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
Steroids – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (6 S’s)
Stoma Care (Colostomy bag)
Strabismus
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sympathomimetics (Alpha (Clonodine) & Beta (Albuterol) Agonists)
Thorax and Lungs Assessment
Tonsillitis
Topical Medications
Tracheal Esophageal Fistula – Sign and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 C’s)
Transient Incontinence – Common Causes Nursing Mnemonic (P-DIAPERS)
Treatment of Sickle Cell Nursing Mnemonic (HOP to the hospital)
Umbilical Hernia
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Measles, Mumps, Pertussis, Chicken Pox, Diphtheria) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Varicella – Chickenpox
Varicella Case Study (Peds) (30 min)
Vitals (VS) and Assessment
Vomiting
White Blood Cell (WBC) Lab Values
X-Ray (Xray)
ADLs (Activity of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (BATTED)
Emotions and Motivation
Growth & Development Theories
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Nursing
Psychological Disorders
State of Consciousness
Stress and Crisis