Hypoglycemia
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Study Tools For Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia Management (Mnemonic)
Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms (Mnemonic)
Diabetes Pathochart (Cheatsheet)
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Outline
Overview
- Hypoglycemia
- Low blood sugar <70
- Not enough energy for body function
Nursing Points
General
- Blood sugar regulation
- Pancreas
- Releases insulin
- Insulin moves glucose into cells
- Liver
- Breaks down stored glycogen
- Gluconeogenesis=glucose produced from non-carbs (reserves in body)
- Glucose ready to use
- Pancreas
- Alterations in blood sugar
- Sepsis
- Impairs gluconeogenesis
- Higher insulin release
- Alcohol
- Inhibits gluconeogenesis
- Medications
- Insulin
- Metformin
- Glipizide
- Over exertion
- Sepsis
Assessment
- Presentation
- Sweaty
- Shaky
- Double vision
- Seizures
- Confusion/loss of consiousness
- Death
- Check blood sugar level
- Glucometer
- Lab work
Therapeutic Management
- Monitor blood sugar
- Low (<70)
- If conscious ->PO glucose, juice, food
- If unconscious ->IV glucagon
- Recheck blood sugar 15 minutes later
- Low (<70)
- ALWAYS double verify insulin
Nursing Concepts
- Glucose metabolism
- Break down of carbs
- Break down of reserves
- Glucose for body functions
- Lab values
- Blood sugar level
- Nutrition
- Balanced diet
- Diabetics
- Count carbs
- Take insulin with meals
Patient Education
- Eat well balanced diet
- Do not fast
- Diabetics -> check blood sugar levels regularly
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Related Nursing Process (ADPIE) Lessons for Hypoglycemia
Transcript
Hey guys! Welcome to the lesson on hypoglycemia!
Hypoglycemia is where the blood sugar is too low. Our body needs glucose to function, so if there isn’t enough, our body will begin to slow down and eventually shut down. Let’s explore how blood sugar is regulated in the body.
So, to understand hypoglycemia, you need to know how blood sugar is regulated in the body. The pancreas releases insulin to move glucose into the cells for the body to use. The liver breaks down stored glycogen. Gluconeogenesis is the process of producing glucose from non-carbs when the body needs it. This happens if you’re not eating enough carbs, or you haven’t eaten in a while. Next let’s discuss alterations in the blood sugar levels.
So sometimes things cause our blood sugar to decrease to the point where our body cells aren’t getting the energy that they need for body function. Sepsis impairs gluconeogenesis and can cause higher insulin release. I actually had a patient that was septic and her blood sugars were ranging 15-30 even after treating the hypoglycemia multiple times. Alcohol can also inhibit the breakdown of reserves for energy, so diabetics have to carefully check blood sugars when drinking. Medications like insulin, metformin, and glipizide are meant to decrease the blood sugar levels to normal levels when taken correctly. Too much or not enough food with these medications can cause hypoglycemia to occur. If we over exert ourselves by using more energy than our body has available, we may experience hypoglycemia. Next let’s talk about what this patient will look like.
The patient with hypoglycemia may be sweaty and shaky and see double vision. This could result in seizures, confusion, loss of consciousness, and even death. Guys, remember that your patient may not have symptoms at all, and others may know right away that they have a low blood sugar because of the way they feel. Next let’s talk about how we check the blood glucose level.
Now, there are two ways to check a patient’s blood sugar level. Glucometers small devices that can check the glucose level with a drop of blood from the patient’s fingertip. The doctor may also order glucose lab work where blood is drawn from the vein. So, if your patient has a low blood sugar shown on the glucometer or lab value, you will need to give them glucose. If they are alert and able to eat, they may either be given PO glucose tabs, juice, or food. If they aren’t alert or able to eat, IV glucagon may be given. There have also been times where I had to do both, like with that septic patient with super low blood sugars. Also remember that you should ALWAYS get someone else to verify that your insulin is correct before you administer it to the patient. This helps to avoid errors that could result in hypoglycemia.
Our patient with hypoglycemia should be educated to eat a balanced diet, and avoid fasting. Diabetics need to check their blood sugars regularly with a glucometer at home. Some diabetic patients even have devices that attach to their side and let them know if their blood sugar is low.
The priority nursing concepts for the patient with hypoglycemia are glucose metabolism, lab values, and nutrition.
Let’s review the key points about hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is when the blood sugar is too low and the body is deficient in energy. Blood sugar is regulated by the pancreas and liver. The pancreas makes insulin which pushes the glucose into cells for use. The liver helps to breakdown non carbs into sugar for the body to use. Glucose levels may vary when the patient has sepsis or drink alcohol because they alter that gluconeogenesis process that occurs in the liver. Medications like insulin, metformin, and glipizide help lower the blood sugar in diabetics, but if taken too much or without food they could lower the blood sugar too far causing hypoglycemia. Exercising too much or not eating can also lead to low blood sugars. The hypoglycemic patient might be sweaty, shaky, or even have a seizure. They will eventually lose consciousness and die if the hypoglycemia isn’t treated. If a low blood sugar is suspected, a glucometer or lab draw may be used to check the level. If it is less than 70, we may give the patient glucose tabs, juice or food. If unconscious or unable to eat, we may administer IV glucagon to bring the sugar up. Make sure you recheck the blood sugar 15 minutes later if it was low.
I hope you have a clear understanding of hypoglycemia and how to manage it. Now go out and be your best self today, and as always, happy nursing!
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Alkalosis and Acidosis Nursing Mnemonic (Kick Up, Drop Down)
Blood Grouping
Blood Plasma
Blood Pressure (BP) Control
Breathing Control
Breathing Movements
Causes of Poor Gas Exchange Nursing Mnemonic (All People Can Value Lungs)
EKG (ECG) Waveforms
Electrolytes – Location in Body Nursing Mnemonic (PISO)
Electrolytes Involved in Cardiac (Heart) Conduction
Fluid & Electrolytes Course Introduction
Fluid Volume Deficit
Hyperkalemia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MACHINE)
Hyperkalemia – Management Nursing Mnemonic (AIRED)
Hyperkalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Murder)
Hypernatremia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MODEL)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit
Renal (Kidney) Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Renal (Kidney) Acid-Base Balance
Respiratory Functions of Blood
Tonicity of Solutions – Live Tutoring Archive
Trach Suctioning
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
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Mannitol (Osmitrol) Nursing Considerations
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The SOCK Method – Overview
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Heart Failure-Origin Nursing Mnemonic (Left – Lung|Right – Rest)
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Hypercalcemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (GROANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, OVERTONES)
Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (FRIED)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (SWINE)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SALT)
Hypertension – Nursing care Nursing Mnemonic (DIURETIC)
Hyperthermia (Thermoregulation)
Hypertonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypocalcemia – Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CATS)
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DIRE)
Hypokalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (6 L’s)
Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TIRED)
Hypoglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Cool and Clammy – Give ‘Em Candy)
Hyponatremia- Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SALT LOSS)
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypovolemic and Distributive Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (RAT BED)
Individualized Physical Assessments for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Informed Consent
Insulin Mnemonic (Ready, Set, Inject, Love)
Intake and Output (I&O)
Integumentary (Skin) Important Points
Interventions for Aphasia Nursing Mnemonic (PROP)
Intrarenal Causes of Acute Kidney Injury Nursing Mnemonic (TONIC)
Isoniazid (Niazid) Nursing Considerations
Leukemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANT)
Levels of consciousness Nursing Mnemonic (Never Carry Dirty Socks Or Smelly Clothes)
Losartan (Cozaar) Nursing Considerations
Macular Degeneration
Malignant Hyperthermia
Management of Pressure Ulcers (Pressure Injuries) Nursing Mnemonic (SKIN)
Management of Glomerulonephritis Nursing Mnemonic (Please Help Deliver Diuretics)
Mechanical Aids
Medication Classess for IBD Nursing Mnemonic (Sometimes I Can’t Answer)
Medications to Prevent Seizures Nursing Mnemonic (Pretty Little Liars Forever)
Meniere’s Disease
Metabolic Acidosis (interpretation and nursing diagnosis)
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Nursing Considerations
Mobility & Assistive Devices
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Naproxen (Aleve) Nursing Considerations
Neurogenic Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cirrhosis (Liver Disease, Hepatic encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cushings Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Distributive Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Epididymitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hepatitis (Liver Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Herpes Simplex (HSV, STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Meningitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Osteomyelitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pulmonary Edema
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rhabdomyolysis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sepsis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIRS & MODS
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Tuberculosis (TB)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Endocarditis and Pericarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis (OA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Addison’s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aspiration
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchoscopy (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Emphysema
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Respiratory Failure
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Risk for Fall
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Skin cancer – Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Spinal Cord Injury
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thoracentesis (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombophlebitis / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombocytopenia
Nursing Care Plan for Amputation
Nursing Care Plan for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan for Distributive Shock
Nursing Case Study for Pneumonia
Nursing Case Study for Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Oncology Important Points
Oxygen Delivery Module Intro
Pain and Nonpharmacological Comfort Measures
Pain Assessment Questions Nursing Mnemonic (OPQRST)
Patient Consent for Treatment for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Patient Communication Techniques for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Patients with Communication Difficulties
Perioperative Nursing Course Introduction
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Pneumonia Concept Map
PPE Donning & Doffing
Pressure Ulcers/Pressure injuries (Braden scale)
Propylthiouracil (PTU) Nursing Considerations
Pulmonary edema treatment Nursing Mnemonic (MAD DOG)
Sepsis Concept Map
Sepsis Labs
Shock – Signs and symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TV SPARC CUBE)
Specialty Diets (Nutrition)
Stages of Hepatitis Nursing Mnemonic (PIP)
Strabismus
Stroke Assessment (CVA)
TB Drugs Nursing Mnemonic (RIPE)
The Medical Team
Thrombolytics
Toxicity Sepsis- Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 6 T’s)
Trach Care
Traction – Nursing Care Nursing Mnemonic (TRACTION)
Trauma – Assessment (Emergency) Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDEFGHI)
Types of Anemia Nursing Mnemonic (Always Introduce Special Patients)
Understanding Blood Pressure Meds! – Live Tutoring Archive
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Measles, Mumps, Pertussis, Chicken Pox, Diphtheria) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Vascular disease – Raynaud’s symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (COLD HAND)
Vasopressin
Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing Considerations
Who Needs Dialysis Nursing Mnemonic (AEIOU)
Wound Infections for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)