Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Included In This Lesson
Study Tools For Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Outline
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Definition/Etiology:
- Preventable, treatable disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation
- Associated with abnormal inflammatory response that is not fully reversible
Pathophysiology:
The two types of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis is defined as cough and sputum production for at least 3 months during 2 consecutive years
- Emphysema is characterized by destruction of alveoli
Clinical Presentation:
Chronic Bronchitis | Emphysema |
“Blue bloater” | “Pink puffer” |
Productive cough | Cough uncommon |
Stocky build | Thin |
Onset 40–50 years old | Onset 50–70 years old |
Normal respiratory rate | Tachypnea |
Hypoxemia | PaO2 normal or slightly decreased |
Increased PaO2 | PaCO2 low or normal until end-stage |
Cyanosis | Barrel chest |
Polycythemia | Accessory muscle use |
Cor pulmonale | Tripod position |
Peripheral edema | Pursed-lip breathing |
Risk for pulmonary embolism | Hyperresonance on percussion |
Enlarged heart on X-ray | Lung over inflation on X-ray Low diaphragm on X-ray |
Collaborative Management:
Assessments:
- ABG, CBC (check for polycythemia)
- Chest X-ray
Interventions:
- Supplemental oxygen to SpO2 90–92%
- Nasal cannula or Venturi mask to control oxygen delivery
- Monitor for return to baseline SpO2
- Monitor for decrease in respiratory rate; if so, reduce or discontinue oxygen
- Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP, BiPAP)
- Bronchodilators, IV corticosteroids, antibiotics as needed
- Bed rest in High Fowler position or sit on edge of bed with legs dangling
- IV rehydration
- Monitor for arrhythmias
Evaluation | Patient Monitoring | Education:
- Immunizations
- Avoid respiratory infection exposure
- Eat small, frequent meals to allow maximal chest excursion
- Adequate hydration to keep secretions moist
- Smoking cessation
Linchpins: (Key Points)
- Chronic disease, abnormal inflammatory response
- Air trapping
- Treat exacerbations
Transcript
For more great CEN prep, got to the link below to purchase the “Emergency Nursing Examination Review” book by Dr. Laura Gasparis Vonfrolio RN, PHD
https://greatnurses.com/
References:
- Emergency Nurses Association. (2017) Emergency Nursing Core Curriculum, 7th Edition. PA: Saunders
- Egging, D. (2017). Respiratory Emergencies and Thoracic Trauma. In CEN Online Review. Emergency Nurses Association.
NCLEX
Concepts Covered:
- Circulatory System
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Cardiac Disorders
- Cardiovascular
- Shock
- Shock
- Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Endocrine
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Hematology
- Gastrointestinal
- Upper GI Disorders
- Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
- Newborn Complications
- Lower GI Disorders
- Multisystem
- Neurological
- Nervous System
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Renal
- Respiratory
- Urinary System
- Respiratory System
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Test Taking Strategies
- Note Taking
- Basics of NCLEX
- Prefixes
- Suffixes
- Medication Administration
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Respiratory Disorders
- Pregnancy Risks
- Labor Complications
- Hematologic Disorders
- Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
- Factors Influencing Community Health
- Delegation
- Perioperative Nursing Roles
- EENT Disorders
- Basics of Chemistry
- Adult
- Emergency Care of the Neurological Patient
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Respiratory Patient
- Respiratory Emergencies
- Studying
- Substance Abuse Disorders
- Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
- Behavior
- Documentation and Communication
- Preoperative Nursing
- Endocrine System
- Legal and Ethical Issues
- Communication
- Understanding Society
- Immunological Disorders
- Infectious Disease Disorders
- Oncology Disorders
- Female Reproductive Disorders
- Fetal Development
- Terminology
- Anxiety Disorders
- Cognitive Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Intraoperative Nursing
- Tissues and Glands
- Vascular Disorders
- Renal Disorders
- Eating Disorders
- Prenatal Concepts
- Microbiology
- Male Reproductive Disorders
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Infectious Respiratory Disorder
- Depressive Disorders
- Personality Disorders
- Psychotic Disorders
- Trauma-Stress Disorders
- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
- Integumentary Disorders
- Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
- Integumentary Disorders
- Newborn Care
- Basics of Mathematics
- Statistics
- Labor and Delivery
- Proteins
- Emergency Care of the Trauma Patient
- Hematologic System
- Hematologic Disorders
- Developmental Considerations
- Skeletal System
- Digestive System
- Urinary Disorders
- Postpartum Care
- Basic
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Bipolar Disorders
- Metabolism
- Cardiovascular Disorders
- Concepts of Population Health
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- EENT Disorders
- Postpartum Complications
- Basics of Human Biology
- Postoperative Nursing
- Neurological Emergencies
- Prioritization
- Disorders of Thermoregulation
- Writing
- Community Health Overview
- Dosage Calculations
- Neurological Trauma
- Concepts of Mental Health
- Health & Stress
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Childhood Growth and Development
- Prenatal and Neonatal Growth and Development
- Concepts of Pharmacology
- Integumentary Important Points
- Emotions and Motivation
- Renal and Urinary Disorders
- Developmental Theories
- Reproductive System
- Adulthood Growth and Development
- Psychological Emergencies
- Growth & Development
- Basics of Sociology
- Somatoform Disorders
- Reading
- Intelligence and Language
- Oncologic Disorders
- Med Term Basic
- Med Term Whole
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Spinal Cord
- Muscular System
- Neonatal
- Learning Pharmacology
- Pediatric
- Psychological Disorders
- State of Consciousness
- Sensory System