Nursing Care Plan for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Included In This Lesson
Study Tools For Nursing Care Plan for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Outline
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Lesson Objective for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Nursing Care Plan:
Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), nursing students will be able to:
- Provide comprehensive nursing care for patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), focusing on understanding the pathophysiology, etiology, management strategies, and nursing interventions. This plan emphasizes the importance of promoting heart health, managing risk factors, and supporting patients in lifestyle modifications.
Pathophysiology for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
CAD is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaques build up on the artery walls, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. This can lead to angina (chest pain), myocardial infarction (heart attack), and other cardiac complications.
- Analogy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Imagine your heart is a house, and the coronary arteries are the main water pipes that supply it with water (in this case, blood). In coronary artery disease (CAD), it’s like these pipes are getting clogged with gunk and buildup (plaque), making it hard for enough water to flow through them. Just like a house needs a steady flow of water for all its needs, your heart needs a constant flow of blood to get oxygen and nutrients.
- When the pipes are partially blocked, the house doesn’t get enough water, especially when you need more water like during a big family gathering (like when your heart needs more blood during exercise). If a pipe gets completely blocked, a part of the house might not get any water at all, which can cause big problems (like a heart attack).
- So, CAD is like having increasingly clogged pipes in your heart-house. It’s important to keep those pipes clean and clear (through healthy lifestyle choices and medication) to ensure the house gets all the water it needs to function properly.
Etiology for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Atherosclerosis:
- Accumulation of plaques in coronary arteries.
- Risk Factors:
- Include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of heart disease.
Desired Outcomes for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Reduction or control of symptoms like angina.
- Improved or maintained cardiac function.
- Effective management of risk factors.
- Enhanced understanding and adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
Subjective Data for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Patient reports of chest pain or discomfort (angina).
- Shortness of breath, fatigue, or dizziness.
- Concerns about lifestyle changes and disease management.
Objective Data for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Physical examination findings (e.g., blood pressure, heart sounds).
- History of risk factors for CAD (e.g., hypertension, smoking).
- Laboratory results showing lipid profiles, blood glucose levels.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) or stress test abnormalities.
- Imaging studies like angiography showing coronary artery blockages.
Assessment for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Assess for signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia.
- Evaluate the patient’s understanding of CAD and its management.
- Monitor for complications, such as heart failure or arrhythmias.
- Assess lifestyle factors contributing to CAD.
Nursing Diagnosis for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output related to reduced coronary blood flow.
- Chronic Pain related to myocardial ischemia.
- Knowledge Deficit regarding disease management and lifestyle modifications.
- Noncompliance with therapeutic regimen related to lifestyle and habit changes.
Nursing Interventions and Rationales for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Monitor Cardiac Status: Regularly monitor vital signs, ECG, and symptomatology.
- Rationale: To promptly identify signs of worsening cardiac function or acute events.
- Lifestyle Modification Education: Educate on diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and weight management.
- Rationale: To reduce risk factors and prevent disease progression.
- Medication Management: Administer and educate about prescribed medications (e.g., antiplatelets, statins, beta-blockers).
- Rationale: To improve coronary blood flow and reduce risk of heart attack.
- Pain Management: Provide and educate about anginal pain management strategies.
- Rationale: To reduce pain and improve quality of life.
- Psychosocial Support: Offer emotional support and counseling or referrals as needed.
- Rationale: To help cope with the stress and anxiety associated with chronic illness.
Evaluation for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Monitor effectiveness in controlling angina and improving cardiac function.
- Assess adherence to lifestyle modifications and medication regimen.
- Evaluate patient’s understanding of CAD and self-management skills.
- Monitor for absence of complications or worsening symptoms.
References:
- NURSING.com: Offers nursing care plans and educational resources for CAD.
- Mayo Clinic: Provides comprehensive information on CAD symptoms, causes, and treatments.
- NIH.gov: Features current research and clinical guidelines on the management of CAD.
Example Nursing Diagnosis For Nursing Care Plan for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output related to reduced coronary blood flow.
- Chronic Pain related to myocardial ischemia.
- Knowledge Deficit regarding disease management and lifestyle modifications.
- Noncompliance with therapeutic regimen related to lifestyle and habit changes.
NCLEX
Concepts Covered:
- Circulatory System
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Cardiac Disorders
- Cardiovascular
- Shock
- Shock
- Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Endocrine
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Hematology
- Gastrointestinal
- Upper GI Disorders
- Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
- Newborn Complications
- Lower GI Disorders
- Multisystem
- Neurological
- Nervous System
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Renal
- Respiratory
- Urinary System
- Respiratory System
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Test Taking Strategies
- Note Taking
- Basics of NCLEX
- Prefixes
- Suffixes
- Medication Administration
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Respiratory Disorders
- Pregnancy Risks
- Labor Complications
- Hematologic Disorders
- Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
- Factors Influencing Community Health
- Delegation
- Perioperative Nursing Roles
- EENT Disorders
- Basics of Chemistry
- Adult
- Emergency Care of the Neurological Patient
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Respiratory Patient
- Respiratory Emergencies
- Studying
- Substance Abuse Disorders
- Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
- Behavior
- Documentation and Communication
- Preoperative Nursing
- Endocrine System
- Legal and Ethical Issues
- Communication
- Understanding Society
- Immunological Disorders
- Infectious Disease Disorders
- Oncology Disorders
- Female Reproductive Disorders
- Fetal Development
- Terminology
- Anxiety Disorders
- Cognitive Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Intraoperative Nursing
- Tissues and Glands
- Vascular Disorders
- Renal Disorders
- Eating Disorders
- Prenatal Concepts
- Microbiology
- Male Reproductive Disorders
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Infectious Respiratory Disorder
- Depressive Disorders
- Personality Disorders
- Psychotic Disorders
- Trauma-Stress Disorders
- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
- Integumentary Disorders
- Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
- Integumentary Disorders
- Newborn Care
- Basics of Mathematics
- Statistics
- Labor and Delivery
- Proteins
- Emergency Care of the Trauma Patient
- Hematologic System
- Hematologic Disorders
- Developmental Considerations
- Skeletal System
- Digestive System
- Urinary Disorders
- Postpartum Care
- Basic
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Bipolar Disorders
- Metabolism
- Cardiovascular Disorders
- Concepts of Population Health
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- EENT Disorders
- Postpartum Complications
- Basics of Human Biology
- Postoperative Nursing
- Neurological Emergencies
- Prioritization
- Disorders of Thermoregulation
- Writing
- Community Health Overview
- Dosage Calculations
- Neurological Trauma
- Concepts of Mental Health
- Health & Stress
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Childhood Growth and Development
- Prenatal and Neonatal Growth and Development
- Concepts of Pharmacology
- Integumentary Important Points
- Emotions and Motivation
- Renal and Urinary Disorders
- Developmental Theories
- Reproductive System
- Adulthood Growth and Development
- Psychological Emergencies
- Growth & Development
- Basics of Sociology
- Somatoform Disorders
- Reading
- Intelligence and Language
- Oncologic Disorders
- Med Term Basic
- Med Term Whole
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Spinal Cord
- Muscular System
- Neonatal
- Learning Pharmacology
- Pediatric
- Psychological Disorders
- State of Consciousness
- Sensory System