Epinephrine (EpiPen) Nursing Considerations

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Kara Tarr
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Study Tools For Epinephrine (EpiPen) Nursing Considerations

Drug Card Epinephrine (Epipen) (Cheatsheet)
Blank Drug Card Template (Cheatsheet)

Outline

Generic Name

Epinephrine

Trade Name

Adrenalin, EpiPen

Indication

Asthma and COPD exacerbations, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, anesthesia adjunct

Action

Affects both beta1 and beta2 also has alpha agonist properties resulting in bron-
chodilation and increases in HR and BP. Inhibits hypersensitivity reactions.

Therapeutic Class

Antiasthmatic, bronchodilator, vasopressor

Pharmacologic Class

Adrenergic agonist

Nursing Considerations

• Side effects include: angina, tachycardia, hypertension, restlessness,
nervousness, hyperglycemia
• Use with MAOI may lead to hypertensive crisis
• Patients should not use stimulants (caffeine, guarana, etc)
• Excessive use may cause bronchospasm
• Assess lung sounds, pulse, BP, and other hemodynamic parameters
• Monitor for chest pain
• Instruct patient to use as directed
• Patient should insure adequate fluid intake to liquefy secretions
• Mouth should be rinsed after inhalation
• Beta blockers may negate effects
• May increase blood glucose levels

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Transcript

Hey guys, let’s talk about epinephrine or adrenaline also known sometimes as an EpiPen. This is an injectable medication. As you can see here, I took this picture at work. I work in surgery and we actually use epinephrine quite a bit in surgery. So remember when we talk about the therapeutic class of a medication, this is how the drug works in the body. While the pharmacologic class is the chemical effect. So for epinephrine, it’s therapeutic class is antiasthmatic, it’s a bronchodilator, and a vasopressor while the pharmacologic class is an adrenergic agonist. So epinephrine affects both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors in an agonistic fashion. And it also has alpha agonist properties. The action of epinephrine results in bronchodilation. It increases heart and blood pressure, and it also inhibits hypersensitivity reactions. So we use epinephrine for asthma and COPD exacerbations for allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, and as an adjunct to anesthesia.
So, because epinephrine works on the beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, it has a potential to create a few side effects, which can include angina, tachycardia, hypertension, and nervousness. So let’s take a look at a few nursing considerations for epinephrine. Be sure to assess your patient’s lung sounds, blood pressure, and pulse during therapy, monitor your patient for chest pain. Epinephrine may cause increased blood glucose levels and bronchospasms with excessive use. Beta blockers can prevent the effects of epinephrine and epinephrine with an MAOI can cause a hypertensive crisis. Be sure to teach your patient not to use any stimulants with epinephrine, including coffee, and also they should take in enough fluid to liquify secretions and rinse their mouth after an inhalation if nebulized epinephrine is being used. Epinephrine, when possible, should really be given through a central line because it can cause skin necrosis, and should only be given peripherally while another line is being established. So if skin necrosis occurs in your patient, epinephrine should most definitely it be stopped. That’s it for epinephrine or adrenaline or EpiPen. Now go out and be your best self today. And as always happy nursing.

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Pharmacology for Nursing (MedMaster)

The Pharmacology Course is a one-stop-shop for all things medication related! We’ll talk you through how to be successful in pharmacology and how to be safe when administering meds. We break down the most common and most important medication classes into easy-to-understand sections. We even walk you through how to conquer the often intimidating med math and drug calculations! When you finish this course you’ll be able to confidently and safely administer medications to your patients!

Course Lessons

0 - Pharmacology Course Introduction
Pharmacology Course Introduction
1 - NCLEX Must Knows
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
54 Common Medication Prefixes and Suffixes
Therapeutic Drug Levels (Digoxin, Lithium, Theophylline, Phenytoin)
Essential NCLEX Meds by Class
6 Rights of Medication Administration
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
The SOCK Method – Overview
The SOCK Method – S
The SOCK Method – O
The SOCK Method – C
The SOCK Method – K
2 - Math for Meds
Basics of Calculations
Dimensional Analysis Nursing (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Oral Medications
Injectable Medications
IV Infusions (Solutions)
Complex Calculations (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Interactive Pharmacology Practice
Interactive Practice Drip Calculations
Pediatric Dosage Calculations
3 - Disease Specific Medications
Disease Specific Medications
4 - Antianxiety Agents
Antianxiety Meds
Benzodiazepines
Alprazolam (Xanax) Nursing Considerations
Lorazepam (Ativan) Nursing Considerations
Midazolam (Versed) Nursing Considerations
Diazepam (Valium) Nursing Considerations
Buspirone (Buspar) Nursing Considerations
Antianxiety Meds
5 - Antiarrhythmics
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Amiodarone (Pacerone) Nursing Considerations
Adenosine (Adenocard) Nursing Considerations
Procainamide (Pronestyl) Nursing Considerations
6 - Anticoagulants & Thrombolytics
Anti-Platelet Aggregate
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Nursing Considerations
Coumarins
Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing Considerations
Thrombin Inhibitors
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Nursing Considerations
Heparin (Hep-Lock) Nursing Considerations
Thrombolytics
Alteplase (tPA, Activase) Nursing Considerations
Streptokinase (Streptase) Nursing Considerations
7 - Anticonvulsants
Anticonvulsants
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Nursing Considerations
Divalproex (Depakote) Nursing Considerations
Gabapentin (Neurontin) Nursing Considerations
Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Nursing Considerations
Levetiracetam (Keppra) Nursing Considerations
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Nursing Considerations
8 - Antidepressants
Antidepressants
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Nursing Considerations
MAOIs
Selegiline (Eldepyrl) Nursing Considerations
SSRIs
Escitalopram (Lexapro) Nursing Considerations
Fluoxetine (Prozac) Nursing Considerations
Paroxetine (Paxil) Nursing Considerations
Sertraline (Zoloft) Nursing Considerations
TCAs
Amitriptyline (Elavil) Nursing Considerations
9 - Antidiabetic Agents
Antidiabetic Agents
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Nursing Considerations
Metformin (Glucophage) Nursing Considerations
Insulin
Insulin – Rapid Acting (Novolog, Humalog) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Short Acting (Regular) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Intermediate Acting (NPH) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)
Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
10 - Antihistamines
Histamine 1 Receptor Blockers
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Nursing Considerations
Promethazine (Phenergan) Nursing Considerations
Histamine 2 Receptor Blockers
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Nursing Considerations
Famotidine (Pepcid) Nursing Considerations
Ranitidine (Zantac) Nursing Considerations
11 - Antihypertensives
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Sympatholytics (Alpha & Beta Blockers)
Atenolol (Tenormin) Nursing Considerations
Metoprolol (Toprol XL) Nursing Considerations
Propranolol (Inderal) Nursing Considerations
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitors
Captopril (Capoten) Nursing Considerations
Enalapril (Vasotec) Nursing Considerations
Lisinopril (Prinivil) Nursing Considerations
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Losartan (Cozaar) Nursing Considerations
Calcium Channel Blockers
Amlodipine (Norvasc) Nursing Considerations
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Nursing Considerations
Nifedipine (Procardia) Nursing Considerations
Verapamil (Calan) Nursing Considerations
Cardiac Glycosides
Digoxin (Lanoxin) Nursing Considerations
12 - Anti-Infectives
Anti-Infective – Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin (Garamycin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Metronidazole (Flagyl) Nursing Considerations
Nystatin (Mycostatin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Antitubercular
Isoniazid (Niazid) Nursing Considerations
Rifampin (Rifadin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Antivirals
Acyclovir (Zovirax) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Carbapenems
Meropenem (Merrem) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Nursing Considerations
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Glycopeptide
Vancomycin (Vancocin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Lincosamide
Clindamycin (Cleocin) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Macrolides
Erythromycin (Erythrocin) Nursing Considerations
Azithromycin (Zithromax) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Amoxicillin (Amoxil) Nursing Considerations
Ampicillin (Omnipen) Nursing Considerations
Cefaclor (Ceclor) Nursing Considerations
Cefdinir (Omnicef) Nursing Considerations
Cephalexin (Keflex) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) Nursing Considerations
Anti-Infective – Tetracyclines
Tetracycline (Panmycin) Nursing Considerations
13 - Antipsychotics
Atypical Antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Nursing Considerations
Antipsychotics
Haloperidol (Haldol) Nursing Considerations
Quetiapine (Seroquel) Nursing Considerations
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Nursing Considerations
14 - Autonomic Nervous System Meds
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Methylphenidate (Concerta) Nursing Considerations
Sympathomimetics (Alpha (Clonodine) & Beta (Albuterol) Agonists)
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) Nursing Considerations
Dopamine (Inotropin) Nursing Considerations
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) Nursing Considerations
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Nursing Considerations
Parasympatholytics (Anticholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Atropine (Atropen) Nursing Considerations
Benztropine (Cogentin) Nursing Considerations
Diphenoxylate-Atropine (Lomotil) Nursing Considerations
15 - Bronchodilators & Respiratory Drugs
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) Nursing Considerations
Bronchodilators
Albuterol (Ventolin) Nursing Considerations
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Salmeterol (Serevent) Nursing Considerations
16 - Diuretics
Diuretics (Loop, Potassium Sparing, Thiazide, Furosemide/Lasix)
Furosemide (Lasix) Nursing Considerations
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) Nursing Considerations
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing Considerations
Mannitol (Osmitrol) Nursing Considerations
17 - GI Meds
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Nursing Considerations
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Nursing Considerations
Lactulose (Generlac) Nursing Considerations
Loperamide (Imodium) Nursing Considerations
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Nursing Considerations
Ondansetron (Zofran) Nursing Considerations
Pancrelipase (Pancreaze) Nursing Considerations
Sucralfate (Carafate) Nursing Considerations
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Omeprazole (Prilosec) Nursing Considerations
Pantoprazole (Protonix) Nursing Considerations
18 - Hormone & Immune Related Drugs
Epoetin Alfa
Epoetin (Epogen) Nursing Considerations
Glucagon (GlucaGen) Nursing Considerations
Iodine Nursing Considerations
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Propylthiouracil (PTU) Nursing Considerations
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Nursing Considerations
19 - Lipid Lowering Drugs
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Nursing Considerations
20 - Mineral and Electrolyte Drugs
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate in Pregnancy
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Nursing Considerations
Calcium Acetate (PhosLo) Nursing Considerations
Calcium Carbonate (Tums) Nursing Considerations
Ferrous Sulfate (Iron) Nursing Considerations
Alendronate (Fosamax) Nursing Considerations
21 - Mood Stabilizers
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium (Lithonate) Nursing Considerations
22 - Non-Opioid Analgesics
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Nursing Considerations
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Nursing Considerations
NSAIDs
ASA (Aspirin) Nursing Considerations
Celecoxib (Celebrex) Nursing Considerations
Ibuprofen (Motrin) Nursing Considerations
Indomethacin (Indocin) Nursing Considerations
Ketorolac (Toradol) Nursing Considerations
Naproxen (Aleve) Nursing Considerations
23 - OB Meds
Tocolytics
Terbutaline (Brethine) Nursing Considerations
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
Meds for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Methylergonovine (Methergine) Nursing Considerations
Oxytocin (Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
Prostaglandins in Pregnancy
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
Lung Surfactant for Newborns
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn
Phytonadione (Vitamin K) for Newborn
Hepatitis B Vaccine for Newborns
24 - Opioid Analgesics
Opioids
Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy
Butorphanol (Stadol) Nursing Considerations
Codeine (Paveral) Nursing Considerations
Fentanyl (Duragesic) Nursing Considerations
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lortab) Nursing Considerations
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Nursing Considerations
Meperidine (Demerol) Nursing Considerations
Methadone (Methadose) Nursing Considerations
Morphine (MS Contin) Nursing Considerations
Nalbuphine (Nubain) Nursing Considerations
Oxycodone (OxyContin) Nursing Considerations
25 - Sedatives / Hyponotics
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Barbiturates
Phenobarbital (Luminal) Nursing Considerations
Pentobarbital (Nembutal) Nursing Considerations
Anesthetic Agents
Propofol (Diprivan) Nursing Considerations
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Nursing Considerations
26 - Steroids
Corticosteroids
Betamethasone and Dexamethasone in Pregnancy
Cortisone (Cortone) Nursing Considerations
Dexamethasone (Decadron) Nursing Considerations
Fluticasone (Flonase) Nursing Considerations
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Nursing Considerations
27 - Vasodilators
Hydralazine
Hydralazine (Apresoline) Nursing Considerations
Nitro Compounds
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) Nursing Considerations
Nitroprusside (Nitropress) Nursing Considerations
28 - Vasopressors
Vasopressin
Epinephrine (EpiPen) Nursing Considerations
Norepinephrine (Levophed) Nursing Considerations
Vasopressin (Pitressin) Nursing Considerations
29 - Medications By Class
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Anti-Infective – Aminoglycosides
Anti-Infective – Carbapenems
Anti-Infective – Macrolides
Anti-Infective – Fluoroquinolones
Anti-Infective – Sulfonamides
Anti-Infective – Tetracyclines
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Anti-Infective – Antivirals
Anti-Infective – Lincosamide
Thrombolytics
Anticonvulsants
Antidiabetic Agents
Sympatholytics (Alpha & Beta Blockers)
Anti-Infective – Antitubercular
Anti-Infective – Glycopeptide
Bronchodilators
Opioids
Barbiturates
Anesthetic Agents
30- Antineoplastics
Antineoplastics
Alkylating Agents
Antimetabolites
Anti Tumor Antibiotics
Plant Alkaloids Topoisomerase and Mitotic Inhibitors
31 – Medication Infusion
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
Epidural
Insulin Drips