Diltiazem (Cardizem) Nursing Considerations

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Kara Tarr
BSN,RN
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Study Tools For Diltiazem (Cardizem) Nursing Considerations

Drug Card Diltiazem (Cardizem) (Cheatsheet)
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Outline

Generic Name

Diltiazem

Trade Name

Cardizem

Indication

Hypertension, angina, SVT, AFib, aflutter

Action

Inhibits calcium transport resulting in inhibition of excitation and contraction,
leads to depression of AV and SA node leading to decreased HR, leads to vasodi-
latation and decreased blood pressure.

Therapeutic Class

Antianginals, antiarrhythmics, antihypertensive

Pharmacologic Class

Ca Channel Blocker (Benzothiazepine)

Nursing Considerations

• Contraindicated in 2nd and 3rd AV block
• May cause arrhythmias, CHF, bradycardia, peripheral edema, gingival
hyperplasia
• Increases digoxin levels
• Don’t drink grapefruit juice
• Assess for signs of CHF
• Monitor EKG continuously
• Tell patient to change positions slowly
• Monitor serum potassium
• Instruct pt on how to take blood pressure

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Transcript

Hey guys, let’s talk about, Diltiazem also known as Cardizem. This is an oral medication, as you can see here with the capsules, but it also comes in other forms like IV. So remember when we talk about the therapeutic class versus the pharmacologic class, the therapeutic class is how the drug works in the body while the pharmacologic class is the actual chemical effect. So for Diltiazem, the therapeutic class is antianginal, antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic while the pharmacologic class is a calcium channel blocker. So how does Diltiazem work? Well, it works by inhibiting calcium transport, which results in the inhibition of excitation and contraction, which leads to the depression of the AV and SA node here and here, a decreased heart rate, vasodilation, and decreased blood pressure. It makes sense why it is indicated for hypertension, angina, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation in a flutter. So with Diltiazem, there are some pretty serious side effects that can occur and should be watched out for things like bradycardia, arrhythmias, and even peripheral edema.
So let’s take a look at a few nursing considerations for Diltiazem. You are going to want to assess your patient for signs of congestive heart failure while on this medication, monitor your patient’s EKG, as well as their serum potassium levels. Diltiazem is contraindicated in patients who have a second or third-degree AV block, and it may cause congestive heart failure or even gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of the gums. Be sure to teach your patient not to drink grapefruit juice and to also change positions slowly as orthotic hypotension could be caused by this medication. And teach your patient how to take their blood pressure, whether it’s at home or in their local pharmacy. An interesting thing to note about Diltiazem, there are ethnic differences that do exist with the treatment of hypertension with calcium channel blockers like Diltiazem; for instance, in the black population, calcium channel blockers are more effective than ACEI or ARBs, which makes calcium channel blockers the first-line treatment in this population. That’s it for Diltiazem or Cardizem. Now go out and be your best self today. And as always happy nursing.

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Pharmacology for Nursing (MedMaster)

The Pharmacology Course is a one-stop-shop for all things medication related! We’ll talk you through how to be successful in pharmacology and how to be safe when administering meds. We break down the most common and most important medication classes into easy-to-understand sections. We even walk you through how to conquer the often intimidating med math and drug calculations! When you finish this course you’ll be able to confidently and safely administer medications to your patients!

Course Lessons

0 - Pharmacology Course Introduction
Pharmacology Course Introduction
1 - NCLEX Must Knows
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
54 Common Medication Prefixes and Suffixes
Therapeutic Drug Levels (Digoxin, Lithium, Theophylline, Phenytoin)
Essential NCLEX Meds by Class
6 Rights of Medication Administration
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
The SOCK Method – Overview
The SOCK Method – S
The SOCK Method – O
The SOCK Method – C
The SOCK Method – K
2 - Math for Meds
Basics of Calculations
Dimensional Analysis Nursing (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Oral Medications
Injectable Medications
IV Infusions (Solutions)
Complex Calculations (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Interactive Pharmacology Practice
Interactive Practice Drip Calculations
Pediatric Dosage Calculations
3 - Disease Specific Medications
Disease Specific Medications
4 - Antianxiety Agents
Antianxiety Meds
Benzodiazepines
Alprazolam (Xanax) Nursing Considerations
Lorazepam (Ativan) Nursing Considerations
Midazolam (Versed) Nursing Considerations
Diazepam (Valium) Nursing Considerations
Buspirone (Buspar) Nursing Considerations
Antianxiety Meds
5 - Antiarrhythmics
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Amiodarone (Pacerone) Nursing Considerations
Adenosine (Adenocard) Nursing Considerations
Procainamide (Pronestyl) Nursing Considerations
6 - Anticoagulants & Thrombolytics
Anti-Platelet Aggregate
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Nursing Considerations
Coumarins
Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing Considerations
Thrombin Inhibitors
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Nursing Considerations
Heparin (Hep-Lock) Nursing Considerations
Thrombolytics
Alteplase (tPA, Activase) Nursing Considerations
Streptokinase (Streptase) Nursing Considerations
7 - Anticonvulsants
Anticonvulsants
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Nursing Considerations
Divalproex (Depakote) Nursing Considerations
Gabapentin (Neurontin) Nursing Considerations
Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Nursing Considerations
Levetiracetam (Keppra) Nursing Considerations
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Nursing Considerations
8 - Antidepressants
Antidepressants
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Nursing Considerations
MAOIs
Selegiline (Eldepyrl) Nursing Considerations
SSRIs
Escitalopram (Lexapro) Nursing Considerations
Fluoxetine (Prozac) Nursing Considerations
Paroxetine (Paxil) Nursing Considerations
Sertraline (Zoloft) Nursing Considerations
TCAs
Amitriptyline (Elavil) Nursing Considerations
9 - Antidiabetic Agents
Antidiabetic Agents
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Nursing Considerations
Metformin (Glucophage) Nursing Considerations
Insulin
Insulin – Rapid Acting (Novolog, Humalog) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Short Acting (Regular) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Intermediate Acting (NPH) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)
Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
10 - Antihistamines
Histamine 1 Receptor Blockers
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Nursing Considerations
Promethazine (Phenergan) Nursing Considerations
Histamine 2 Receptor Blockers
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Nursing Considerations
Famotidine (Pepcid) Nursing Considerations
Ranitidine (Zantac) Nursing Considerations
11 - Antihypertensives
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Sympatholytics (Alpha & Beta Blockers)
Atenolol (Tenormin) Nursing Considerations
Metoprolol (Toprol XL) Nursing Considerations
Propranolol (Inderal) Nursing Considerations
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitors
Captopril (Capoten) Nursing Considerations
Enalapril (Vasotec) Nursing Considerations
Lisinopril (Prinivil) Nursing Considerations
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Losartan (Cozaar) Nursing Considerations
Calcium Channel Blockers
Amlodipine (Norvasc) Nursing Considerations
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Nursing Considerations
Nifedipine (Procardia) Nursing Considerations
Verapamil (Calan) Nursing Considerations
Cardiac Glycosides
Digoxin (Lanoxin) Nursing Considerations
12 - Anti-Infectives
Anti-Infective – Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin (Garamycin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Metronidazole (Flagyl) Nursing Considerations
Nystatin (Mycostatin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Antitubercular
Isoniazid (Niazid) Nursing Considerations
Rifampin (Rifadin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Antivirals
Acyclovir (Zovirax) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Carbapenems
Meropenem (Merrem) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Nursing Considerations
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Glycopeptide
Vancomycin (Vancocin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Lincosamide
Clindamycin (Cleocin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Macrolides
Erythromycin (Erythrocin) Nursing Considerations
Azithromycin (Zithromax) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Amoxicillin (Amoxil) Nursing Considerations
Ampicillin (Omnipen) Nursing Considerations
Cefaclor (Ceclor) Nursing Considerations
Cefdinir (Omnicef) Nursing Considerations
Cephalexin (Keflex) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Tetracyclines
Tetracycline (Panmycin) Nursing Considerations
13 - Antipsychotics
Atypical Antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Nursing Considerations
Antipsychotics
Haloperidol (Haldol) Nursing Considerations
Quetiapine (Seroquel) Nursing Considerations
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Nursing Considerations
14 - Autonomic Nervous System Meds
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Methylphenidate (Concerta) Nursing Considerations
Sympathomimetics (Alpha (Clonodine) & Beta (Albuterol) Agonists)
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) Nursing Considerations
Dopamine (Inotropin) Nursing Considerations
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) Nursing Considerations
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Nursing Considerations
Parasympatholytics (Anticholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Atropine (Atropen) Nursing Considerations
Benztropine (Cogentin) Nursing Considerations
Diphenoxylate-Atropine (Lomotil) Nursing Considerations
15 - Bronchodilators & Respiratory Drugs
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) Nursing Considerations
Bronchodilators
Albuterol (Ventolin) Nursing Considerations
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Salmeterol (Serevent) Nursing Considerations
16 - Diuretics
Diuretics (Loop, Potassium Sparing, Thiazide, Furosemide/Lasix)
Furosemide (Lasix) Nursing Considerations
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) Nursing Considerations
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing Considerations
Mannitol (Osmitrol) Nursing Considerations
17 - GI Meds
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Nursing Considerations
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Nursing Considerations
Lactulose (Generlac) Nursing Considerations
Loperamide (Imodium) Nursing Considerations
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Nursing Considerations
Ondansetron (Zofran) Nursing Considerations
Pancrelipase (Pancreaze) Nursing Considerations
Sucralfate (Carafate) Nursing Considerations
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Omeprazole (Prilosec) Nursing Considerations
Pantoprazole (Protonix) Nursing Considerations
18 - Hormone & Immune Related Drugs
Epoetin Alfa
Epoetin (Epogen) Nursing Considerations
Glucagon (GlucaGen) Nursing Considerations
Iodine Nursing Considerations
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Propylthiouracil (PTU) Nursing Considerations
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Nursing Considerations
19 - Lipid Lowering Drugs
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Nursing Considerations
20 - Mineral and Electrolyte Drugs
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate in Pregnancy
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Nursing Considerations
Calcium Acetate (PhosLo) Nursing Considerations
Calcium Carbonate (Tums) Nursing Considerations
Ferrous Sulfate (Iron) Nursing Considerations
Alendronate (Fosamax) Nursing Considerations
21 - Mood Stabilizers
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium (Lithonate) Nursing Considerations
22 - Non-Opioid Analgesics
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Nursing Considerations
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Nursing Considerations
NSAIDs
ASA (Aspirin) Nursing Considerations
Celecoxib (Celebrex) Nursing Considerations
Ibuprofen (Motrin) Nursing Considerations
Indomethacin (Indocin) Nursing Considerations
Ketorolac (Toradol) Nursing Considerations
Naproxen (Aleve) Nursing Considerations
23 - OB Meds
Tocolytics
Terbutaline (Brethine) Nursing Considerations
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
Meds for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Methylergonovine (Methergine) Nursing Considerations
Oxytocin (Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
Prostaglandins in Pregnancy
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
Lung Surfactant for Newborns
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn
Phytonadione (Vitamin K) for Newborn
Hepatitis B Vaccine for Newborns
24 - Opioid Analgesics
Opioids
Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy
Butorphanol (Stadol) Nursing Considerations
Codeine (Paveral) Nursing Considerations
Fentanyl (Duragesic) Nursing Considerations
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lortab) Nursing Considerations
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Nursing Considerations
Meperidine (Demerol) Nursing Considerations
Methadone (Methadose) Nursing Considerations
Morphine (MS Contin) Nursing Considerations
Nalbuphine (Nubain) Nursing Considerations
Oxycodone (OxyContin) Nursing Considerations
25 - Sedatives / Hyponotics
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Barbiturates
Phenobarbital (Luminal) Nursing Considerations
Pentobarbital (Nembutal) Nursing Considerations
Anesthetic Agents
Propofol (Diprivan) Nursing Considerations
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Nursing Considerations
26 - Steroids
Corticosteroids
Betamethasone and Dexamethasone in Pregnancy
Cortisone (Cortone) Nursing Considerations
Dexamethasone (Decadron) Nursing Considerations
Fluticasone (Flonase) Nursing Considerations
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Nursing Considerations
27 - Vasodilators
Hydralazine
Hydralazine (Apresoline) Nursing Considerations
Nitro Compounds
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) Nursing Considerations
Nitroprusside (Nitropress) Nursing Considerations
28 - Vasopressors
Vasopressin
Epinephrine (EpiPen) Nursing Considerations
Norepinephrine (Levophed) Nursing Considerations
Vasopressin (Pitressin) Nursing Considerations
29 - Medications By Class
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Anti-Infective – Aminoglycosides
Anti-Infective – Carbapenems
Anti-Infective – Macrolides
Anti-Infective – Fluoroquinolones
Anti-Infective – Sulfonamides
Anti-Infective – Tetracyclines
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Anti-Infective – Antivirals
Anti-Infective – Lincosamide
Thrombolytics
Anticonvulsants
Antidiabetic Agents
Sympatholytics (Alpha & Beta Blockers)
Anti-Infective – Antitubercular
Anti-Infective – Glycopeptide
Bronchodilators
Opioids
Barbiturates
Anesthetic Agents
30- Antineoplastics
Antineoplastics
Alkylating Agents
Antimetabolites
Anti Tumor Antibiotics
Plant Alkaloids Topoisomerase and Mitotic Inhibitors
31 – Medication Infusion
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
Epidural
Insulin Drips