Anti-Platelet Aggregate
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Outline
Overview
- Overview
- Purpose
- Prevent the formation of thrombi, aka thrombo-prevention
- Mechanism of Action
- Most common pathway: Cyclooxygenase inhibition
- Basically, operates within platelets and BV walls
- Prevents formation of TXA2
- Causes BV to constrict & platelets to aggregate
- There are various pathways
- Clotting factors VII, IX, X
- Most common pathway: Cyclooxygenase inhibition
- Purpose
- Indications
- Stroke risk reduction
- Stroke prophylaxis
- Acute unstable MI
- Thromboembolic complications
- Thromboembolic disorders
- Post-MI thrombo-prevention
- PCI (angioplasty)
- Types
- Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
- Abcimab
- Eptifibitide
- Tirofiban
- Aggregation Inhibitors / Vasodilators
- Treprostinil
- Aggregation Inhibitors
- Cilostazol
- Clopidogrel
- Miscellaneous
- Anagrelide
- Dipyridamole
- Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
- Contraindications
- Drug allergy
- Thrombocytopenia
- Active bleeding
- Leukemia
- Traumatic injury
- GI ulcer
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Recent stroke
- Interactions
A. Heparin
B. Oral antidiabetic drugs
C. Dipyridamole
D. Steroids
- Side Effects
A. Aspirin
1. CNS
a. Drowsiness
b. Dizziness
c. Confusion
d. Flushing
2. GI
a. N / V / D
b. GI Bleeding
c. Heartburn
3. Hematologic
a. Thrombocytopenia
b. Leukopenia
c. Anemia
d. Bleeding
B. Clopidogrel
1. Cardiovascular
a. Chest pain, HTN, edema
2. CNS
a. Flulike symptoms
b. Headache
c. Dizziness
d. Fatigue
3. GI
a. Abdominal pain
b. Dyspepsia
c. Diarrhea
d. Nausea
4. Miscellaneous
a. Epistaxis
b. Rash
C. GP IIb / IIIa Inhibitors
1. Bleedings
2. Bradycardia
3. Dizziness
4. Edema
5. Leg pain
6. Pelvic pain
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Transcript
Welcome back and today we are going to discuss anti-platelet aggregrates.
Alright, let’s do a quick review. The purpose of anti-platelet aggregates is thrombus prevention. Now don’t get them confused with dissolve current clots. These simply prevent FUTURE thrombus formation.
The mechanism of actions is the inhibition of Cyclooxygenase. Basically it works within the platelet and BV walls to dilate and prevent platelet grouping. It also prevents the formation of TXA2, which has prothrombotic properties.
Alright, let’s do a quick review. The purpose of anti-platelet aggregates is thrombus prevention. Now don’t get them confused with dissolve current clots. These simply prevent FUTURE thrombus formation. The mechanisms of actions are the inhibition of Cyclooxygenase. Basically it works within the platelet and BV walls to dilate and prevent platelet grouping.
Types of anti-platelet aggregates include glycoprotein inhibitors, aggregation inhibitors, aggregation inhibitors with vasodilation properties and miscellaneous. An easy way to remember this is GAAM.
Anti-platlet contraindications are plentiful and include drug allergies, thrombocytopenia, active bleeding, leukemia, traumatic injury, GI ulcer, vitamin K deficiency, and a recent stroke. All of which are side effects of the very drug class. So, we wouldn’t want a patient who is at risk of bleeding receiving a drug that will exacerbate that condition. We want therapeutic responses in the right settings.
Heparin + glycoproteins = increased bleeding potential, oral antidiabetic drugs + aspirin = uncontrolled BG results, dipyridamole + anti-platelet aggregates = increase bleeding potential, and lastly steroids + aspirin = increased risk for GI ulceration. Any easy way to remember this is HODS.
Aspirin side effects include hematologic (thrombocytopenia, anemia, bleeding), GI (N/V/D), GI bleeding, heartburn, and CNS (drowsiness, dizziness, confusion).
Clopidogrel side effects include GI (abdominal pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, nausea), CNS (headache, dizziness, fatigue), and cardiovascular (chest pain, HTN, and edema).
Glycoprotein inhibitor side effects include bleeding, bradycardia, dizziness, edema, leg, and pelvic pain, along with edema.
Nursing priorities for a patient taking anti-platelet aggregates include clotting and pharmacology.
Indications include stroke risk reduction, stroke prophylaxis, MI, thromboembolic complications and disorders, along with PCI (angioplasty). Types of anti-platelet aggregates include glycoprotein inhibitors, aggregation inhibitors, aggregation inhibitors with vasodilation properties and miscellaneous (GAAM). Anti-platelet contraindications are plentiful and include drug allergies, thrombocytopenia, active bleeding, leukemia, traumatic injury, GI ulcer, vitamin K deficiency, and a recent stroke. Interactions include heparin, oral antidiabetic drugs, dipyridamole and steroids (HODS). Side effects are extensive but focus on CNS (headache, dizziness drowsiness), Heme (thrombocytopenia, bleeding), GI (N/V/D, bleeding), and Other (leg and pelvic pain).
You know now the important details regarding anti-platelet aggregates. Now, go out and be your best self today and as always, Happy Nursing!
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Meningitis
Meningitis Assessment Findings Nursing Mnemonic (FAN LIPS)
Meningitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Methylphenidate (Concerta) Nursing Considerations
Mixed (Cardiac) Heart Defects
Mumps
Nephroblastoma
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Neuro Assessment
NSAIDs
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Bronchitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Appendicitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Burn Injury (First, Second, Third degree)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Celiac Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cleft Lip / Cleft Palate
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Clubfoot
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congenital Heart Defects
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cystic Fibrosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Decreased Cardiac Output
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dehydration & Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eczema (Infantile or Childhood) / Atopic Dermatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Epiglottitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hemophilia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impaired Gas Exchange
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Imperforate Anus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impetigo
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Infective Conjunctivitis / Pink Eye
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Influenza
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Intussusception
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Marfan Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meningitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mumps
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neural Tube Defect, Spina Bifida
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Omphalocele
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Otitis Media / Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pediculosis Capitis / Head Lice
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pertussis / Whooping Cough
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Reye’s Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatic Fever
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rubeola – Measles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Scoliosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sickle Cell Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Tonsillitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Varicella / Chickenpox
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Vomiting / Diarrhea
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nursing Case Study for Pediatric Asthma
Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects
Ocular Infections (Conjunctivitis, Iritis) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Omphalocele
Opioid Analgesics
Pancrelipase (Pancreaze) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Bronchiolitis Labs
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Dysfunction – Diarrhea
Pediatric Oncology Basics
Pediatrics Course Introduction
Pediculosis Capitis
Pertussis – Whooping Cough
Phenylketonuria
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Nursing Considerations
Platelets (PLT) Lab Values
Pneumonia
Promotion and Evaluation of Normal Elimination Nursing Mnemonic (POOPER SCOOP)
Pulmonary Function Test
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Lab Values
Respiratory Acidosis (interpretation and nursing interventions)
Reye’s Syndrome
Reyes Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Rheumatic Fever
ROME – ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation
Rubeola – Measles
Salmeterol (Serevent) Nursing Considerations
Scoliosis
Selegiline (Eldepyrl) Nursing Considerations
Sickle Cell Anemia
Spina Bifida – Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
Steroids – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (6 S’s)
Stoma Care (Colostomy bag)
Strabismus
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sympathomimetics (Alpha (Clonodine) & Beta (Albuterol) Agonists)
Thorax and Lungs Assessment
Tonsillitis
Topical Medications
Tracheal Esophageal Fistula – Sign and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 C’s)
Transient Incontinence – Common Causes Nursing Mnemonic (P-DIAPERS)
Treatment of Sickle Cell Nursing Mnemonic (HOP to the hospital)
Umbilical Hernia
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Measles, Mumps, Pertussis, Chicken Pox, Diphtheria) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Varicella – Chickenpox
Varicella Case Study (Peds) (30 min)
Vitals (VS) and Assessment
Vomiting
White Blood Cell (WBC) Lab Values
X-Ray (Xray)
ADLs (Activity of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (BATTED)
Emotions and Motivation
Growth & Development Theories
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Nursing
Psychological Disorders
State of Consciousness
Stress and Crisis