/

/

Pulmonary Hypertension for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Pulmonary Hypertension for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

You're watching a preview. 300,000+ students are watching the full lesson.

Master

Previous Lesson

Next Lesson

Included In This Lesson

Additional Lessons

NURSING.com students have a 99.25% NCLEX pass rate.

Outline

Pulmonary Hypertension

Definition/Etiology:

Normal mean pulmonary artery pressure is 12-16 mmHg.
Pulmonary hypertension is >20 mmHg.

Five groups of Pulmonary Hypertension:

Group 1: pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertension (PAH), which has several causes (eg, inheritable causes, drugs, connective tissue disease)
Group 2: due to left-sided heart failure (most common PH)
Group 3: due to chronic lung disorders and hypoxemia
Group 4: due to acute or chronic PE
Group 5: due to unidentified mechanisms

Pathophysiology:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (group 1): small pulmonary muscular arterioles develop vasoconstriction, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and thrombosis that involves all three layers of the vascular wall.
Pulmonary hypertension:
Group 2–elevated left-sided pressure backs up into the pulmonary system.
Group 3–restrictive (kyphosis), obstructive (COPD), hypoxia (sleep apnea, obesity hypoventilation)
Group 4–rare (1%) complication of PE. Poorly understood. Not related to genetic hypercoagulable states.

Clinical Presentation:

Exertional dyspnea / chest pain / syncope
Lethargy / fatigue

Right-sided heart failure signs and symptoms:

Ascites / hepatomegaly
Leg edema
Early satiety
RUQ pain

Collaborative Management:

EKG: right axis deviation due to RV/RA enlargement
CXR: pleural effusions
Labs: elevated BNP
Echocardiogram: RV strain, tricuspid regurg
Accurate history: travel, cocaine, diet pills, cigarettes, HIV, connective tissue disease, sleep apnea, prior DVT/PE
Possible left and right heart catheterization
Pulmonary function test
Sleep study
VQ scan or CT angio chest (PE protocol)
Treat underlying process (anticoagulation if from PEs, CPAP if from apnea, diuretics if from CHF, oxygen if from hypoxia)
Smoking cessation
Pulmonary rehab / exercise
Lung transplantation for Group 3
Heart transplantation for Group 2 (or LVAD)
Cardiology consult

Evaluation | Patient Monitoring | Education:

Oxygen saturation monitoring
Home infusion of IV medications for Group 1
Transplant center referral PRN
Importance of follow-up on sleep study / apnea treatment
Drug / smoking cessation / counseling / support
Home oxygen use and teaching re: safety
Importance of exercise / pulmonary rehab

Linchpins: (Key Points)

Treat underlying disease.
Thin right ventricular wall can’t push against high pressures.
Pressure in pulmonary system should be quite low.
Group 1 (PAH) is really bad.
LOTS of things can cause PH/PAH. You don’t have to memorize all of the groups and causes.

Unlock the Complete Study System

Used by 300,000+ nursing students. 99.25% NCLEX pass rate.

200% NCLEX Pass Guarantee.
No Contract. Cancel Anytime.

Transcript

For more great CEN prep, got to the link below to purchase the “Emergency Nursing Examination Review” book by Dr. Laura Gasparis Vonfrolio RN, PHD
https://greatnurses.com/

References:

Fedullo, P. F. (2022, March 11). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-thromboembolic-pulmonary-hypertension
Hopkins, W. (2022, September 26). Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (group 1) in adults: Pulmonary hypertension-specific therapy. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-group-1-in-adults-pulmonary-hypertension-specific-therapy
Krishnan, U (2022, June 8). Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (group 2 pulmonary hypertension) in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pulmonary-hypertension-due-to-left-heart-disease-group-2-pulmonary-hypertension-in-adults
Rubin, L. J. (2022, September 26). Clinical features and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension of unclear etiology in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-pulmonary-hypertension-of-unclear-etiology-in-adults
Rubin, L. J. (2021, November 8). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (Group 1). UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-epidemiology-and-pathogenesis-of-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-group-1
Ryu, J. H. (2022, September 7). Pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease and/or hypoxemia (group 3 pulmonary hypertension): Treatment and prognosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pulmonary-hypertension-due-to-lung-disease-and-or-hypoxemia-group-3-pulmonary-hypertension-treatment-and-prognosis

Study Faster with Full Video Transcripts

99.25% NCLEX Pass Rate vs 88.8% National Average

200% NCLEX Pass Guarantee.
No Contract. Cancel Anytime.

🚨PRICE INCREASE COMING

Lock in Lifetime Access at OVER 50% Off

reg $499 → $199

or 5 payments of $39.99

Ends January 17

Midterm

Concepts Covered:

Study Plan Lessons

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

EKG (ECG) Course Introduction

ABGs Nursing Normal Lab Values

Care of the Pediatric Patient

Coronary Artery Disease Concept Map

Electrical A&P of the Heart

Respiratory A&P Module Intro

ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation-The Basics

Computed Tomography (CT)

COPD Concept Map

Electrolytes Involved in Cardiac (Heart) Conduction

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sickle Cell Anemia

Adult Vital Signs (VS)

CT & MR Angiography

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Nasal Disorders

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Pediatric Vital Signs (VS)

Respiratory Acidosis (interpretation and nursing interventions)

Thrombocytopenia

Cardiovascular Angiography

Preload and Afterload

Respiratory Alkalosis

Congestive Heart Failure Concept Map

Echocardiogram (Cardiac Echo)

Performing Cardiac (Heart) Monitoring

Hypertension (HTN) Concept Map

Pulmonary Function Test

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Angina

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Asthma

02.02 Cardiomyopathy for CCRN Review

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Respiratory Terminology

Oncology Important Points

Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Heart (Cardiac) and Great Vessels Assessment

Intracranial Pressure ICP

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pulmonary Edema

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure CPP

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure CPP

02.08 Cardiac Catheterization & Acute Coronary Syndrome for CCRN Review

02.12 Myocardial Infarction- Inferior Wall for CCRN Review

Dementia and Alzheimers

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Immunology Module Intro

Respiratory Infections Module Intro

Sickle Cell Anemia

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Aneurysm & Dissection

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Heart Failure (CHF)

Hemoglobin (Hbg) Lab Values

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Sinus Bradycardia

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anaphylaxis

Cardiopulmonary Arrest

Hematocrit (Hct) Lab Values

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anaphylaxis

Sinus Tachycardia

Meds for Alzheimers

White Blood Cell (WBC) Lab Values

Heart (Heart) Failure Exacerbation

Platelets (PLT) Lab Values

Coagulation Studies (PT, PTT, INR)

Hypertensive Emergency

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

Tension and Cluster Headaches

1st Degree AV Heart Block

2nd Degree AV Heart Block Type 1 (Mobitz I, Wenckebach)

2nd Degree AV Heart Block Type 2 (Mobitz II)

3rd Degree AV Heart Block (Complete Heart Block)

Cholesterol (Chol) Lab Values

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Hypertension (HTN)

Pulmonary Embolism

Acute Respiratory Distress

Cardiac (Heart) Disease in Pregnancy

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiomyopathy

Respiratory Structure & Function

ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs

Respiratory Trauma Module Intro

Seizure Causes (Epilepsy, Generalized)

Increased Intracranial Pressure

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pulmonary Embolism

Anti-Platelet Aggregate

Respiratory Procedures Module Intro

Electrical Activity in the Heart

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Meningitis

Respiratory Terminology

Thrombin Inhibitors

Patient Positioning

Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

07.06 Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) for CCRN Review

Acute Bronchitis

Bronchiolitis and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Congenital Heart Defects (CHD)

Congenital Heart Defects (CHD)

Respiratory Structure & Function

Defects of Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow

Defects of Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow

Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects

Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects

Respiratory Functions of Blood

Mixed (Cardiac) Heart Defects

10.01 Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation for CCRN Review

Hierarchy of O2 Delivery

Histamine 1 Receptor Blockers

10.03 Acute Respiratory Failure for CCRN Review

Airway Suctioning

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Sympatholytics (Alpha & Beta Blockers)

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitors

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium Channel Blockers

Cardiac Glycosides

Sympathomimetics (Alpha (Clonodine) & Beta (Albuterol) Agonists)

Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations

Bronchodilators

Diuretics (Loop, Potassium Sparing, Thiazide, Furosemide/Lasix)

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids

Nitro Compounds

Anticonvulsants

Sympatholytics (Alpha & Beta Blockers)

Bronchodilators

ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation-The Basics

ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Oxygenation

ABG Course (Arterial Blood Gas) Introduction

ABGs Nursing Normal Lab Values

ABGs Tic-Tac-Toe interpretation Method

Acute Coronary Syndrome for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Acute Coronary Syndromes (MI-ST and Non ST, Unstable Angina) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Acute Inflammatory Disease (Myocarditis, Endocarditis, Pericarditis) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

AIDS Case Study (45 min)

Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Anaphylaxis Nursing Interventions for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)

Anemia for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anemia

Aneurysm (Dissecting, Repair) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Aneurysm and Dissection for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Aortic Aneurysm – Management Nursing Mnemonic (CRAM)

Aortic Aneurysm – Thoracic signs Nursing Mnemonic (PEE BADS)

Asthma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Asthma (Severe) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Asthma Concept Map

AV Blocks Dysrhythmias for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Bicarbonate (HCO3) Lab Values

Bronchiolitis and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Lab Values

Cardiac (Heart) Enzymes

Cardiac Anatomy

Cardiac Labs – What and When to Use Them 2 – Live Tutoring Archive

Cardiac Surgery (Post-ICU Care) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Cardiac/Vascular Catheterization (Diagnostic, Interventional) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Cardiogenic Shock and Obstructive Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Cardiomyopathies (Dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictive) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Cardiopulmonary Arrest for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Cardiovascular Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

CHF Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (UNLOAD FAST)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Case Study (60 min)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Heart Failure (CHF)

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Labs

Congestive Heart Failure Concept Map

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) Labs

COPD Concept Map

COPD Exacerbation for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

COPD management Nursing Mnemonic (COPD)

Coronary Artery Disease Concept Map

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Dementia Nursing Mnemonic (DEMENTIA)

Diagnostic Criteria for Lupus Nursing Mnemonic (SOAP BRAIN MD)

EKG Basics – Live Tutoring Archive

Furosemide (Lasix) Nursing Considerations

Head and Spinal Cord Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Heart (Cardiac) Failure Module Intro

Heart (Cardiac) Failure Therapeutic Management

Heart Failure for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Heart Failure 2 – Live Tutoring Archive

Heart Failure (Acute Exacerbations, Chronic) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Heart Failure – Right Sided Nursing Mnemonic (HEAD)

Heart Failure Case Study (45 min)

Heart Failure-Left-Sided Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP)

Heart Failure-Origin Nursing Mnemonic (Left – Lung|Right – Rest)

Hematocrit (Hct) Lab Values

Hematologic Disorders for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Hemoglobin (Hbg) Lab Values

Hypertension for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Hypertension (HTN) Concept Map

Hypertension (Uncontrolled) and Hypertensive Crisis for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Hypertension – Nursing care Nursing Mnemonic (DIURETIC)

Hypertension- Complications Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 C’s)

Hypertensive Crisis Case Study (45 min)

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Intracranial Pressure ICP

Leukemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANT)

Leukemia Case Study (60 min)

Management of Lyme Disease Nursing Mnemonic (BAR)

MI Surgical Intervention

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Myocardial Infarction (MI) Case Study (45 min)

Noncardiac Pulmonary Edema for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anemia

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Aortic Aneurysm

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Arterial Disorders

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Asthma

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiomyopathy

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Heart Failure (CHF)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Lyme Disease

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Thrombophlebitis (clot)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Valve Disorders

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Angina

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Endocarditis and Pericarditis

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Hypertension (HTN)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocarditis

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) & Interventions for Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Activity Intolerance

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Bronchitis

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Pain

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Alzheimer’s Disease

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anaphylaxis

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anemia

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Angina

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aortic Aneurysm

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Arterial Disorders

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchoscopy (Procedure)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiomyopathy

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cellulitis

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congenital Heart Defects

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cystic Fibrosis

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Decreased Cardiac Output

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dementia

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Emphysema

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Guillain-Barre

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypertension (HTN)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypovolemic Shock

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impaired Gas Exchange

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Leukemia

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lung Cancer

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lyme Disease

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s, Non-Hodgkin’s)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Migraines

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neutropenia

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Otitis Media / Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pericarditis

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pulmonary Embolism

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Respiratory Failure

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Restrictive Lung Diseases

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sickle Cell Anemia

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Skin cancer – Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Spinal Cord Injury

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombocytopenia

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombophlebitis / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Alzheimer’s Disease

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Angina

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aortic Aneurysm

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Arterial Disorders

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiomyopathy

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congenital Heart Defects

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Nursing Care Plan for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Nursing Care Plan for Fibromyalgia

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) & Interventions for Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Leukemia

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s, Non-Hodgkin’s)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Nursing Care Plan for Myocarditis

Nursing Care Plan for Nasal Disorders

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neutropenia

Nursing Care Plan for Pulmonary Edema

Nursing Care Plan for Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sickle Cell Anemia

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Nursing Case Study for Head Injury

Nursing Case Study for Pediatric Asthma

Obstruction for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Pain Management and Procedural Sedation for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Pain Management for the Older Adult – Live Tutoring Archive

Pain Management Meds – Live Tutoring Archive

Pain (Acute, Chronic) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Palliative Care for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations

Pediatric Bronchiolitis Labs

Platelets (PLT) Lab Values

Pleural Effusion for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Preload and Afterload

Pulmonary Embolism for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Pulmonary Embolus for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Pulmonary Hypertension for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Pulmonary Hypertension for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Red Blood Cell (RBC) Lab Values

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Lab Values

Respiratory Acidosis (interpretation and nursing interventions)

Respiratory Distress Syndrome for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Respiratory Failure (Acute, Chronic, Failure to Wean) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Respiratory Infections (Pneumonia) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Sodium and Potassium Imbalance for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury Case Study (60 min)

Steroids – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (6 S’s)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Thrombocytopenia

Thromboembolic Disease- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Treatment of Sickle Cell Nursing Mnemonic (HOP to the hospital)

Troponin I (cTNL) Lab Values

Valvular Heart Disease for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Vascular Disease for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Vascular Disease – Deep Vein Thrombosis Nursing Mnemonic (HIS Leg Might Fall off)

Venous Disorders (Chronic venous insufficiency, Deep venous thrombosis/DVT)

Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing Considerations