Fertilization and Implantation
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Study Tools For Fertilization and Implantation
Stages of Ovulation and Fertilization (Image)
Fertilization Sperm to Ovum (Image)
Fertilization Blastocyst (Image)
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Outline
Overview
- Fertilization: when ovum and sperm unite in fallopian tube to form a zygote
- Implantation: when zygote travels from fallopian tube to uterus and implants itself into the thickened uterine wall
Nursing Points
General
- Fertilization
- Once one sperm successfully fertilizes the ovum, the outer membrane of the ovum polarizes and repels any other sperm from trying to fertilize
- So we don’t have too much genetic information
- Ovum carries half of the genetics from the mother and the sperm carries half of the father =1 set of chromosomes for the baby
- Each ovum and each sperm contains 23 chromosomes
- The union of egg and sperm become a zygote
- Once one sperm successfully fertilizes the ovum, the outer membrane of the ovum polarizes and repels any other sperm from trying to fertilize
- Implantation
- Considered the moment of true ‘conception’
- Zygote divides into a ball of cells→ blastocyst
- Blastocyst implants in the uterus
- If the blastocyst does not implant, it will not continue to grow and will be expelled vaginally
- Blastocyst
- Tells the corpus luteum to keep making progesterone → maintains the pregnancy→ thick vascular endometrial lining
- Supports the baby for the first 2-3 months until the placenta has been formed and takes over
Assessment
- Implantation bleeding
- Some patients, not all
- Temperature elevation
- Increased estrogen
Therapeutic Management
- No real management necessary
- Pregnancy test once a missed period occurs
Nursing Concepts
- Reproduction
- Hormone Regulation
- Human Development
Patient Education
- Temperature tracking if trying to detect ovulation
- When to take a pregnancy test
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Transcript
In this lesson I will explain the fertilization and implantation process.
Let’s look at fertilization compared to implantation. Fertilization is going to occur in the fallopian tube. Fertilization occurs when one sperm successfully fertilizes the ovum or egg. So when fertilization occurs the outer layer of the ovum will polarizes and repel any other sperm from trying to fertilize. This is important because we don’t want to have too much genetic information. One ovum has 23 chromosomes from the mother so that is half. One sperm will carry 23 other chromosomes, the other half. So when they unite we get our total of 46 chromosomes. If we had an extra sperm fertilize then we would have way too much genetic information and that wouldn’t be good or helpful. When the fertilization occurs it becomes a zygote. Now that fertilization has occurred let’s talk about implantation which is the next step. So the zygote is going to travel through the fallopian tube to get to the uterus. The uterus is the site of implantation. While the zygote travels there will be a lot of cell division occuring. When the zygote divides into a ball of cells it is now called a blastocyst. Remember “B” ball and “B” blastocyst. The blastocyst is what implants in the uterus. It will bury itself into the endometrial lining. When implantation happens this is true ‘conception’. The patient has conceived. If the blastocyst does not implant, it will not continue to grow and will be expelled vaginally. Conception has not occured. The blastocyst will tell the corpus luteum to keep making progesterone. The progesterone will maintain the pregnancy and cause the endometrial lining to thicken and support the pregnancy. So looking at this image we have the ovary here and the ovum or egg is released. Here come the sperm to fertilize. One of these sperm fertilize and now we have a zygote. That zygote is going to travel down the fallopian tube. While this is happening there is cell division occurring. At the end of cell division we have a ball of cells that is the blastocyst. The blastocyst will then implant into the uterus.
Let’s look at assessment. So there isn’t going to be a whole lot to assess on this patient at this time, but the patient might experience Implantation bleeding. This is usually very light spotting and happens because if you remember that blastocyst has to dig and bury itself into the uterine lining. This could cause a little spotting to occur. The other assessment piece will be for the patients that are doing the temperature tracking to detect their ovulation will see that there temperature stays elevated. This is because of the Increased estrogen.
There will be not be any real management necessary for this patient. She will have more management as the pregnancy progresses so for now it will just be a pregnancy test once the missed period occurs showing that fertilization and implantation has occurred.
There is also not going to be a lot of education at this point, but if the patient is using temperature tracking to detect ovulation and pregnancy. Refer to the lesson on family planning for more information on this. Other education might be when to take a pregnancy test. Pregnancy tests won’t detect a pregnancy usually until a missed period has occurred. This allows times of the hCG to rise.
Our nursing concepts are reproduction, hormone regulation, and human development. Reproduction has taken place with fertilization and implantation and now human development will occur. All of this will revolve around hormones.
Ok so now let’s look at our key points to review. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube and is when the sperm reaches the ovum. Remember 1 sperm to 1 ovum which will give us 46 chromosomes. It is now called a zygote. The zygote will have cell division and become a ball of cells. Remember this ball of cell is now called a blastocyst. This blastocyst will travel to the uterus for implantation into the uterus. She has now conceived!
Make sure you check out the resources attached to this lesson and review the route of the sperm to the egg and egg to the uterus. Now, go out and be your best selves today. And, as always, happy nursing.
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Meningitis Assessment Findings Nursing Mnemonic (FAN LIPS)
Meningitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Methylphenidate (Concerta) Nursing Considerations
Mixed (Cardiac) Heart Defects
Mumps
Nephroblastoma
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Neuro Assessment
NSAIDs
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Bronchitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Appendicitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Burn Injury (First, Second, Third degree)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Celiac Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cleft Lip / Cleft Palate
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Clubfoot
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congenital Heart Defects
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cystic Fibrosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Decreased Cardiac Output
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dehydration & Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eczema (Infantile or Childhood) / Atopic Dermatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Epiglottitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hemophilia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impaired Gas Exchange
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Imperforate Anus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impetigo
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Infective Conjunctivitis / Pink Eye
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Influenza
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Intussusception
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Marfan Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meningitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mumps
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neural Tube Defect, Spina Bifida
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Omphalocele
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Otitis Media / Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pediculosis Capitis / Head Lice
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pertussis / Whooping Cough
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Reye’s Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatic Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rubeola – Measles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Scoliosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sickle Cell Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Tonsillitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Varicella / Chickenpox
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Vomiting / Diarrhea
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nursing Case Study for Pediatric Asthma
Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects
Ocular Infections (Conjunctivitis, Iritis) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Omphalocele
Opioid Analgesics
Pancrelipase (Pancreaze) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Bronchiolitis Labs
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Dysfunction – Diarrhea
Pediatric Oncology Basics
Pediatrics Course Introduction
Pediculosis Capitis
Pertussis – Whooping Cough
Phenylketonuria
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Nursing Considerations
Platelets (PLT) Lab Values
Pneumonia
Promotion and Evaluation of Normal Elimination Nursing Mnemonic (POOPER SCOOP)
Pulmonary Function Test
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Lab Values
Respiratory Acidosis (interpretation and nursing interventions)
Reye’s Syndrome
Reyes Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Rheumatic Fever
ROME – ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation
Rubeola – Measles
Salmeterol (Serevent) Nursing Considerations
Scoliosis
Selegiline (Eldepyrl) Nursing Considerations
Sickle Cell Anemia
Spina Bifida – Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
Steroids – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (6 S’s)
Stoma Care (Colostomy bag)
Strabismus
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sympathomimetics (Alpha (Clonodine) & Beta (Albuterol) Agonists)
Thorax and Lungs Assessment
Tonsillitis
Topical Medications
Tracheal Esophageal Fistula – Sign and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 C’s)
Transient Incontinence – Common Causes Nursing Mnemonic (P-DIAPERS)
Treatment of Sickle Cell Nursing Mnemonic (HOP to the hospital)
Umbilical Hernia
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Measles, Mumps, Pertussis, Chicken Pox, Diphtheria) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Varicella – Chickenpox
Varicella Case Study (Peds) (30 min)
Vitals (VS) and Assessment
Vomiting
White Blood Cell (WBC) Lab Values
X-Ray (Xray)
ADLs (Activity of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (BATTED)
Emotions and Motivation
Growth & Development Theories
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Nursing
Psychological Disorders
State of Consciousness
Stress and Crisis