Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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Study Tools For Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Pathochart (Cheatsheet)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (Image)
Features of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (Image)
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Outline
Overview
- A group of conditions that can occur when a mother consumes alcohol while pregnant
- No safe amount
- Can be mild or very severe
Nursing Points
General
- You may only note the physical assessment issues, kids with FAS can grow to have issues with judgement, behavior, problems hearing/seeing, or low intelligence
- Also known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Assessment
- Various craniofacial abnormalities can be noted
- Small eye openings
- Wide set eyes
- Smooth between nose and mouth (no philtrum)
- Thin upper lip
- Up turned nose
- CNS issues
- Encephalopathy
- Increased sensitivity to stimuli
- Seizures
- Learning disabilities
- Memory trouble
- ADHD
- Impulsive
- Growth deficiencies
- Small height
- Small weight
- Small head size
Therapeutic Management
- Low stimulation
- Pace feedings
- Consult developmental specialist
- Consult for other concerns/comorbidities that require a specialist
Nursing Concepts
- Human Development
- Health Promotion
Patient Education
- The child will have cognitive deficits for life
- The child may experience judgment and impulse control issues
- There is NO KNOWN safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy
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ADPIE Related Lessons
Related Nursing Process (ADPIE) Lessons for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Transcript
In this lesson I will help you understand fetal alcohol syndrome and your role in this patient’s care.
So during pregnancy the mother should not drink. There is no safe amount that protects her fetus. Drinking will put her baby at risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Drinking alcohol in pregnancy can cause problems with fetal development. So the big things are craniofacial and central nervous system. There are noticeable changes in facial characteristics. Growth is altered so they are typically small and either are short, low weight or both. There can be other concerns with cardiac and different systems but these are really comorbidities of having fetal alcohol syndrome and the big diagnosis pieces are craniofacial and central nervous system. Facial will be our biggest assessment piece because we can easily see this and they are specific facial characteristics. So let’s look at our assessment.
For the assessment we will really see craniofacial abnormalities. The biggest things are the eyes have small openings and can be wideset. The upper lip will be thin and the skin above the lip will be smooth between nose and mouth. The little divot between the nose and mouth is called a philtrum but a newborn with FAS might have a smooth philtrum. You can see in this image there are smaller eyes openings, smooth philtrum and thin upper lip. There will also be central nervous system findings but these are typically going to be seen later. These are things like ADHD, impulsiveness, memory, processing and behavioral problems. Growth deficiencies might occur. They might be born with a smaller head, short height, low weight or a combination.
This patient will have very little management. The newborn might require a low stimulation environment so we can help support that. We will need to pace feedings and make sure they are getting adequate calories for growth since they are already starting out smart. If there is a big concern like cardiac then we would be monitoring and referring to a specialist. If there are any comorbidities we can consult a specialist and we also want to involve case management to help with any referrals to developmental specialist because it is likely that the child will have learning delay.Education should really be given prior to pregnancy that there is no safe amount ever in pregnancy and they need to know the risks. There are cognitive deficits that can not be fixed and the child might have judgment, impulse control issues, and learning disabilities.
Human Development is a concept because the alcohol is affecting the development and health promotion because we want to ensure the health of this newborn going forward.
The key points are that fetal alcohol syndrome can occur when a mother drinks excessive alcohol during her pregnancy and here is no safe amount! There is a cluster of characteristics and these mostly all facial. So things like thin upper lip, small eye openings, smooth philtrum. Later some neurological concerns will show. So learning difficulty, maybe they are impulsive or have anger problems. Things that we won’t know at delivery. There is no treatment or lab test for this diagnosis. It is clearly just assessment findings at delivery with mom’s history being considered.
Make sure you check out the resources attached to this lesson and the key points. Now, go out and be your best selves today. And, as always, happy nursing.
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Study Plan Lessons
Alkalosis and Acidosis Nursing Mnemonic (Kick Up, Drop Down)
Blood Grouping
Blood Plasma
Blood Pressure (BP) Control
Breathing Control
Breathing Movements
Causes of Poor Gas Exchange Nursing Mnemonic (All People Can Value Lungs)
EKG (ECG) Waveforms
Electrolytes – Location in Body Nursing Mnemonic (PISO)
Electrolytes Involved in Cardiac (Heart) Conduction
Fluid & Electrolytes Course Introduction
Fluid Volume Deficit
Hyperkalemia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MACHINE)
Hyperkalemia – Management Nursing Mnemonic (AIRED)
Hyperkalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Murder)
Hypernatremia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MODEL)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit
Renal (Kidney) Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Renal (Kidney) Acid-Base Balance
Respiratory Functions of Blood
Tonicity of Solutions – Live Tutoring Archive
Trach Suctioning
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Anti-Platelet Aggregate
Antianxiety Meds
Antidepressants
Barbiturates
Buspirone (Buspar) Nursing Considerations
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Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Nursing Considerations
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Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
Insulin Mixing
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IV Infusions (Solutions)
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Mannitol (Osmitrol) Nursing Considerations
Medication Errors
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Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Mood Stabilizers
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Nursing Considerations
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
SubQ Injections
The SOCK Method – Overview
Introduction to Metabolism
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
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Hb (Hepatitis) Vaccine
Infection or Inflammation? The Quick & Dirty on CBCs – Live Tutoring Archive
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Infection Stages
Key Nutrients in the Prevention of Chronic Disease
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Tonicity of Solutions – Live Tutoring Archive
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Care for Asian-Indian Patient Populations
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Child Abuse/Neglect – Warning Signs Nursing Mnemonic (CHILD ABUSE)
Communicable Diseases
Community Health Course Introduction
Community Health Tool Nursing Mnemonic (MAP-IT)
Continuity of Care
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Levels of Prevention
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Technology & Informatics
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1st Degree AV Heart Block
Acute Confusion
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Acute Respiratory Distress
Aneurysm & Dissection
Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib)
Calling for RRT, Code Blue
Crush Injuries
Delegation of Tasks to Assistive Personnel for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Drugs for Bradycardia & Low Blood Pressure Nursing Mnemonic (IDEA)
Dysrhythmia Emergencies
EKG Basics – Live Tutoring Archive
Fall and Injury Prevention
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Hypertension (HTN) Concept Map
Hypertensive Emergency
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Legal & Ethical Issues in ER
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
Pulmonary Embolism
Rapid Sequence Intubation
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)
Safety Check Nursing Mnemonic (MADLE)
Stress and Crisis
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Trauma – Complications Nursing Mnemonic (TRAUMATIC)
Ventricular Fibrillation (V Fib)
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)
Aggressive & Violent Patients
Cultural Awareness and Influences on Development
Developmental Stages and Milestones
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
Handling Death and Dying
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Overview of Childhood Growth & Development
Overview of Developmental Theories
Growth and Development – Prenatal
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
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Abortion in Nursing: Spontaneous, Induced, and Missed
Abruptio Placentae (Placental abruption)
Acyclovir (Zovirax) Nursing Considerations
Addicted Newborn
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Cardiac (Heart) Disease in Pregnancy
Causes of Chorioamnionitis Nursing Mnemonic (Pregnancies Are Very Interesting)
Causes of Labor Dystocia Nursing Mnemonic (Having Extremely Frustrating Labor)
Causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage Nursing Mnemonic (4 T’s)
Day in the Life of a Labor Nurse
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Labs
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Diuretics (Loop, Potassium Sparing, Thiazide, Furosemide/Lasix)
Factors That Can Put a Pregnancy at Risk Nursing Mnemonic (RIBCAGE)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Fetal Circulation
Fetal Heart Monitoring (FHM)
Fundal Height Assessment for Nurses
Gestation & Nägele’s Rule: Estimating Due Dates
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
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OB Non-Stress Test Results Nursing Mnemonic (NNN)
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Placenta Previa
Post-Partum Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (BUBBLE)
Possible Infections During Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (TORCH)
Preload and Afterload
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Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing Considerations
Stages of Fetal Development Nursing Mnemonic (Proficiently Expanding Fetus)
Terbutaline (Brethine) Nursing Considerations
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
VEAL CHOP Nursing Mnemonic (Fetal Accelerations and Decelerations) (VEAL CHOP)
Cardiac Terminology
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MedTerm Basic Word Structure
Psychiatry Terminology
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Acute Renal (Kidney) Module Intro
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Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
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Circulatory Checks (5 P’s) Nursing Mnemonic (The 5 P’s)
Cirrhosis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Bring Happy Energy)
Coagulation Studies (PT, PTT, INR)
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Nursing Considerations
Complications of Immobility
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COPD Concept Map
Cor Pulmonale – Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Please Read His Text)
Coronary Artery Disease Concept Map
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Cushings Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (STRESSED)
Dementia and Alzheimers
Diabetes Insipidus Nursing Mnemonic (DDD)
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Diverticulitis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Fix His Abscess SOon)
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Dopamine (Inotropin) Nursing Considerations
Encephalopathies
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Essential NCLEX Meds by Class
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Fibromyalgia
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Hearing Loss
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Heart Failure – Right Sided Nursing Mnemonic (HEAD)
Heart Failure-Left-Sided Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP)
Heart Failure-Origin Nursing Mnemonic (Left – Lung|Right – Rest)
Hemodialysis (Renal Dialysis)
Heparin (Hep-Lock) Nursing Considerations
Hepatic Disorders (Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, Portal Hypertension) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Hypercalcemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (GROANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, OVERTONES)
Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (FRIED)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (SWINE)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SALT)
Hypertension – Nursing care Nursing Mnemonic (DIURETIC)
Hyperthermia (Thermoregulation)
Hypertonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypocalcemia – Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CATS)
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DIRE)
Hypokalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (6 L’s)
Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TIRED)
Hypoglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Cool and Clammy – Give ‘Em Candy)
Hyponatremia- Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SALT LOSS)
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypovolemic and Distributive Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (RAT BED)
Individualized Physical Assessments for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Informed Consent
Insulin Mnemonic (Ready, Set, Inject, Love)
Intake and Output (I&O)
Integumentary (Skin) Important Points
Interventions for Aphasia Nursing Mnemonic (PROP)
Intrarenal Causes of Acute Kidney Injury Nursing Mnemonic (TONIC)
Isoniazid (Niazid) Nursing Considerations
Leukemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANT)
Levels of consciousness Nursing Mnemonic (Never Carry Dirty Socks Or Smelly Clothes)
Losartan (Cozaar) Nursing Considerations
Macular Degeneration
Malignant Hyperthermia
Management of Pressure Ulcers (Pressure Injuries) Nursing Mnemonic (SKIN)
Management of Glomerulonephritis Nursing Mnemonic (Please Help Deliver Diuretics)
Mechanical Aids
Medication Classess for IBD Nursing Mnemonic (Sometimes I Can’t Answer)
Medications to Prevent Seizures Nursing Mnemonic (Pretty Little Liars Forever)
Meniere’s Disease
Metabolic Acidosis (interpretation and nursing diagnosis)
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Nursing Considerations
Mobility & Assistive Devices
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Myocardial Infarction Nursing Mnemonic (MONATAS)
Naproxen (Aleve) Nursing Considerations
Neurogenic Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cirrhosis (Liver Disease, Hepatic encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cushings Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Distributive Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Epididymitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hepatitis (Liver Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Herpes Simplex (HSV, STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Meningitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Osteomyelitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pulmonary Edema
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rhabdomyolysis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sepsis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIRS & MODS
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Tuberculosis (TB)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Endocarditis and Pericarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis (OA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Addison’s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aspiration
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchoscopy (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Emphysema
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Respiratory Failure
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Risk for Fall
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Skin cancer – Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Spinal Cord Injury
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thoracentesis (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombophlebitis / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombocytopenia
Nursing Care Plan for Amputation
Nursing Care Plan for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan for Distributive Shock
Nursing Case Study for Pneumonia
Nursing Case Study for Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Oncology Important Points
Oxygen Delivery Module Intro
Pain and Nonpharmacological Comfort Measures
Pain Assessment Questions Nursing Mnemonic (OPQRST)
Patient Consent for Treatment for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Patient Communication Techniques for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Patients with Communication Difficulties
Perioperative Nursing Course Introduction
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Pneumonia Concept Map
PPE Donning & Doffing
Pressure Ulcers/Pressure injuries (Braden scale)
Propylthiouracil (PTU) Nursing Considerations
Pulmonary edema treatment Nursing Mnemonic (MAD DOG)
Sepsis Concept Map
Sepsis Labs
Shock – Signs and symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TV SPARC CUBE)
Specialty Diets (Nutrition)
Stages of Hepatitis Nursing Mnemonic (PIP)
Strabismus
Stroke Assessment (CVA)
TB Drugs Nursing Mnemonic (RIPE)
The Medical Team
Thrombolytics
Toxicity Sepsis- Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 6 T’s)
Trach Care
Traction – Nursing Care Nursing Mnemonic (TRACTION)
Trauma – Assessment (Emergency) Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDEFGHI)
Types of Anemia Nursing Mnemonic (Always Introduce Special Patients)
Understanding Blood Pressure Meds! – Live Tutoring Archive
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Measles, Mumps, Pertussis, Chicken Pox, Diphtheria) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Vascular disease – Raynaud’s symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (COLD HAND)
Vasopressin
Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing Considerations
Who Needs Dialysis Nursing Mnemonic (AEIOU)
Wound Infections for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)