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Med-Surge 3
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Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

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Outline

Overview

  1. Hypoparathyroidism
    1. Underactive parathyroid glands
    2. Low PTH levels

Nursing Points

General

  1. Parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone (PTH)
  2. Hypoparathyroidism = less PTH
  3. Purpose of PTH
    1. Bones release calcium into blood
    2. Intestines absorb calcium
    3. Kidneys retain calcium
    4. Kidneys excrete phosphorus out in urine
  4. Not enough PTH
    1. Decreased calcium levels –>increased nerve excitability –>tetany (muscle spasms)
      1. Seizures
      2. Arrhythmias
    2. Increased phosphorus levels
  5. Causes of hypoparathyroidism
    1. Surgery
    2. Autoimmune disease
    3. Genetics
    4. Radiation

Assessment

  1. Presentation
    1. Muscle spasms
      1. Bronchospasms –> difficulty breathing
    2. Tingling/numbness
      1. Around mouth
      2. Fingers
    3. Muscle aches
    4. Fatigue
    5. Seizures
    6. Irregular heart rhythm
  2. Doctor orders
    1. Calcium level
    2. PTH level
    3. Phosphorus level

Therapeutic Management

  1. Calcium supplements
  2. Vitamin D supplements
  3. Cardiac monitoring –>watch rhythm
  4. Anti-epileptic medications

Nursing Concepts

  1. Hormone Regulation –> low parathyroid hormone levels (PTH)
  2. Nutrition
    1. Low calcium –> need food high in
    2. High Phosphorus –> need food low in
  3. Patient Education –> choose foods carefully

Patient Education

  1. Eat foods rich in calcium
    1. Dairy
    2. Green leafy veggies
    3. Orange juice
  2. Limit phosphorus rich food
    1. Meat
    2. Whole grains
    3. Carbonated beverages
  3. Follow up blood tests twice per year
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Transcript

Hey guys! In this lesson we’ll explore what hypoparathyroidism is and what happens in the body.

So with hypoparathyroidism, the parathyroid glands are underactive, meaning they aren’t making enough of the parathyroid hormones or PTH. Let’s explore what PTH does normally for our body.

So PTH has many functions. It makes the bones release calcium into the blood. It makes the intestines absorb calcium and the kidneys retain calcium. PTH also tells the kidneys to excrete phosphorus out in urine. So in hypoparathyroidism, there is less PTH, so let’s explore what happens in the body with less PTH.

Less PTH results in less calcium in the body, which in turn increases nerve excitability. This means there are increased impulses sent through the nervous system, which affects the nerves and muscle movement. For example, the patient with hypoparathyroidism may have tetany, or muscle spasms. The increased impulses could cause seizures or heart arrhythmias. Without enough PTH to tell the kidneys to excrete phosphorus, the phosphorus levels in the body will increase. Next let’s talk about the causes of hypoparathyroidism.

Hypoparathyroidism may be caused by the surgery, like if the patient had hyperparathyroidism and had to have the parathyroid glands removed. Autoimmune diseases can cause antibodies to attack to glands causing injury and decreased PTH production. Those with family histories of the disease are more likely to get it. Radiation to treat cancer can also injure the glands. Next we will talk about what the patient looks like.

So the patient will likely have muscle spasms from that increased nerve excitability. This includes spasms in the lungs known as bronchospasms. This can make it hard to breath. Tingling and numbness can occur around the mouth and in the fingers. The patient may feel tired and experience seizure or heart palpitations.

So if the patient is having those symptoms, the doctor may order a lab draw to test the calcium, PTH, and phosphorus levels to help diagnose the disease. If the patient is then diagnosed, we will begin management of hypoparathyroidism.

So to help manage the disease, we will administer calcium and vitamin D supplements. Remember that vitamin D is needed for the body to absorb calcium. Cardiac monitoring may be ordered to watch the rhythm of the heart. Anti-epileptic medications may be ordered to prevent or stop seizures.

The patient with hypoparathyroidism will need education on what they can and cannot eat. We should encourage foods high in calcium like dairy, green leafy veggies, and orange juice. The patient should limit food that is high in phosphorus like meat, whole grains, and carbonated beverages. It’s important that they follow up with blood tests twice a year to keep an eye on the PTH levels.

Our priority nursing concepts for the patient with hypoparathyroidism include hormone regulation, nutrition, and patient education.

Okay, now let’s review the key points from this lesson. Hypoparathyroidism involves underactive parathyroid glands which results in low PTH. Less PTH means less calcium in the blood, resulting in increased nerve excitability. This can cause seizures, tetany or muscle spasms, and heart arrhythmias. The doctor may order labs to help diagnose the disease like PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels. Hypoparathyroidism is managed with Calcium and vitamin D supplements, anti-seizure medications, and PTH lab work as ordered by the doctor. We should encourage our patients to eat foods high in calcium like dairy and green leafy veggies, and eat foods low in phosphorus like meat.

That’s it for the lesson on hypoparathyroidism! No go out and be your best self today, and as always, happy nursing!



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Med-Surge 3

Concepts Covered:

  • Gastrointestinal
  • Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
  • Disorders of Pancreas
  • Oncology Disorders
  • Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
  • Upper GI Disorders
  • Medication Administration
  • Lower GI Disorders
  • Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
  • Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
  • Hematologic Disorders
  • Studying
  • Substance Abuse Disorders
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Cognitive Disorders
  • Eating Disorders
  • Depressive Disorders
  • Personality Disorders
  • Psychotic Disorders
  • Trauma-Stress Disorders
  • Bipolar Disorders
  • Developmental Considerations
  • Concepts of Mental Health
  • Health & Stress
  • Psychological Emergencies
  • Somatoform Disorders
  • Communication
  • Test Taking Strategies
  • Adult
  • Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
  • Intraoperative Nursing
  • Microbiology
  • Cardiac Disorders
  • Vascular Disorders
  • Nervous System
  • Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • Immunological Disorders
  • Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
  • Dosage Calculations
  • Understanding Society
  • Circulatory System
  • Concepts of Pharmacology
  • Newborn Care
  • Adulthood Growth and Development
  • Respiratory Disorders
  • Postoperative Nursing
  • Pregnancy Risks
  • Neurological
  • Postpartum Complications
  • Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
  • Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
  • Learning Pharmacology
  • Prenatal Concepts
  • Tissues and Glands
  • Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
  • Endocrine
  • Renal Disorders
  • Disorders of Thermoregulation
  • Female Reproductive Disorders
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
  • Shock

Study Plan Lessons

05.02 Liver Overview and Disease for CCRN Review
Airway Suctioning
Antidiabetic Agents
Cirrhosis Case Study (45 min)
Colonoscopy
Encephalopathies
Enteral & Parenteral Nutrition (Diet, TPN)
Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleed Concept Map
Insulin
Insulin Mnemonic (Ready, Set, Inject, Love)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Crohn’s Disease
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cushings Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hepatitis (Liver Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cushing’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for GI (Gastrointestinal) Bleed
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pancreatitis
Nursing Case Study for Hepatitis
08.01 Psychological Review for CCRN Review
Addiction – Behavioral Problems Nursing Mnemonic (The 5 D’s)
Albumin Lab Values
Alcohol Withdrawal (Addiction)
Alcohol Withdrawal Case Study (45 min)
Alcoholism – Outcomes Nursing Mnemonic (BAD)
Alprazolam (Xanax) Nursing Considerations
Altered Mental Status- Delirium and Dementia for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Alzheimer – Diagnosis Nursing Mnemonic (The 5 A’s)
Ammonia (NH3) Lab Values
Anorexia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANOREXIA)
Antianxiety Meds
Antianxiety Meds
Antidepressants
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Antipsychotics
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders (PTSD, Anxiety, Panic Attack) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Atypical Antipsychotics
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines Nursing Mnemonic (Donuts and TLC)
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Lab Values
Bulimia – Signs and Symptoms 1 Nursing Mnemonic (BULIMIA)
Bulimia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (WASHED)
Buspirone (Buspar) Nursing Considerations
Calcium-Ca (Hypercalcemia, Hypocalcemia)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Nursing Considerations
Chloride-Cl (Hyperchloremia, Hypochloremia)
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Nursing Considerations
Cholesterol (Chol) Lab Values
Cognitive Impairment Disorders
Creatinine (Cr) Lab Values
Day in the Life of a Hospice, Palliative Care Nurse
Day in the Life of a Mental Health Nurse
Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
Dementia Nursing Mnemonic (DEMENTIA)
Depression
Depression Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (SIGNS)
Depression Concept Map
Diazepam (Valium) Nursing Considerations
Disruptive Behaviors, Aggression, Violence for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Dissociative Disorders
Divalproex (Depakote) Nursing Considerations
Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa)
Encephalopathy Case Study (45 min)
End of Life for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
End-of-Life and Palliative Care (Organ and Tissue Donation, Advance Directives, Care Withholding, Family Presence) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Escitalopram (Lexapro) Nursing Considerations
Fluoxetine (Prozac) Nursing Considerations
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Grief and Loss
Grief and Loss
Haloperidol (Haldol) Nursing Considerations
Handling Death and Dying
Head to Toe Nursing Assessment (Physical Exam)
Homicidal and Suicidal Ideation for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hypochondriasis (Hypochondriac)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Nursing Considerations
Lithium (Lithonate) Nursing Considerations
Lithium Lab Values
Liver Function Tests
Lorazepam (Ativan) Nursing Considerations
Magnesium-Mg (Hypomagnesemia, Hypermagnesemia)
Manic Attack – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DIG FAST)
MAO Inhibitors Nursing Mnemonic (TIPS)
MAOIs
Meds for Alzheimers
Mental Health Course Introduction
Metabolic Alkalosis
Methadone (Methadose) Nursing Considerations
Midazolam (Versed) Nursing Considerations
Mood Disorders (Bipolar, Depression) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Mood Disorders (Bipolar)
Mood Stabilizers
Mood Stabilizers
Nurse-Patient Relationship
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome / Delirium Tremens
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Alzheimer’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anxiety
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Depression
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dissociative Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mood Disorders (Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Paranoid Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Personality Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Schizophrenia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Suicidal Behavior Disorder
Nursing Case Study for (PTSD) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Nursing Case Study for Bipolar Disorder
Nursing Case Study for Mania (Manic Syndrome)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Nursing Considerations
Oxycodone (OxyContin) Nursing Considerations
Palliative Care for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Paranoid Disorders
Paroxetine (Paxil) Nursing Considerations
Personality Disorders
Phases of Nurse-Client Relationship
Phosphorus-Phos
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Postmortem Care
Potassium-K (Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia)
Psychological Disorders (Anxiety, Depression) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Quetiapine (Seroquel) Nursing Considerations
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia Case Study (45 min)
Self Concept
Senile Dementia – Assess for Changes Nursing Mnemonic (JAMCO)
Sertraline (Zoloft) Nursing Considerations
Sodium-Na (Hypernatremia, Hyponatremia)
Somatoform
Somatoform Disorder Case Study (30 min)
SSRI’s Nursing Mnemonic (Effective For Sadness, Panic, and Compulsions)
SSRIs
Substance Abuse (Alcohol, Drug Withdrawal) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Substance Abuse (Chronic Alcohol Abuse, Chronic Drug Abuse) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Substance Abuse (Drug-Seeking Behavior) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Suicidal Behavior
TCAs
Therapeutic Communication
Therapeutic Drug Levels (Digoxin, Lithium, Theophylline, Phenytoin)
Thought Disorders (Psychosis, Schizophrenia) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Total Bilirubin (T. Billi) Lab Values
Types of Schizophrenia
Urinalysis (UA)
Vitamin B12 Lab Values
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
6 Rights of Medication Administration
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Adenosine (Adenocard) Nursing Considerations
Amiodarone (Pacerone) Nursing Considerations
Anesthetic Agents
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Anti-Platelet Aggregate
Antianxiety Meds
Antidepressants
Atenolol (Tenormin) Nursing Considerations
Atropine (Atropen) Nursing Considerations
Barbiturates
Bariatric: IV Insertion
Basics of Calculations
Benztropine (Cogentin) Nursing Considerations
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Nursing Considerations
Buspirone (Buspar) Nursing Considerations
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) Nursing Considerations
Cefdinir (Omnicef) Nursing Considerations
Celecoxib (Celebrex) Nursing Considerations
Codeine (Paveral) Nursing Considerations
Combative: IV Insertion
Complex Calculations (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Nursing Considerations
Dark Skin: IV Insertion
Dimensional Analysis Nursing (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Diphenoxylate-Atropine (Lomotil) Nursing Considerations
Drawing Blood from the IV
Drawing Up Meds
Drug Interactions Nursing Mnemonic (These Drugs Can Interact)
Epoetin Alfa
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn
Fentanyl (Duragesic) Nursing Considerations
Geriatric: IV Insertion
Giving Medication Through An IV Set Port
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Nursing Considerations
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) Nursing Considerations
Hanging an IV Piggyback
How to Remove (discontinue) an IV
How to Secure an IV (chevron, transparent dressing)
Hydralazine
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lortab) Nursing Considerations
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Nursing Considerations
IM Injections
Injectable Medications
Insulin
Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)
Insulin Drips
Insulin Mixing
Interactive Pharmacology Practice
Interactive Practice Drip Calculations
IV Catheter Selection (gauge, color)
IV Complications (infiltration, phlebitis, hematoma, extravasation, air embolism)
IV Drip Administration & Safety Checks
IV Drip Therapy – Medications Used for Drips
IV Infusions (Solutions)
IV Insertion Angle
IV Insertion Course Introduction
IV Placement Start To Finish (How to Start an IV)
IV Pump Management
IV Push Medications
Ketorolac (Toradol) Nursing Considerations
Labeling (Medications, Solutions, Containers) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Nursing Considerations
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate in Pregnancy
Maintenance of the IV
Mannitol (Osmitrol) Nursing Considerations
MAOIs
Medication Errors
Medication Reconciliation Review for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Medications in Ampules
Meds for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Meperidine (Demerol) Nursing Considerations
Methadone (Methadose) Nursing Considerations
Methylergonovine (Methergine) Nursing Considerations
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Nursing Considerations
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Mood Stabilizers
Nalbuphine (Nubain) Nursing Considerations
Needle Safety
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Nursing Considerations
NG Tube Med Administration (Nasogastric)
NG Tube Medication Administration
Nitro Compounds
NRSNG Live | The S.O.C.K Method for Mastering Nursing Pharmacology and Never Forgetting a Medication Again
Nystatin (Mycostatin) Nursing Considerations
OB Pharm and What Drugs You HAVE to Know – Live Tutoring Archive
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Nursing Considerations
Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy
Oral Medications
Oxycodone (OxyContin) Nursing Considerations
Pain Management for the Older Adult – Live Tutoring Archive
Pain Management Meds – Live Tutoring Archive
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
Pediatric Dosage Calculations
Pentobarbital (Nembutal) Nursing Considerations
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics Nursing Mnemonic (ADME)
Pharmacology Course Introduction
Phenobarbital (Luminal) Nursing Considerations
Phytonadione (Vitamin K) for Newborn
Pill Crushing & Cutting
Positioning
Procainamide (Pronestyl) Nursing Considerations
Propofol (Diprivan) Nursing Considerations
Quetiapine (Seroquel) Nursing Considerations
Ranitidine (Zantac) Nursing Considerations
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Selecting THE vein
Spiking & Priming IV Bags
Starting an IV
Streptokinase (Streptase) Nursing Considerations
Struggling with Dimensional Analysis? – Live Tutoring Archive
SubQ Injections
Supplies Needed
Tattoos IV Insertion
TCAs
The SOCK Method – C
The SOCK Method – K
The SOCK Method – O
The SOCK Method – Overview
The SOCK Method – S
The SOCK Method of Pharmacology 1 – Live Tutoring Archive
The SOCK Method of Pharmacology 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
The SOCK Method of Pharmacology 3 – Live Tutoring Archive
Tips & Tricks
Tips & Advice for Newborns (Neonatal IV Insertion)
Tips & Advice for Pediatric IV
Understanding All The IV Set Ports
Using Aseptic Technique
Verapamil (Calan) Nursing Considerations
03.02 Diabetes Insipidus for CCRN Review
03.01 Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) for CCRN Review
03.03 Hypoglycemia for CCRN Review
03.04 DKA vs HHNK for CCRN Review
05.02 Liver Overview and Disease for CCRN Review
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) Lab Values
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitors
Addisons Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (STEROID)
Addisons Disease
Airway Suctioning
Anion Gap
Calcium Channel Blockers
Causes of Pancreatitis Nursing Mnemonic (BAD HITS)
Cirrhosis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Bring Happy Energy)
Coagulation Studies (PT, PTT, INR)
Crohn’s Morphology and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CHRISTMAS)
Cushings Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (STRESSED)
Diabetes Insipidus Case Study (60 min)
Diabetes Insipidus Nursing Mnemonic (DDD)
Diabetes Management
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Module Intro
Diabetes Mellitus & Those Dang Blood Sugars! – Live Tutoring Archive
Diabetes Mellitus Case Study (45 min)
Diabetes Mellitus for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1- Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 P’s)
Diabetic Emergencies for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Case Study (45 min)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Diagnostic Criteria for Lupus Nursing Mnemonic (SOAP BRAIN MD)
DKA Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (KING UFC)
Hypoglycemia symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DIRE)
Hypoglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Cool and Clammy – Give ‘Em Candy)
Hypoglycemia for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TIRED)
Hypoglycemia
Hypocalcemia – Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CATS)
Hypertonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypothermia (Thermoregulation)
Hypotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Insulin
Insulin – Intermediate Acting (NPH) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)
Insulin – Rapid Acting (Novolog, Humalog) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Short Acting (Regular) Nursing Considerations
Insulin Mnemonic (Ready, Set, Inject, Love)
Intake and Output (I&O)
Iron (Fe) Lab Values
Leukemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANT)
Leukemia Case Study (60 min)
Lymphoma
Metformin (Glucophage) Nursing Considerations
Metoprolol (Toprol XL) Nursing Considerations
Multiple Myeloma
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Crohn’s Disease
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cushings Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hepatitis (Liver Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Herpes Simplex (HSV, STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperparathyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rhabdomyolysis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Addison’s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Kidney Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cushing’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes Insipidus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypoglycemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypoparathyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Leukemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Nursing Care Plan for Cirrhosis (Liver)
Nursing Case Study for Type 1 Diabetes