Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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Outline
Lesson Objective for Nursing Care Plan (NCP) – Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- Understanding Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS):
- Develop a comprehensive understanding of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, including its etiology, pathophysiology, and the impact of alcohol exposure on fetal development.
- Assessment of Maternal Alcohol Consumption:
- Learn to assess and document maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of obtaining accurate information to guide appropriate interventions.
- Recognition of Clinical Manifestations:
- Identify and recognize the clinical manifestations and physical characteristics associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, ensuring early detection for timely intervention.
- Development of Holistic Care Strategies:
- Formulate holistic nursing care strategies that address the unique needs of individuals affected by FAS, considering physical, developmental, and psychosocial aspects.
- Collaborative Care and Support:
- Explore collaborative approaches involving healthcare professionals, educators, and community resources to provide comprehensive support for individuals with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and their families.
Pathophysiology of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- Alcohol Exposure during Pregnancy:
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome results from exposure to alcohol during pregnancy, particularly during critical periods of fetal development, affecting organogenesis and functional maturation.
- Placental Transfer and Fetal Vulnerability:
- Alcohol crosses the placenta, exposing the developing fetus to ethanol, which interferes with cellular processes, disrupts organ formation, and poses a heightened vulnerability during organogenesis.
- Impact on Neurological Development:
- Alcohol’s neurotoxic effects on the developing brain can lead to structural abnormalities, neuronal migration disturbances, and alterations in synaptic function, contributing to cognitive and behavioral deficits.
- Cardiovascular Implications:
- FAS can involve congenital heart defects and structural abnormalities, as alcohol disrupts cardiovascular development, impacting the formation and function of the heart and major blood vessels.
- Facial Dysmorphology and Growth Retardation:
- Distinctive facial features, growth deficiencies, and organ malformations are common characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, reflecting disruptions in cellular proliferation, migration, and tissue differentiation.
Etiology of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- Maternal Alcohol Consumption:
- FAS primarily occurs when pregnant individuals consume alcohol, especially during the first trimester when fetal organ development is most susceptible to teratogenic effects.
- Timing and Quantity of Alcohol Consumption:
- The risk of FAS is associated with the timing and amount of alcohol consumed during pregnancy. Heavy or binge drinking increases the likelihood of adverse outcomes.
- Individual Susceptibility:
- Genetic factors may influence an individual’s susceptibility to the teratogenic effects of alcohol. Variations in metabolism and detoxification pathways can impact fetal vulnerability.
- Absence of a Safe Threshold:
- There is no identified “safe” level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Even low to moderate alcohol intake may pose a risk to fetal development, emphasizing the importance of abstinence.
- Interplay of Environmental Factors:
- Socioeconomic factors, maternal nutrition, and overall maternal health can interact with alcohol exposure, influencing the severity and manifestation of FAS in the developing fetus.
Desired Outcome of Nursing Care for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- Optimal Growth and Development:
- Facilitate an environment that supports the child’s physical and cognitive growth, aiming for age-appropriate milestones and achievements.
- Early Intervention and Support:
- Implement early intervention programs and therapies to address developmental delays, behavioral challenges, and learning difficulties, enhancing the child’s overall well-being.
- Health Maintenance:
- Promote the child’s health through regular medical check-ups, vaccinations, and preventive measures to minimize the risk of secondary health issues associated with FAS.
- Educational Success:
- Collaborate with educators to create an individualized education plan (IEP) that accommodates the child’s unique learning needs, fostering academic success and social integration.
- Family and Community Involvement:
- Engage families and communities in a supportive network, providing resources, education, and encouragement to enhance the quality of life for both the child and their caregivers.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Nursing Care Plan
Subjective Data:
Patient’s mother/caregiver may report:
- Poor coordination
- Jitteriness or hyperactivity
- Frequent mood changes
- Difficulty in social settings (daycare, school)
- Difficulty switching tasks
- Learning disorders
Patient may report:
- Trouble paying attention or focusing
- Poor memory
- Vision problems
Objective Data:
- Distinct facial features that include small eyes, thin upper lip, short nose
- Slow physical growth (before and after birth)
- Small head circumference
- Heart defects
- Joint / bone deformities
Nursing Assessment for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- Prenatal History:
- Gather detailed information about the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy, including frequency, quantity, and timing of exposure.
- Physical Examination:
- Perform a comprehensive physical assessment of the newborn, paying attention to facial features, growth parameters, and any physical anomalies associated with FAS.
- Neurodevelopmental Evaluation:
- Assess the infant’s neurodevelopmental status, looking for signs of developmental delays, motor coordination issues, and cognitive impairments.
- Behavioral Observation:
- Observe the child’s behavior for signs of hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention deficits, or other behavioral challenges commonly associated with FAS.
- Feeding and Nutritional Assessment:
- Evaluate the infant’s feeding patterns, growth, and nutritional status, as individuals with FAS may face challenges related to feeding and growth.
- Hearing and Vision Screening:
- Conduct screenings for hearing and vision impairments, as these sensory deficits may be present in individuals with FAS.
- Cardiac and Renal Assessment:
- Assess the cardiovascular and renal systems for any anomalies or dysfunction related to FAS, as these systems can be affected by prenatal alcohol exposure.
- Social and Family Dynamics:
- Evaluate the family’s understanding of FAS, their coping mechanisms, and support systems, considering the impact of the syndrome on family dynamics.
Implementation for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- Educational Support:
- Provide educational resources and information to parents and caregivers about FAS, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and specialized care.
- Multidisciplinary Collaboration:
- Facilitate collaboration among healthcare professionals, educators, and social workers to ensure a holistic approach to care, addressing the diverse needs of individuals with FAS.
- Developmental Interventions:
- Implement targeted developmental interventions, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, to address specific challenges and promote optimal development.
- Behavioral Management:
- Collaborate with behavioral specialists to develop and implement behavior management strategies, providing support for both the individual with FAS and their caregivers.
- Support Services and Advocacy:
- Connect families with support services, community resources, and advocacy groups specializing in FAS to enhance social support and empower families in navigating the challenges associated with the syndrome.
Nursing Interventions and Rationales
- Perform complete assessment of systems including heart and lung auscultation
FAS often results in deformities of the heart and lungs and may result in murmurs, heart valve disorders or respiratory diseases such as asthma
- Assess infant for signs of withdrawal that include:
- High-pitched cry
- Postural arching (of the back)
- Slow or delayed breathing (apnea / bradypnea)
- Slow or irregular heartbeat
It is still controversial as to whether or not infants experience withdrawal symptoms.
There are certain symptoms that appear to be consistent in infants with FAS as listed and should be monitored if FAS is suspected.
- Obtain history of pregnancy from patient’s mother
- Determine how much alcohol was consumed throughout pregnancy and frequency.
- Severity of symptoms may be determined by amount of exposure.
- NO amount of alcohol consumed is considered safe during pregnancy.
- Measure head and abdominal circumference of infant
Infants with FAS generally have smaller head size that indicates microcephaly.
Abdomen may be distended following birth. This may require nasogastric intubation.
- Minimize external stimuli
Infants and children with FAS are often easily excitable and become agitated and fussy with excessive noise and physical stimuli.
Maintain calm atmosphere and cluster care as much as possible.
- Provide education and counseling for parents/caregivers
- Provide resources for parents that include alcohol cessation programs and support groups
- Provide resources for child to include counseling, specialists (cardiology, neurology, orthopedics, etc) and special education programs
- There is NO KNOWN safe amount of alcohol to be consumed during pregnancy
Evaluation for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- Developmental Milestones:
- Regularly assess and monitor developmental milestones to evaluate progress and identify areas that may require additional support or intervention.
- Behavioral Assessments:
- Conduct behavioral assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral management strategies and make adjustments as needed to address behavioral challenges.
- Educational Progress:
- Evaluate educational progress, considering the individualized needs of children with FAS, and collaborate with educators to implement modifications or accommodations as necessary.
- Family Functioning:
- Assess the overall functioning of the family unit, ensuring that support services and resources are meeting the needs of both the individual with FAS and their caregivers.
- Quality of Life Measures:
- Utilize quality of life measures to assess the overall well-being and satisfaction of individuals with FAS and their families, considering factors such as social integration, emotional health, and community involvement.
References
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352901
- https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fas.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html
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Transcript
This is the nursing care plan for fetal alcohol syndrome. So the pathophysiology behind fetal alcohol syndrome is that there are some infants who were exposed to alcohol, consumed by the mother during pregnancy, and it results in this disorder, fetal alcohol syndrome. This causes problems with growth and development and can lead to brain damage. There’s a variety of the disorder in that the infant can vary and normally includes a mix of behavioral, physical and mental disorders. These children often have varying degrees of learning disabilities. The effects of FAS may not even be recognized until the child develops over time, even after entering school and into adulthood, the nursing consideration. So we want to do a head and abdominal assessment. There could be some abnormalities there, with the FAS children. We want to monitor coughs. We want to monitor vital signs. We want to do a respiratory and cardiac assessment. We want to educate pregnant mothers and monitor the growth and development of these children. The desired outcome in managing these patients is that the patient is going to exhibit optimal, cognitive functioning, appropriate behaviors, and impulse control. The patient is going to have minimal effects. So the patient, mother, or caregiver may report that this patient with fetal alcohol syndrome is showing signs of a poor coordination,
Jitteriness, maybe some hyper activity. There may also be frequent mood changes, difficulty in social settings, such as daycare in school. There may also be difficulty switching tasks. There may be some learning disorders. Once the patient is old enough to report their own subjective data, they may complain of having difficulty or trouble paying attention, and poor memory. Some of these children or adults may also report vision problems. Some objective things. So we’re going to see some distinct facial features. These distinct facial features may include small eyes, thin upper lip, and a short nose. They may also have short stature; so slow physical growth. And this is before and after birth. These babies are typically born with a small head or microcephaly. They may present with some heart defects or some joints and bone deformities. So what are some things that we can do from this patient? Well, the first thing we need to do is to do a full head-to-toe assessment, paying close attention to the respiratory and the cardiac. So we want to do an assessment and we want to keep those eyes looking at the heart and the lungs. Okay. It’s very important to do this. The patients with fetal alcohol syndrome may result in deformities of the heart and the lung. And you may hear things such as murmur valve disorders, or you may hear some respiratory diseases such as asthma or respiratory distress. Okay? The next thing we want to do is we want to assess the effect for signs of withdrawal. So these infants can still withdraw from alcohol dependence from when the mother had her last drink. So these signs and symptoms of withdrawal include a high pitched cry. This is characteristic for patients with fetal alcohol syndrome. They may do some postural arching. They may have slow or delayed breathing, or they may have a slow or irregular heartbeat. We want to measure the head. We want to measure the hair in the abdomen for circumference for the infant. Remember, but if it’s with a fetal alcohol syndrome, generally have a smaller head size that indicates microcephaly. So measurements would show microcephaly, and the abdomen may be distended following birth. So let’s do that. We want to do an abdomen distension. This may require an NG tube. We want to obtain a history of pregnancy from the patient’s mother. We want to determine how much alcohol was actually consumed throughout the pregnancy. And how often was it consumed? I remember no alcohol is ever okay during pregnancy. So we want to do that. We want to get history from the mother on consumption. And finally, we want to minimize external stimuli. Remember the patients with FAS are easily excitable and become agitated and fussy with excessive noise and physical stimulus. So we want to keep them calm, let them rest, let them work on healing. Some of the pathophysiology behind this is that infants who were exposed to alcohol consumed by the mother during pregnancy results in this disorder known as fetal alcohol syndrome. Some of the things that may be reported, some of the subjective data, is they report poor coordination, poor memory. They may be jittery. They may have learning disabilities. Some things that we’re going to notice is we may observe some objective data such as heart defects, maybe microcephaly, small head, small eyes, and a thin upper lip. So what can we do? Well, we want to do a good cardiac assessment. Remember that cardiac assessment is going to let us know if this patient has any congenital defects. Remember patients who have fetal alcohol syndrome tend to have a deformity. So things wrong with the heart, things wrong with the lungs; an ECG monitoring, and a thorough cardiac assessment will help us diagnose that next. We want to make sure we educate the caregiver. We want to educate the parents or the caregiver. We want to provide education on this disease process. We want to, we may need to refer the patient to a cardiologist and neurologist or a special education program. We love you guys; go out and be your best self today. And, as always, happy nursing.
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Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Process of Labor
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Nursing Care Plan for Newborn Reflexes
Nursing Case Study for Maternal Newborn
Nutrition Assessments
Nutrition in Pregnancy
Nutritional Requirements
OB (Labor) Nurse Report to OB (Postpartum) Nurses
OB Course Introduction
OB Non-Stress Test Results Nursing Mnemonic (NNN)
OB Pharm and What Drugs You HAVE to Know – Live Tutoring Archive
Obstetric Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Obstetrical Procedures
Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy
Oral Birth Control Pills – Serious Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Aches)
Oxytocin (Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Vital Signs (VS)
Physiological Changes
Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
Phytonadione (Vitamin K) for Newborn
Placenta Previa
Placenta Previa for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Possible Infections During Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (TORCH)
Post-Partum Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (BUBBLE)
Postpartum Discomforts
Postpartum Hematoma
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Postpartum Interventions
Postpartum Physiological Maternal Changes
Postpartum Thrombophlebitis
Precipitous Labor
Preeclampsia (45 min)
Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Preeclampsia: Signs, Symptoms, Nursing Care, and Magnesium Sulfate
Pregnancy Labs
Pregnancy Outcomes Nursing Mnemonic (GTPAL)
Preload and Afterload
Premature Rupture of the Membranes (PROM)
Preterm Labor
Preterm Labor for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Probable Signs of Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP BUGS)
Process of Labor
Process of Labor – Mom Nursing Mnemonic (4 P’s)
Process of Labor – Baby Nursing Mnemonic (ALPPPS)
Process of Labor – Live Tutoring Archive
Process of Labor 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Promethazine (Phenergan) Nursing Considerations
Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins in Pregnancy
Protein (PROT) Lab Values
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Rh Immune Globulin (Rhogam)
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
Signs of Pregnancy – Live Tutoring Archive
Signs of Pregnancy (Presumptive, Probable, Positive)
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing Considerations
Stages of Fetal Development Nursing Mnemonic (Proficiently Expanding Fetus)
Subinvolution
Terbutaline (Brethine) Nursing Considerations
Threatened/Spontaneous Abortion for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Tips & Advice for Newborns (Neonatal IV Insertion)
Tocolytics
Tocolytics
Top 5 Misunderstood OB Concepts – Live Tutoring Archive
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Umbilical Cord Vasculature Nursing Mnemonic (2A1V)
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin)
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
VEAL CHOP Nursing Mnemonic (Fetal Accelerations and Decelerations) (VEAL CHOP)
What the Heck is Antepartum Testing? – Live Tutoring Archive
Abdomen (Abdominal) Assessment
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation-The Basics
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Oxygenation
ABGs Nursing Normal Lab Values
ABGs Tic-Tac-Toe interpretation Method
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Nursing Considerations
Acute Bronchitis
Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
Airborne Precaution Diseases Nursing Mnemonic (MTV)
Albuterol (Ventolin) Nursing Considerations
Alveoli & Atelectasis
Amoxicillin (Amoxil) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Antivirals
Anti-Infective – Macrolides
Anti-Infective – Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Anti-Infective – Fluoroquinolones
Appendicitis
Appendicitis – Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)
Appendicitis Case Study (Peds) (30 min)
Appendicitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Assessment of a Burn Nursing Mnemonic (SCALD)
Asthma
Asthma Concept Map
Asthma management Nursing Mnemonic (ASTHMA)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Base Excess & Deficit
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Nursing Considerations
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
Blood Type O Nursing Mnemonic (Universally Odd)
Bronchiolitis and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Bronchodilators
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Nursing Considerations
Burn Injuries
Burn Injury Case Study (60 min)
Burns for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Cardiac Glycosides
Care of the Pediatric Patient
Casting & Splinting
Cefaclor (Ceclor) Nursing Considerations
Celiac Disease
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Nursing Considerations
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Nursing Considerations
Cleft Lip and Palate
Cleft Lip Repair – Post Op Care Nursing Mnemonic (CLEFT LIP)
Clubfoot
Congenital Heart Defects (CHD)
Conjunctivitis
Constipation and Encopresis (Incontinence)
Corticosteroids
Coumarins
Cyanotic Defects Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 T’s)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Day in the Life of a NICU Nurse
Day in the Life of a Peds (Pediatric) Nurse
Defects of Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Defects of Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Dehydration
Diarrhea – Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (BRAT)
Digoxin (Lanoxin) Nursing Considerations
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Nursing Considerations
Diphenoxylate-Atropine (Lomotil) Nursing Considerations
Eczema
EENT Assessment
Enuresis
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (AIR RAID)
Epispadias and Hypospadias
Famotidine (Pepcid) Nursing Considerations
Fever
Fever Case Study (Pediatric) (30 min)
Flu Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (FACTS)
Fluid Compartments
Fluid Pressures
Fluid Shifts (Ascites) (Pleural Effusion)
Fluid Volume Deficit
Fluticasone (Flonase) Nursing Considerations
Gas Exchange
Gentamicin (Garamycin) Nursing Considerations
Glucose Lab Values
Gluten Free Diet Nursing Mnemonic (BROW)
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) Nursing Considerations
Heart Sounds Nursing Mnemonic (APE To Man – All People Enjoy Time Magazine)
Hematocrit (Hct) Lab Values
Hemoglobin (Hbg) Lab Values
Hemophilia
Hierarchy of O2 Delivery
Hydrocephalus
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms (in Pediatrics) Nursing Mnemonic (FINES)
Ibuprofen (Motrin) Nursing Considerations
Immunizations (Vaccinations)
Imperforate Anus
Impetigo
Indomethacin (Indocin) Nursing Considerations
Influenza – Flu
Integumentary (Skin) Assessment
Intussusception
Intussusception for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Isolation Precaution Types (PPE)
Isolation Precautions (MRSA, C. Difficile, Meningitis, Pertussis, Tuberculosis, Neutropenia)
Lactulose (Generlac) Nursing Considerations
Leukemia
Levels of Consciousness (LOC)
Levetiracetam (Keppra) Nursing Considerations
Lung Sounds
Marfan Syndrome
Meningitis
Meningitis Assessment Findings Nursing Mnemonic (FAN LIPS)
Meningitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Methylphenidate (Concerta) Nursing Considerations
Mixed (Cardiac) Heart Defects
Mumps
Nephroblastoma
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Neuro Assessment
NSAIDs
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Bronchitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Appendicitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Burn Injury (First, Second, Third degree)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Celiac Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cleft Lip / Cleft Palate
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Clubfoot
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congenital Heart Defects
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cystic Fibrosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Decreased Cardiac Output
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dehydration & Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eczema (Infantile or Childhood) / Atopic Dermatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Epiglottitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hemophilia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impaired Gas Exchange
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Imperforate Anus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impetigo
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Infective Conjunctivitis / Pink Eye
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Influenza
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Intussusception
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Marfan Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meningitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mumps
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neural Tube Defect, Spina Bifida
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Omphalocele
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Otitis Media / Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pediculosis Capitis / Head Lice
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pertussis / Whooping Cough
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Reye’s Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatic Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rubeola – Measles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Scoliosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sickle Cell Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Tonsillitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Varicella / Chickenpox
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Vomiting / Diarrhea
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nursing Case Study for Pediatric Asthma
Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects
Ocular Infections (Conjunctivitis, Iritis) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Omphalocele
Opioid Analgesics
Pancrelipase (Pancreaze) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Bronchiolitis Labs
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Dysfunction – Diarrhea
Pediatric Oncology Basics
Pediatrics Course Introduction
Pediculosis Capitis
Pertussis – Whooping Cough
Phenylketonuria
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Nursing Considerations
Platelets (PLT) Lab Values
Pneumonia
Promotion and Evaluation of Normal Elimination Nursing Mnemonic (POOPER SCOOP)
Pulmonary Function Test
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Lab Values
Respiratory Acidosis (interpretation and nursing interventions)
Reye’s Syndrome
Reyes Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Rheumatic Fever
ROME – ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation
Rubeola – Measles
Salmeterol (Serevent) Nursing Considerations
Scoliosis
Selegiline (Eldepyrl) Nursing Considerations
Sickle Cell Anemia
Spina Bifida – Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
Steroids – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (6 S’s)
Stoma Care (Colostomy bag)
Strabismus
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sympathomimetics (Alpha (Clonodine) & Beta (Albuterol) Agonists)
Thorax and Lungs Assessment
Tonsillitis
Topical Medications
Tracheal Esophageal Fistula – Sign and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 C’s)
Transient Incontinence – Common Causes Nursing Mnemonic (P-DIAPERS)
Treatment of Sickle Cell Nursing Mnemonic (HOP to the hospital)
Umbilical Hernia
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Measles, Mumps, Pertussis, Chicken Pox, Diphtheria) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Varicella – Chickenpox
Varicella Case Study (Peds) (30 min)
Vitals (VS) and Assessment
Vomiting
White Blood Cell (WBC) Lab Values
X-Ray (Xray)
ADLs (Activity of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (BATTED)
Emotions and Motivation
Growth & Development Theories
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Nursing
Psychological Disorders
State of Consciousness
Stress and Crisis