Fetal Circulation
You're watching a preview. 300,000+ students are watching the full lesson.
Master
To Master a topic you must score > 80% on the lesson quiz.
Take Quiz
Included In This Lesson
Study Tools For Fetal Circulation
Umbilical Cord Vasculature (Mnemonic)
Fetal Circulation (Cheatsheet)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (Image)
Fetal Circulation (Image)
Fetal Circulation (Picmonic)
NURSING.com students have a 99.25% NCLEX pass rate.
Outline
Overview
- Closed circulatory system
- Blood flow from mother goes to the placenta and nutrients are absorbed and oxygen diffused through fetal circulation via the umbilical cord to the fetus
Nursing Points
General
- Blood is carried to and from the placenta via the umbilical cord
- While it appears as 1 big vessel, there are 2 arteries and 1 vein within the umbilical cord
- AVA= 2 arteries, 1 vein
- While it appears as 1 big vessel, there are 2 arteries and 1 vein within the umbilical cord
- Oxygen and nutrient exchange occurs in the placenta
- Lungs and liver not fully functional; bypasses necessary to ensure adequate oxygenation
- Gas exchange does not occur via alveoli like normal in fetal lungs, they are filled with fluid.
- Because of this, there is high pressure and therefore high resistance in lungs, which plays a role in these bypasses.
Assessment
Bypasses:
- Ductus arteriosus
- Connects pulmonary artery and aorta, bypasses lungs
- Blood moves from right ventricle to pulmonary artery then through ductus to aorta to bypass the lungs
- Foramen ovale
- Connects left and right atrium in the heart, bypasses lungs
- Blood shunts R → L
- Ductus venosus
- Shunts blood from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava → bypasses liver
- Critical for quickly shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain
Therapeutic Management
- Ensure umbilical veins have good blood flow by ultrasound visualization
- These bypasses and adaptations should close on their own after birth
- If they do not, the newborn could have difficulties with perfusion and oxygenation
- Refer to Congenital Heart Defects lesson
- Murmurs
- Newborn may require support
- Refer to Congenital Heart Defects lesson
Nursing Concepts
- Reproduction
- Perfusion
- Human Development
Patient Education
- Heart murmurs can be normal for the first 24 hours post delivery due to ducts closing
Unlock the Complete Study System
Used by 300,000+ nursing students. 99.25% NCLEX pass rate.
- Full lesson outlines
- NCLEX simulator (SIMCLEX)
- 6,500+ practice questions
- 2,000+ lesson videos
- 300+ cheatsheets
200% NCLEX Pass Guarantee.
No Contract. Cancel Anytime.
ADPIE Related Lessons
Related Nursing Process (ADPIE) Lessons for Fetal Circulation
Transcript
In this lesson I will explain how fetal circulation works in utero and how this transition occurs once the baby is born.
So let’s understand some of the big picture before we break it down. It is a closed circulatory system. So this means the maternal blood doesn’t mix with the fetal blood. So how does this happen? The nutrients from the maternal blood supply at the uterus is absorbed. So the oxygen and nutrients will now diffuse through fetal circulation by the umbilical cord to the fetus. Ok so now this umbilical cord. Remember AVA. There are two arteries and one vein. Now if you ask me it seems a little backwards on their role so let’s look at that. The two small arteries are taking waste and deoxygenated blood away from the fetus and the veins are taking oxygen rich blood to the fetus. With fetal circulation there are little bypasses throughout because the fetus doesn’t need blood to go places like the lungs and liver. So the bypasses move the blood around and get oxygenated blood where it needs to go quickly. And the last big picture point is that gas exchange does not occur by the alveoli because they are filled with fluid. They don’t need to breathe to exchange oxygen and the fluid that is there creates a high pressure and therefore high resistance in lungs, which plays a role in these bypasses that we will discuss.
Ok so now onto these bypasses. The first is the ductus arteriosus. This one connects the pulmonary artery and aorta. Blood will move from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery then through ductus to aorta and this will bypass the fetal lungs. In this image you can see here is the ductus and blood is moved from the pulmonary artery to the aorta to bypass the lungs.
The foramen ovale will connect the left and right atrium. So blood is shunted from the right to the left and this will also bypass the lungs. In this image you can see the foramen ovale is here so blood is shunted from the right atrium to left and bypass the pulmonary artery and lungs.
Our final bypass is the ductus venosus. Here blood is shunted from the umbilical vein up into the inferior vena cava so this will bypass the liver. Bypassing the liver is critical to get oxygenated blood to the fetal brain quickly. So in this image you see blood is coming through the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, which will bypass the liver taking oxygenated blood to the heart and quickly through the body.
For management of this patient we want to assess on ultrasound that proper circulation is occurring and that there is good blood flow through the umbilical veins. After birth we want to ensure that these bypasses and adaptations have closed on their own after birth. Usually by 24 hours they have. If they do not then the newborn could have difficulties with perfusion and oxygenation. Murmurs are normal so reassuring families that if a murmur is heard in the first 24 hours it is usually because these pathways are closing. For more information on when these pathways do not close refer to the Congenital Heart Defects lesson. Murmurs will really be the only education is on murmurs after delivery if they are present. Fetal circulation is a difficult topic for a nonmedical parent to understand so they do not need to be educated on so many details.
Our nursing concepts are reproduction, perfusion because it is cardiac and human development because all of this is part of development.
Ok so I don’t know about you but I think the heart is fascinating but also confusing and especially in fetal circulation so let’s review. The umbilical cord has 2 arteries and 1 vein. Remember AVA. The arteries carry the deoxygenated, nutrient depleted blood from the fetus to the mother for waste removal. The 1 vein brings the oxygenated nutrient rich blood to the fetus. For the ductus arteriosus blood moves from right ventricle to pulmonary artery then through ductus to aorta to bypass the lungs. With the foramen ovale the blood is shunted right to left between the atriums and bypasses the lungs. With the ductus venosus there is shunting from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava and this bypasses liver. And last the lungs. It is important to remember that they do not do the gas exchange. This is done at the placenta.
Make sure you check out the resources attached to this lesson and review all these pathways. Sometimes drawing it out with arrows pointing to the direction of the blood flow can help commit it to memory. Now, go out and be your best selves today. And, as always, happy nursing.
Study Faster with Full Video Transcripts
99.25% NCLEX Pass Rate vs 88.8% National Average
- Full lesson outlines
- NCLEX simulator (SIMCLEX)
- 6,500+ practice questions
- 2,000+ lesson videos
- 300+ cheatsheets
200% NCLEX Pass Guarantee.
No Contract. Cancel Anytime.
🎉 Special Offer 🎉
Nursing School Doesn't Have To Be So Hard
Go from discouraged and stressed to motivated and passionate
NCLEX POA
Concepts Covered:
- Studying
- Urinary System
- Hematologic System
- Circulatory System
- Respiratory System
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Basics of Human Biology
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Test Taking Strategies
- Adult
- Medication Administration
- Microbiology
- Cardiac Disorders
- Anxiety Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Intraoperative Nursing
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Immunological Disorders
- Concepts of Pharmacology
- Vascular Disorders
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Neurological
- Postoperative Nursing
- Upper GI Disorders
- Bipolar Disorders
- Psychotic Disorders
- Nervous System
- Prenatal Concepts
- Learning Pharmacology
- Metabolism
- Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
- Hematology
- Basics of Chemistry
- Concepts of Population Health
- Factors Influencing Community Health
- Community Health Overview
- Legal and Ethical Issues
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Emergency Care of the Neurological Patient
- Emergency Care of the Respiratory Patient
- Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
- Emergency Care of the Trauma Patient
- Delegation
- Health & Stress
- Developmental Considerations
- Childhood Growth and Development
- Prenatal and Neonatal Growth and Development
- Developmental Theories
- Trauma-Stress Disorders
- Writing
- Basic
- Pregnancy Risks
- Labor Complications
- Newborn Complications
- Newborn Care
- Postpartum Complications
- Fetal Development
- Postpartum Care
- Labor and Delivery
- Terminology
- Med Term Basic
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Hematologic Disorders
- Oncology Disorders
- Infectious Respiratory Disorder
- Integumentary Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- EENT Disorders
- Respiratory Emergencies
- Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Lower GI Disorders
- Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Shock
- Renal Disorders
- Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Disorders of Thermoregulation
- Preoperative Nursing
- Integumentary Important Points
- Neurological Emergencies
- Male Reproductive Disorders
- Urinary Disorders
- Renal and Urinary Disorders
- Neurological Trauma
- Communication
- Perioperative Nursing Roles
- EENT Disorders
- Infectious Disease Disorders
Study Plan Lessons
Alkalosis and Acidosis Nursing Mnemonic (Kick Up, Drop Down)
Blood Grouping
Blood Plasma
Blood Pressure (BP) Control
Breathing Control
Breathing Movements
Causes of Poor Gas Exchange Nursing Mnemonic (All People Can Value Lungs)
EKG (ECG) Waveforms
Electrolytes – Location in Body Nursing Mnemonic (PISO)
Electrolytes Involved in Cardiac (Heart) Conduction
Fluid & Electrolytes Course Introduction
Fluid Volume Deficit
Hyperkalemia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MACHINE)
Hyperkalemia – Management Nursing Mnemonic (AIRED)
Hyperkalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Murder)
Hypernatremia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MODEL)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit
Renal (Kidney) Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Renal (Kidney) Acid-Base Balance
Respiratory Functions of Blood
Tonicity of Solutions – Live Tutoring Archive
Trach Suctioning
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Anti-Platelet Aggregate
Antianxiety Meds
Antidepressants
Barbiturates
Buspirone (Buspar) Nursing Considerations
Cefdinir (Omnicef) Nursing Considerations
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) Nursing Considerations
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Nursing Considerations
Drug Interactions Nursing Mnemonic (These Drugs Can Interact)
Hydralazine
IM Injections
Injectable Medications
Insulin
Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
Insulin Mixing
Interactive Pharmacology Practice
IV Infusions (Solutions)
IV Push Medications
Maintenance of the IV
Mannitol (Osmitrol) Nursing Considerations
Medication Errors
Meperidine (Demerol) Nursing Considerations
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Nursing Considerations
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Mood Stabilizers
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Nursing Considerations
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
SubQ Injections
The SOCK Method – Overview
Introduction to Metabolism
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Antiviral Agents for Treatment
Hb (Hepatitis) Vaccine
Infection or Inflammation? The Quick & Dirty on CBCs – Live Tutoring Archive
Infection or Inflammation? The Quick & Dirty on CBCs 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Infection Stages
Key Nutrients in the Prevention of Chronic Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Infection
Tonicity of Solutions – Live Tutoring Archive
Viruses & Fungi
Scientific Notation & Measurement
Care for Asian-Indian Patient Populations
Care for Hispanic Patient Populations
Care for Native American Patient Populations
Care of Vulnerable Populations
Caring for African Patient Populations
Child Abuse/Neglect – Warning Signs Nursing Mnemonic (CHILD ABUSE)
Communicable Diseases
Community Health Course Introduction
Community Health Tool Nursing Mnemonic (MAP-IT)
Continuity of Care
Cultural Care
Environmental Health
Epidemiology
Fire and Electrical Safety
Health Promotion & Disease Prevention
High Risk Behavior Nursing Mnemonic (HEADSS)
Levels of Prevention
Planning Community Health Interventions Nursing Mnemonic (PRECEDE-PROCEED)
Technology & Informatics
Program Planning
1st Degree AV Heart Block
Acute Confusion
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Acute Respiratory Distress
Aneurysm & Dissection
Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib)
Calling for RRT, Code Blue
Crush Injuries
Delegation of Tasks to Assistive Personnel for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Drugs for Bradycardia & Low Blood Pressure Nursing Mnemonic (IDEA)
Dysrhythmia Emergencies
EKG Basics – Live Tutoring Archive
Fall and Injury Prevention
Heart (Heart) Failure Exacerbation
Hypertension (HTN) Concept Map
Hypertensive Emergency
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Legal & Ethical Issues in ER
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
Pulmonary Embolism
Rapid Sequence Intubation
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)
Safety Check Nursing Mnemonic (MADLE)
Stress and Crisis
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Trauma – Complications Nursing Mnemonic (TRAUMATIC)
Ventricular Fibrillation (V Fib)
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)
Aggressive & Violent Patients
Cultural Awareness and Influences on Development
Developmental Stages and Milestones
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
Handling Death and Dying
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Overview of Childhood Growth & Development
Overview of Developmental Theories
Growth and Development – Prenatal
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Vocabulary
Brief CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) Overview
Abortion in Nursing: Spontaneous, Induced, and Missed
Abruptio Placentae (Placental abruption)
Acyclovir (Zovirax) Nursing Considerations
Addicted Newborn
Antepartum Testing
Babies by Term
Betamethasone and Dexamethasone
Bicarbonate (HCO3) Lab Values
Blood Cultures
Blood Transfusions (Administration)
Cardiac (Heart) Disease in Pregnancy
Causes of Chorioamnionitis Nursing Mnemonic (Pregnancies Are Very Interesting)
Causes of Labor Dystocia Nursing Mnemonic (Having Extremely Frustrating Labor)
Causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage Nursing Mnemonic (4 T’s)
Day in the Life of a Labor Nurse
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Labs
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Diuretics (Loop, Potassium Sparing, Thiazide, Furosemide/Lasix)
Factors That Can Put a Pregnancy at Risk Nursing Mnemonic (RIBCAGE)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Fetal Circulation
Fetal Heart Monitoring (FHM)
Fundal Height Assessment for Nurses
Gestation & Nägele’s Rule: Estimating Due Dates
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Gestational HTN (Hypertension)
HELLP Syndrome
Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) Nursing Considerations
Initial Care of the Newborn (APGAR)
Mastitis
Maternal Risk Factors
Newborn of HIV+ Mother
Nifedipine (Procardia) Nursing Considerations
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dystocia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mastitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) / Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)
OB Non-Stress Test Results Nursing Mnemonic (NNN)
Oxytocin (Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Vital Signs (VS)
Placenta Previa
Post-Partum Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (BUBBLE)
Possible Infections During Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (TORCH)
Preload and Afterload
Probable Signs of Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP BUGS)
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing Considerations
Stages of Fetal Development Nursing Mnemonic (Proficiently Expanding Fetus)
Terbutaline (Brethine) Nursing Considerations
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
VEAL CHOP Nursing Mnemonic (Fetal Accelerations and Decelerations) (VEAL CHOP)
Cardiac Terminology
Hematology Oncology & Immunology Terminology
MedTerm Basic Word Structure
Psychiatry Terminology
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitors
Acute Renal (Kidney) Module Intro
Addisons Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (STEROID)
Addisons Disease
Altered Mental Status Nursing Mnemonic (AEIOU TIPS)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Anticonvulsants
Antidiabetic Agents
ASA (Aspirin) Nursing Considerations
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Nursing Considerations
Azithromycin (Zithromax) Nursing Considerations
Bleeding Precautions Nursing Mnemonic (RANDI)
Blood Flow Through The Heart
Breast Cancer Concept Map
Breast Cancer
Bronchoscopy
Burn Injuries
Calcium Channel Blockers
Canes Nursing Mnemonic (COAL)
Cardiac Stress Test
Cardiovascular Disorders (CVD) Module Intro
Cataracts
Causes of Dyspnea Nursing Mnemonic (The 6 P’s)
Causes of Pancreatitis Nursing Mnemonic (BAD HITS)
Central Line Dressing Change
Chest Tube Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (Two AA’s)
Chest Tube Management
CHF Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (UNLOAD FAST)
Circulatory Checks (5 P’s) Nursing Mnemonic (The 5 P’s)
Cirrhosis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Bring Happy Energy)
Coagulation Studies (PT, PTT, INR)
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Nursing Considerations
Complications of Immobility
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT, dialysis)
COPD Concept Map
Cor Pulmonale – Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Please Read His Text)
Coronary Artery Disease Concept Map
Crohn’s Morphology and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CHRISTMAS)
Cushings Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (STRESSED)
Dementia and Alzheimers
Diabetes Insipidus Nursing Mnemonic (DDD)
Diabetes Management
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1- Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 P’s)
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Nursing Considerations
Discharge (DC) Teaching After Surgery
Diverticulitis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Fix His Abscess SOon)
DKA Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (KING UFC)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Dopamine (Inotropin) Nursing Considerations
Encephalopathies
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Nursing Considerations
Enteral & Parenteral Nutrition (Diet, TPN)
Essential NCLEX Meds by Class
Evaluation of Irregular Moles Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDE)
Fibromyalgia
Fluid Volume Overload
Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleed Concept Map
Genitourinary (GU) Assessment
Glaucoma
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Nursing Considerations
Hearing Loss
Heart (Cardiac) Failure Therapeutic Management
Heart (Cardiac) Sound Locations and Auscultation
Heart Failure – Right Sided Nursing Mnemonic (HEAD)
Heart Failure-Left-Sided Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP)
Heart Failure-Origin Nursing Mnemonic (Left – Lung|Right – Rest)
Hemodialysis (Renal Dialysis)
Heparin (Hep-Lock) Nursing Considerations
Hepatic Disorders (Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, Portal Hypertension) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Hypercalcemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (GROANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, OVERTONES)
Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (FRIED)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (SWINE)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SALT)
Hypertension – Nursing care Nursing Mnemonic (DIURETIC)
Hyperthermia (Thermoregulation)
Hypertonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypocalcemia – Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CATS)
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DIRE)
Hypokalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (6 L’s)
Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TIRED)
Hypoglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Cool and Clammy – Give ‘Em Candy)
Hyponatremia- Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SALT LOSS)
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypovolemic and Distributive Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (RAT BED)
Individualized Physical Assessments for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Informed Consent
Insulin Mnemonic (Ready, Set, Inject, Love)
Intake and Output (I&O)
Integumentary (Skin) Important Points
Interventions for Aphasia Nursing Mnemonic (PROP)
Intrarenal Causes of Acute Kidney Injury Nursing Mnemonic (TONIC)
Isoniazid (Niazid) Nursing Considerations
Leukemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANT)
Levels of consciousness Nursing Mnemonic (Never Carry Dirty Socks Or Smelly Clothes)
Losartan (Cozaar) Nursing Considerations
Macular Degeneration
Malignant Hyperthermia
Management of Pressure Ulcers (Pressure Injuries) Nursing Mnemonic (SKIN)
Management of Glomerulonephritis Nursing Mnemonic (Please Help Deliver Diuretics)
Mechanical Aids
Medication Classess for IBD Nursing Mnemonic (Sometimes I Can’t Answer)
Medications to Prevent Seizures Nursing Mnemonic (Pretty Little Liars Forever)
Meniere’s Disease
Metabolic Acidosis (interpretation and nursing diagnosis)
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Nursing Considerations
Mobility & Assistive Devices
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Myocardial Infarction Nursing Mnemonic (MONATAS)
Naproxen (Aleve) Nursing Considerations
Neurogenic Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cirrhosis (Liver Disease, Hepatic encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cushings Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Distributive Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Epididymitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hepatitis (Liver Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Herpes Simplex (HSV, STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Meningitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Osteomyelitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pulmonary Edema
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rhabdomyolysis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sepsis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIRS & MODS
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Tuberculosis (TB)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Endocarditis and Pericarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis (OA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Addison’s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aspiration
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchoscopy (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Emphysema
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Respiratory Failure
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Risk for Fall
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Skin cancer – Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Spinal Cord Injury
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thoracentesis (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombophlebitis / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombocytopenia
Nursing Care Plan for Amputation
Nursing Care Plan for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan for Distributive Shock
Nursing Case Study for Pneumonia
Nursing Case Study for Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Oncology Important Points
Oxygen Delivery Module Intro
Pain and Nonpharmacological Comfort Measures
Pain Assessment Questions Nursing Mnemonic (OPQRST)
Patient Consent for Treatment for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Patient Communication Techniques for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Patients with Communication Difficulties
Perioperative Nursing Course Introduction
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Pneumonia Concept Map
PPE Donning & Doffing
Pressure Ulcers/Pressure injuries (Braden scale)
Propylthiouracil (PTU) Nursing Considerations
Pulmonary edema treatment Nursing Mnemonic (MAD DOG)
Sepsis Concept Map
Sepsis Labs
Shock – Signs and symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TV SPARC CUBE)
Specialty Diets (Nutrition)
Stages of Hepatitis Nursing Mnemonic (PIP)
Strabismus
Stroke Assessment (CVA)
TB Drugs Nursing Mnemonic (RIPE)
The Medical Team
Thrombolytics
Toxicity Sepsis- Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 6 T’s)
Trach Care
Traction – Nursing Care Nursing Mnemonic (TRACTION)
Trauma – Assessment (Emergency) Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDEFGHI)
Types of Anemia Nursing Mnemonic (Always Introduce Special Patients)
Understanding Blood Pressure Meds! – Live Tutoring Archive
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Measles, Mumps, Pertussis, Chicken Pox, Diphtheria) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Vascular disease – Raynaud’s symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (COLD HAND)
Vasopressin
Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing Considerations
Who Needs Dialysis Nursing Mnemonic (AEIOU)
Wound Infections for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)