Fetal Circulation
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Study Tools For Fetal Circulation
Umbilical Cord Vasculature (Mnemonic)
Fetal Circulation (Cheatsheet)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (Image)
Fetal Circulation (Image)
Fetal Circulation (Picmonic)
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Outline
Overview
- Closed circulatory system
- Blood flow from mother goes to the placenta and nutrients are absorbed and oxygen diffused through fetal circulation via the umbilical cord to the fetus
Nursing Points
General
- Blood is carried to and from the placenta via the umbilical cord
- While it appears as 1 big vessel, there are 2 arteries and 1 vein within the umbilical cord
- AVA= 2 arteries, 1 vein
- While it appears as 1 big vessel, there are 2 arteries and 1 vein within the umbilical cord
- Oxygen and nutrient exchange occurs in the placenta
- Lungs and liver not fully functional; bypasses necessary to ensure adequate oxygenation
- Gas exchange does not occur via alveoli like normal in fetal lungs, they are filled with fluid.
- Because of this, there is high pressure and therefore high resistance in lungs, which plays a role in these bypasses.
Assessment
Bypasses:
- Ductus arteriosus
- Connects pulmonary artery and aorta, bypasses lungs
- Blood moves from right ventricle to pulmonary artery then through ductus to aorta to bypass the lungs
- Foramen ovale
- Connects left and right atrium in the heart, bypasses lungs
- Blood shunts R → L
- Ductus venosus
- Shunts blood from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava → bypasses liver
- Critical for quickly shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain
Therapeutic Management
- Ensure umbilical veins have good blood flow by ultrasound visualization
- These bypasses and adaptations should close on their own after birth
- If they do not, the newborn could have difficulties with perfusion and oxygenation
- Refer to Congenital Heart Defects lesson
- Murmurs
- Newborn may require support
- Refer to Congenital Heart Defects lesson
Nursing Concepts
- Reproduction
- Perfusion
- Human Development
Patient Education
- Heart murmurs can be normal for the first 24 hours post delivery due to ducts closing
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ADPIE Related Lessons
Related Nursing Process (ADPIE) Lessons for Fetal Circulation
Transcript
In this lesson I will explain how fetal circulation works in utero and how this transition occurs once the baby is born.
So let’s understand some of the big picture before we break it down. It is a closed circulatory system. So this means the maternal blood doesn’t mix with the fetal blood. So how does this happen? The nutrients from the maternal blood supply at the uterus is absorbed. So the oxygen and nutrients will now diffuse through fetal circulation by the umbilical cord to the fetus. Ok so now this umbilical cord. Remember AVA. There are two arteries and one vein. Now if you ask me it seems a little backwards on their role so let’s look at that. The two small arteries are taking waste and deoxygenated blood away from the fetus and the veins are taking oxygen rich blood to the fetus. With fetal circulation there are little bypasses throughout because the fetus doesn’t need blood to go places like the lungs and liver. So the bypasses move the blood around and get oxygenated blood where it needs to go quickly. And the last big picture point is that gas exchange does not occur by the alveoli because they are filled with fluid. They don’t need to breathe to exchange oxygen and the fluid that is there creates a high pressure and therefore high resistance in lungs, which plays a role in these bypasses that we will discuss.
Ok so now onto these bypasses. The first is the ductus arteriosus. This one connects the pulmonary artery and aorta. Blood will move from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery then through ductus to aorta and this will bypass the fetal lungs. In this image you can see here is the ductus and blood is moved from the pulmonary artery to the aorta to bypass the lungs.
The foramen ovale will connect the left and right atrium. So blood is shunted from the right to the left and this will also bypass the lungs. In this image you can see the foramen ovale is here so blood is shunted from the right atrium to left and bypass the pulmonary artery and lungs.
Our final bypass is the ductus venosus. Here blood is shunted from the umbilical vein up into the inferior vena cava so this will bypass the liver. Bypassing the liver is critical to get oxygenated blood to the fetal brain quickly. So in this image you see blood is coming through the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, which will bypass the liver taking oxygenated blood to the heart and quickly through the body.
For management of this patient we want to assess on ultrasound that proper circulation is occurring and that there is good blood flow through the umbilical veins. After birth we want to ensure that these bypasses and adaptations have closed on their own after birth. Usually by 24 hours they have. If they do not then the newborn could have difficulties with perfusion and oxygenation. Murmurs are normal so reassuring families that if a murmur is heard in the first 24 hours it is usually because these pathways are closing. For more information on when these pathways do not close refer to the Congenital Heart Defects lesson. Murmurs will really be the only education is on murmurs after delivery if they are present. Fetal circulation is a difficult topic for a nonmedical parent to understand so they do not need to be educated on so many details.
Our nursing concepts are reproduction, perfusion because it is cardiac and human development because all of this is part of development.
Ok so I don’t know about you but I think the heart is fascinating but also confusing and especially in fetal circulation so let’s review. The umbilical cord has 2 arteries and 1 vein. Remember AVA. The arteries carry the deoxygenated, nutrient depleted blood from the fetus to the mother for waste removal. The 1 vein brings the oxygenated nutrient rich blood to the fetus. For the ductus arteriosus blood moves from right ventricle to pulmonary artery then through ductus to aorta to bypass the lungs. With the foramen ovale the blood is shunted right to left between the atriums and bypasses the lungs. With the ductus venosus there is shunting from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava and this bypasses liver. And last the lungs. It is important to remember that they do not do the gas exchange. This is done at the placenta.
Make sure you check out the resources attached to this lesson and review all these pathways. Sometimes drawing it out with arrows pointing to the direction of the blood flow can help commit it to memory. Now, go out and be your best selves today. And, as always, happy nursing.
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Concepts Covered:
- Gastrointestinal
- Newborn Complications
- Pregnancy Risks
- Labor Complications
- Fetal Development
- Terminology
- Prenatal Concepts
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Newborn Care
- Labor and Delivery
- Postpartum Care
- Postpartum Complications
- Medication Administration
- Studying
- Communication
- Prefixes
- Suffixes
- Proteins
- Statistics
- Med Term Basic
- Med Term Whole
- Cardiovascular
- Circulatory System
- Nervous System
- Skeletal System
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Neurological
- Respiratory
- Urinary System
- Respiratory System
- Endocrine System
- Tissues and Glands
- Hematologic System
- Digestive System
- Reproductive System
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Preoperative Nursing
- Integumentary Disorders
- Urinary Disorders
- Muscular System
- Sensory System
- Basics of Human Biology
- Test Taking Strategies
- Adult
- Intraoperative Nursing
- Microbiology
- Cardiac Disorders
- Anxiety Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Vascular Disorders
- Upper GI Disorders
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Immunological Disorders
- Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
- Dosage Calculations
- Understanding Society
- Concepts of Pharmacology
- Hematologic Disorders
- Adulthood Growth and Development
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Respiratory Disorders
- Postoperative Nursing
- Substance Abuse Disorders
- Bipolar Disorders
- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
- Learning Pharmacology
- Psychotic Disorders
Study Plan Lessons
05.03 Jaundice for CCRN Review
Abortion in Nursing: Spontaneous, Induced, and Missed
Abruptio Placenta for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Abruptio Placentae (Placental abruption)
Acyclovir (Zovirax) Nursing Considerations
Addicted Newborn
Adult Vital Signs (VS)
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Lab Values
Ampicillin (Omnipen) Nursing Considerations
Anemia in Pregnancy
Antepartum Testing
Antepartum Testing Case Study (45 min)
Anti-Infective – Aminoglycosides
Anti-Infective – Lincosamide
Aspiration for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Babies by Term
Behind The Red Line – Live Tutoring Archive
Betamethasone and Dexamethasone
Betamethasone and Dexamethasone in Pregnancy
Bicarbonate (HCO3) Lab Values
Blood Cultures
Blood Glucose Monitoring
Blood Transfusions (Administration)
Body System Assessments
Breastfeeding
Butorphanol (Stadol) Nursing Considerations
Cardiac (Heart) Disease in Pregnancy
Causes of Chorioamnionitis Nursing Mnemonic (Pregnancies Are Very Interesting)
Causes of Labor Dystocia Nursing Mnemonic (Having Extremely Frustrating Labor)
Causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage Nursing Mnemonic (4 T’s)
Certified Nurse Midwife
Chorioamnionitis
Clindamycin (Cleocin) Nursing Considerations
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Labs
Day in the Life of a Labor Nurse
Day in the Life of a Postpartum Nurse
Dexamethasone (Decadron) Nursing Considerations
Direct Bilirubin (Conjugated) Lab Values
Discomforts of Pregnancy
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Diuretics (Loop, Potassium Sparing, Thiazide, Furosemide/Lasix)
Dystocia
Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy Case Study (30 min)
Ectopic Pregnancy for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Emergent Delivery (OB) (30 min)
Emergent Delivery for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Epidural
Episiotomy – Evaluation of Healing Nursing Mnemonic (REEDA)
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn (Erythromycin)
Factors That Can Put a Pregnancy at Risk Nursing Mnemonic (RIBCAGE)
Family Planning & Contraception
Family Planning & Signs of Pregnancy – Live Tutoring Archive
Fertilization and Implantation
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Fetal Circulation
Fetal Development
Fetal Distress Interventions Nursing Mnemonic (Stop MOAN)
Fetal Environment
Fetal Heart Monitoring (FHM)
Fetal Heart Monitoring Like A Pro – Live Tutoring Archive
Fetal Heart Monitoring Like A Pro 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Fetal Wellbeing Assessment Tests Nursing Mnemonic (ALONE)
Fundal Height Assessment for Nurses
Furosemide (Lasix) Nursing Considerations
Gestation & Nägele’s Rule: Estimating Due Dates
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Gestational Diabetes and Why YOU Should Know About It – Live Tutoring Archive
Gestational HTN (Hypertension)
Glucagon Lab Values
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Lab Values
Gravidity and Parity (G&Ps, GTPAL)
HELLP Syndrome
HELLP Syndrome – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (HELLP)
Hematomas in OB Nursing: Causes, Symptoms, and Nursing Care
Hemodynamics
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C)
Hemorrhage (Postpartum Bleeding) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hepatitis B Vaccine for Newborns
Homocysteine (HCY) Lab Values
Hydatidiform Mole (Molar pregnancy)
Hydralazine (Apresoline) Nursing Considerations
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) Nursing Considerations
Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Hyperemesis Gravidarum for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hyperglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Dry and Hot – Insulin Shot)
Hypovolemic Shock Case Study (OB sim) (60 min)
Incompetent Cervix
Infections in Pregnancy
Initial Care of the Newborn (APGAR)
Inserting a Foley (Urinary Catheter) – Female
Intra Uterine Device – Potential Problems Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)
Isotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Labor Progression Case Study (45 min)
Leopold Maneuvers
Lung Surfactant
Lung Surfactant for Newborns
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Nursing Considerations
Magnesium Sulfate in Pregnancy
Mastitis
Maternal Risk Factors
Mechanisms of Labor
Meconium Aspiration
Meds for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Meds for PPH (postpartum hemorrhage)
Menstrual Cycle
Methylergonovine (Methergine) Nursing Considerations
Newborn of HIV+ Mother
Newborn Physical Exam
Newborn Reflexes
Nifedipine (Procardia) Nursing Considerations
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Abortion, Spontaneous Abortion, Miscarriage
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Abruptio Placentae / Placental abruption
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chorioamnionitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dystocia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Ectopic Pregnancy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypertension (HTN)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Incompetent Cervix
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mastitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Maternal-Fetal Dyad Using GTPAL
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meconium Aspiration
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neonatal Jaundice | Hyperbilirubinemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Newborns
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Placenta Previa
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) / Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Preterm Labor / Premature Labor
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Process of Labor
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Nursing Care Plan for Newborn Reflexes
Nursing Case Study for Maternal Newborn
Nutrition Assessments
Nutrition in Pregnancy
Nutritional Requirements
OB (Labor) Nurse Report to OB (Postpartum) Nurses
OB Course Introduction
OB Non-Stress Test Results Nursing Mnemonic (NNN)
OB Pharm and What Drugs You HAVE to Know – Live Tutoring Archive
Obstetric Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Obstetrical Procedures
Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy
Oral Birth Control Pills – Serious Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Aches)
Oxytocin (Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Vital Signs (VS)
Physiological Changes
Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
Phytonadione (Vitamin K) for Newborn
Placenta Previa
Placenta Previa for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Possible Infections During Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (TORCH)
Post-Partum Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (BUBBLE)
Postpartum Discomforts
Postpartum Hematoma
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Postpartum Interventions
Postpartum Physiological Maternal Changes
Postpartum Thrombophlebitis
Precipitous Labor
Preeclampsia (45 min)
Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Preeclampsia: Signs, Symptoms, Nursing Care, and Magnesium Sulfate
Pregnancy Labs
Pregnancy Outcomes Nursing Mnemonic (GTPAL)
Preload and Afterload
Premature Rupture of the Membranes (PROM)
Preterm Labor
Preterm Labor for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Probable Signs of Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP BUGS)
Process of Labor
Process of Labor – Mom Nursing Mnemonic (4 P’s)
Process of Labor – Baby Nursing Mnemonic (ALPPPS)
Process of Labor – Live Tutoring Archive
Process of Labor 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Promethazine (Phenergan) Nursing Considerations
Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins in Pregnancy
Protein (PROT) Lab Values
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Rh Immune Globulin (Rhogam)
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
Signs of Pregnancy – Live Tutoring Archive
Signs of Pregnancy (Presumptive, Probable, Positive)
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing Considerations
Stages of Fetal Development Nursing Mnemonic (Proficiently Expanding Fetus)
Subinvolution
Terbutaline (Brethine) Nursing Considerations
Threatened/Spontaneous Abortion for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Tips & Advice for Newborns (Neonatal IV Insertion)
Tocolytics
Tocolytics
Top 5 Misunderstood OB Concepts – Live Tutoring Archive
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Umbilical Cord Vasculature Nursing Mnemonic (2A1V)
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin)
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
VEAL CHOP Nursing Mnemonic (Fetal Accelerations and Decelerations) (VEAL CHOP)
What the Heck is Antepartum Testing? – Live Tutoring Archive
54 Common Medication Prefixes and Suffixes
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Lab Values
Carboxyhemoglobin Lab Values
Cardiac Terminology
Diagnostic Testing Course Introduction
Diagnostics Terminology
Digestive Terminology
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Lab Values
Growth Hormone (GH) Lab Values
Hematology Oncology & Immunology Terminology
Integumentary (Skin) Terminology
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Lab Values
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) Lab Values
Medical Terminology Course Introduction
MedTerm Basic Word Structure
MedTerm Body as a Whole
MedTerm Prefixes
MedTerm Suffixes
Metabolic & Endocrine Terminology
Methemoglobin (MHGB) Lab Values
Musculoskeletal Terminology
Myoglobin (MB) Lab Values
Neuro Terminology
Pharmacology Terminology
Prealbumin (PAB) Lab Values
Procedural Terminology
Psychiatry Terminology
Reproductive Terminology
Respiratory Terminology
Sensory Terminology
Urinary Terminology
02.03 Swan-Ganz Catheters for CCRN Review
02.04 Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP) for CCRN Review
02.05 Calculating PAWP on PEEP for CCRN Review
02.07 Reading “A, C, V Waves” & PAWP Waveforms for CCRN Review
02.09 12 Lead EKG- Leads 1, 2, 3, aVL, and aVF for CCRN Review
02.10 12 Lead EKG- Lead V1-V6 for CCRN Review
02.11 12 Lead EKG- Injuries for CCRN Review
07.02 Neuro Anatomy for CCRN Review
10.01 Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation for CCRN Review
10.02 Breath Sounds for CCRN Review
ABG Course (Arterial Blood Gas) Introduction
Adrenal Gland
Alkalosis and Acidosis Nursing Mnemonic (Kick Up, Drop Down)
Anatomy & Physiology Course Introduction
Anticholinergics – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (4 Can’ts)
Arterial Blood Gases Nursing Mnemonic (ROME)
Arterial Pressure Monitoring
Atropine (Atropen) Nursing Considerations
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Beta 1 and Beta 2 Nursing Mnemonic (1 Heart, 2 Lungs)
Blood Grouping
Blood Plasma
Blood Pressure (BP) Control
Blood Vessels
Bone Structure
Bowel Elimination
Breathing Control
Breathing Movements
Calcium and Magnesium Imbalance for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Calculating Heart Rate
Cardiac (Heart) Physiology
Cardiac A&P Module Intro
Cardiac Cycle
Causes of Poor Gas Exchange Nursing Mnemonic (All People Can Value Lungs)
Cholinergic Crisis – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SLUDGE)
Connective Tissues
Cranial Nerves
Development of Bones
Digestion & Absorption
Digestive System Anatomy
Drawing Blood
Drawing Blood from the IV
EKG (ECG) Course Introduction
EKG (ECG) Waveforms
EKG Basics – Live Tutoring Archive
Electrical A&P of the Heart
Electrical Activity in the Heart
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electrolyte Imbalances for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Electrolytes – Location in Body Nursing Mnemonic (PISO)
Electrolytes Involved in Cardiac (Heart) Conduction
Electromyography (EMG)
Epithelial (Skin) Tissues
Esophagus
Female Reproductive Anatomy (Anatomy and Physiology)
Fluid & Electrolytes Course Introduction
Fluid Volume Deficit
Formation & Excretion of Urine
Gastrointestinal (GI) Course Introduction
Glands
Health Assessment Course Introduction
Hygiene
Hyperkalemia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MACHINE)
Hyperkalemia – Management Nursing Mnemonic (AIRED)
Hyperkalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Murder)
Hypernatremia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MODEL)
Increase MAP Nursing Mnemonic (VAK)
Inserting a Foley (Urinary Catheter) – Male
Intro to Circulatory System
Intro to Health Assessment
Introduction to Health Assessment
Joints
Large Intestine
Liver & Gallbladder
Male Reproductive Anatomy (Anatomy and Physiology)
Membrane Potentials
Membranes
Mouth & Oropharynx
Muscle Anatomy (anatomy and physiology)
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Cytology
Muscle Physiology
Nerve Transmission
Nervous System Anatomy
Neuro Assessment Module Intro
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchoscopy (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit
Order of Lab Draws
Oxygen Delivery Module Intro
Pancreas
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Pituitary Gland
Renal (Kidney) Acid-Base Balance
Renal (Kidney) Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Renal (Kidney) Structure & Function
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Respiratory A&P Module Intro
Respiratory Functions of Blood
Respiratory Structure & Function
Selecting THE vein
Sensory Basics
Skeletal Anatomy
Skeletal Muscle
Skin Structure & Function
Small Intestine
Sodium and Potassium Imbalance for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Spinal Cord
Stomach Video
Tattoos IV Insertion
The EKG (ECG) Graph
The Heart
Thyroid Gland
Tonicity of Solutions – Live Tutoring Archive
Trach Care
Trach Suctioning
Two pathways of the peripheral nervous system Nursing Mnemonic (SAME)
Types of Epithelial (Skin) Tissue
Urinary Elimination
Urinary System Anatomy (Anatomy and Physiology)
12 Points to Answering Pharmacology Questions
6 Rights of Medication Administration
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Adenosine (Adenocard) Nursing Considerations
Amiodarone (Pacerone) Nursing Considerations
Anesthetic Agents
Anti-Infective – Antifungals
Anti-Platelet Aggregate
Antianxiety Meds
Antidepressants
Atenolol (Tenormin) Nursing Considerations
Atropine (Atropen) Nursing Considerations
Barbiturates
Bariatric: IV Insertion
Basics of Calculations
Benztropine (Cogentin) Nursing Considerations
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Nursing Considerations
Buspirone (Buspar) Nursing Considerations
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) Nursing Considerations
Cefdinir (Omnicef) Nursing Considerations
Celecoxib (Celebrex) Nursing Considerations
Codeine (Paveral) Nursing Considerations
Combative: IV Insertion
Complex Calculations (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Nursing Considerations
Dark Skin: IV Insertion
Dimensional Analysis Nursing (Dosage Calculations/Med Math)
Diphenoxylate-Atropine (Lomotil) Nursing Considerations
Drawing Blood from the IV
Drawing Up Meds
Drug Interactions Nursing Mnemonic (These Drugs Can Interact)
Epoetin Alfa
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn
Fentanyl (Duragesic) Nursing Considerations
Geriatric: IV Insertion
Giving Medication Through An IV Set Port
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Nursing Considerations
Guaifenesin (Mucinex) Nursing Considerations
Hanging an IV Piggyback
How to Remove (discontinue) an IV
How to Secure an IV (chevron, transparent dressing)
Hydralazine
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lortab) Nursing Considerations
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Nursing Considerations
IM Injections
Injectable Medications
Insulin
Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)
Insulin Drips
Insulin Mixing
Interactive Pharmacology Practice
Interactive Practice Drip Calculations
IV Catheter Selection (gauge, color)
IV Complications (infiltration, phlebitis, hematoma, extravasation, air embolism)
IV Drip Administration & Safety Checks
IV Drip Therapy – Medications Used for Drips
IV Infusions (Solutions)
IV Insertion Angle
IV Insertion Course Introduction
IV Placement Start To Finish (How to Start an IV)
IV Pump Management
IV Push Medications
Ketorolac (Toradol) Nursing Considerations
Labeling (Medications, Solutions, Containers) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Nursing Considerations
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate in Pregnancy
Maintenance of the IV
Mannitol (Osmitrol) Nursing Considerations
MAOIs
Medication Errors
Medication Reconciliation Review for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Medications in Ampules
Meds for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Meperidine (Demerol) Nursing Considerations
Methadone (Methadose) Nursing Considerations
Methylergonovine (Methergine) Nursing Considerations
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Nursing Considerations
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Mood Stabilizers
Nalbuphine (Nubain) Nursing Considerations
Needle Safety
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Nursing Considerations
NG Tube Med Administration (Nasogastric)
NG Tube Medication Administration
Nitro Compounds
NRSNG Live | The S.O.C.K Method for Mastering Nursing Pharmacology and Never Forgetting a Medication Again
Nystatin (Mycostatin) Nursing Considerations
OB Pharm and What Drugs You HAVE to Know – Live Tutoring Archive
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Nursing Considerations
Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy
Oral Medications
Oxycodone (OxyContin) Nursing Considerations
Pain Management for the Older Adult – Live Tutoring Archive
Pain Management Meds – Live Tutoring Archive
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
Pediatric Dosage Calculations
Pentobarbital (Nembutal) Nursing Considerations
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics Nursing Mnemonic (ADME)
Pharmacology Course Introduction
Phenobarbital (Luminal) Nursing Considerations
Phytonadione (Vitamin K) for Newborn
Pill Crushing & Cutting
Positioning
Procainamide (Pronestyl) Nursing Considerations
Propofol (Diprivan) Nursing Considerations
Quetiapine (Seroquel) Nursing Considerations
Ranitidine (Zantac) Nursing Considerations
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Selecting THE vein
Spiking & Priming IV Bags
Starting an IV
Streptokinase (Streptase) Nursing Considerations
Struggling with Dimensional Analysis? – Live Tutoring Archive
SubQ Injections
Supplies Needed
Tattoos IV Insertion
TCAs
The SOCK Method – C
The SOCK Method – K
The SOCK Method – O
The SOCK Method – Overview
The SOCK Method – S
The SOCK Method of Pharmacology 1 – Live Tutoring Archive
The SOCK Method of Pharmacology 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
The SOCK Method of Pharmacology 3 – Live Tutoring Archive
Tips & Tricks
Tips & Advice for Newborns (Neonatal IV Insertion)
Tips & Advice for Pediatric IV
Understanding All The IV Set Ports
Using Aseptic Technique
Verapamil (Calan) Nursing Considerations