Anti-Infective – Penicillins and Cephalosporins

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Tarang Patel
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Included In This Lesson

Study Tools For Anti-Infective – Penicillins and Cephalosporins

Antibiotic Cheat Sheet (Cheatsheet)
140 Must Know Meds (Book)
Penicillin (Picmonic)
Cephalosporins (Picmonic)
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Outline

Overview

  1. Seven different kinds of antibiotics (focus on Penicillin and Cephalosporin in this lesson)
    1. Penicillin
    2. Cephalosporin
    3. Tetracycline
    4. Macrolide
    5. Aminoglycosides
    6. Fluroquinolone
    7. Sulfonamides
  2. Indication
    1. Penicillin
      1. Gram Positive- Bacterial Infection
        1. Streptococci
        2. Staphylococci
    2. Cephalosporin
      1. Often used in ICU Settings
        1. Septicaemia
        2. Pneumonia
        3. Meningitis
  3. Mechanism of action for penicillin
    1. Penicillin binding receptors on bacterial wall are weakened by Penicillin
      1. Results in death of bacteria
    2. Penicillin resistance can occur if given too often
      1. Bacteria produces beta lactamase enzyme to protect it from penicillin.
      2. Can penicillin with other drugs that willl kill the beta lactamase to prevent resistance.
        1. Tazobactam
        2. Clavulanate
  4. Mechanism of Action for Cephalosporins
    1. Crosses blood brain barrier and can enter the brain
    2. Resistant to beta-lactamase

Nursing Care

Overview

  1. Types of Penicillins
    1. Penicillinase-resistant
      1. Nafcillin, Oxaclin, Dicloxacillin, Cloxacillin
    2. Broad Spectrum
      1. Amoxicillin, Amocicillin-Clavulante, Ampicillin, Bacampicillin
    3. Extended Spectrum
      1. Piperacillin, Carbencillin, Ticarcillin
  2. Types of Cephalosporins
    1. First Generation
      1. Cefazolin, Cephalexin
    2. Second Generation
      1. Cefalor, Cefprozil
    3. Third Generation and Fourth Generation
      1. Broader spectrum and longer duration
      2. Cefdinir, Cefotaxime

Assessment

  1. Assess for Side Effects or allergic reaction.
    1. Fever
    2. Rash
    3. Pruritis
  2. Other side affects
    1. Stomach pain
    2. Diarrhea
    3. Kidney toxicity

Therapeutic Management

  1. Monitor closely for allergic reactions
  2. Monitor kidney function

Nursing Concepts

  1. Infection Control
    1. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat infections.
  2. Pharmacology

Patient Education

  1. Inform patients of the importance of completing the full duration of the prescription.
  2. Educate patients on the signs of allergic reactions and to notify their provider if they occur.

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Transcript

Antibiotics. In this video, we’ll mainly cover the penicillins and cephalosporins. There are seven different kinds of antibiotics are being used right now. Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Tetracycline, Macrolides, Aminoglycosides, Fluroquinolone, and Sulfonamides. In this one we gonna focus on Penicillin and Cephalosporins because they are really closely related classes to each other, so, it would be much easier to learn them together.

Okay, so, mechanism of action of penicillin. So, this is bacteria, and in the bacteria, they have a penicillin binding protein receptors on their surfaces, right there, all of them. Now, the penicillin, what it does, it binds to the bacteria by the penicillin binding proteins and it weakens the cell wall. When it weakens the cell wall, all the water goes into the bacteria and destroy the, destroy the bacteria. Basically, destroy the DNA, RNA and all sort of things. That’s why, that’s the mechanism of action of penicillin killing bacteria. Now, you may have some questions, okay. Why doesn’t kill the human cell? I mean, bacteria cell can kill the human cell as well. However, the only reason it doesn’t do on a human cell, human cell do not have cell wall. Bacteria has the cell wall. Human do not have a cell wall. Human cells do not have a cell wall. That’s the reason. That’s how penicillin will kill the bacteria cell but will not kill the human cells.

Now, bacteria cells are a little bit smarter as well. So, what they will do, because when bacteria also recognize, okay, this penicillin is weakening my cell wall. So, what they will do, they will produce this beta-lactamase or also known as penicillinase enzyme. And what that enzyme will do, it will breaks the beta lactam ring in the penicillin which is this ring in the penicillin. And that’s the important ring in order to kill the bacteria. But now, bacteria produce this enzyme and it will kill this ring. The penicillin will be ineffective. That’s why when we call this bacteria are penicillin resistance. They are not gonna get killed by penicillin, that’s how they they will opt resistance. And also, like if you use this penicillin over and over and over, and that’s how this bacteria gets the resistance to penicillin. That’s why we prefer to change antibiotic very often so they do not get resistance to any antibiotic. Now, in order to increase the effectiveness of penicillin in this case, they add some agents. Like if you see, I have two example. Piperacillin tazobactam and amoxicillin clavulanate. Now, this second part, these agents, what they will do, they will destroy this enzyme, so when they destroy this enzyme, automatically, bacteria won’t be able to kill this penicillin. And when the bacteria won’t be able to kill penicillin, the effectiveness of penicillin antibiotic will increase. So, it will require lower dose as well. So, that’s why you may see sometime often with the penicillin antibiotic like Piperacillin tazobactam, now you may be wondering what the tazobactam is. Now, you know, like the tazobactam is really important in order to increase the effectiveness of penicillin since it kills the beta lactamase enzyme.

Alright. Let’s go on. Now, penicillin are used for Gram positive bacteria; Streptococci and Staphylococci. This is not really important to remember, just for information, why they are used and for which kind of bacterias they are used.

Now, they are divided in three different categories. The Penicillinase-resistant penicillins, so, these penicillins are not affected by the enzyme produced by the bacteria which destroys the penicillin. So, these are Nafcillin, Oxacllin, Dicloxacillin, Cloxacillin. So, these penicillin do not require any kind of like tazobatam or anything in order to prevent the breakdown.

The Broad Spectrum includes the Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (It’s kinda hard to pronounce), but that’s the one in order to prevent the breakdown of amoxicillin by the enzyme that bacteria produces. Ampicillin and Bacampicillin.

Extended Spectrum includes the Piperacillin, Carbenicillin, and Ticarcillin. So, I mean, these are really easy to recognize medication, all have a -cillin at the end of their name. But they are divided in this kind of categories.

Side effects. The side effects is basically the allergy from the penicillin. Fever, rash, pruritus, and the main side effects to remember for penicillin, they decrease the RBC, WBC, and platelets. So, they basically decrease all blood cells. That’s the main one to remember, often tested on the NCLEX as well.

Now, the next drug is we gonna talk about the class Cephalosporin. They are really closely related in structure and mechanism of actions, side effects, to the penicillins. Even like I think about their classes of sensitivity to the cephalosporin and penicillin as well. So, if a patient is allergic to penicillin, there are high chances they’ll be allergic to cephalosporins. Now, as vice versa as well. Like, if they are allergic to cephalosporin, they are gonna be, there are high chances that they are gonna be allergic to penicillins as well. So, that’s the thing to remember. Like, if you have a patient and they have penicillin allergy listed as the penicillin and the physician may accidentally prescribe this cephalosporins. So, you wanna question that order and ask physician, “Do you really wanna give the patient cephalosporin even though they are allergic to penicillin?” So, okay.

And, these are the examples of cephalosporins. First generation was the first one, like really old cephalosporin, for example, Cefazolin, Cephalexin, these are the common most often used cephalosporins. They are effective against Streptococci and Staphylococci. I meant the Second generation right there. So, this is not first generation. It’s Second generation cephalosporins includes these Cefaclor, Cefprozil, these are rarely used drugs right now. First and second generation. They are really potent than first generation but the resistance beta lactamase and effective against gram-negative.

Now, this is the one they often use. The third generation and the fourth generation. And if you’re working in a neuro ICU which I used to work, on neuro ICU, you’ll see these drugs often used because these third and fourth generation can cross the CSF and can go into the brain and entry the infection. So, that’s the one important to remember the third generation. And they’re actually broader spectrum and longer duration than first and second generation as well, and they are resistance to beta-lactamase as well. So, they do not get resistance to those bacterias really easily. And this is the fourth generation, I have seen this one used very very often in neuro ICU because they have even less side effects compared with the third generation as well and it can enter the CSF.

So, these are all the examples of cephalosporin. There are lot, but easy way to remember they all have a Cef- pretty much in the beginning. So, these cephalosporin examples.

Side effects is kinda same with the penicillin. Like, allergy, fever, rash, pruritus. Instead of decrease in all blood cells like as the penicillin does, this medication do not do those decrease in blood cells but they can have GI problems like a stomach pain, like a diarrhea, those kinds of stuff, those kind of complains. And this medication can cause kidney toxicity. So, you really wanna monitor the kidney function if a patient is on this antibiotic. You wanna monitor creatinine and BUN in order to make sure the kidney functions are good. And you do not wanna give any patient this medication if their kidney functions are impaired as well.

So, those are the side effects and contraindication. Those are the information about the penicillin and cephalosporins. If you have any questions, you can ask us, e-mail us. Thanks for watching.

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Community Health Course Introduction
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Rh Immune Globulin (Rhogam)
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Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
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Epoetin Alfa
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
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Addiction – Behavioral Problems Nursing Mnemonic (The 5 D’s)
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Adrenal Gland Hormones Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 S’s)
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Alcoholism – Outcomes Nursing Mnemonic (BAD)
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Alkalosis and Acidosis Nursing Mnemonic (Kick Up, Drop Down)
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Anion Gap
Anion Gap
Anion Gap Acidosis 1 Nursing Mnemonic (KULT)
Anion Gap Acidosis 2 Nursing Mnemonic (MUDPILES)
Anorexia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANOREXIA)
Antepartum Testing
Anticholinergics – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (4 Can’ts)
Antinuclear Antibody Lab Values
Antinuclear Antibody Lab Values
Aortic Aneurysm – Management Nursing Mnemonic (CRAM)
Aortic Aneurysm – Thoracic signs Nursing Mnemonic (PEE BADS)
Aortic Stenosis Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SAD)
Appendicitis – Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)
ARDS causes Nursing Mnemonic (GUT PASS)
Arterial Blood Gases Nursing Mnemonic (ROME)
Assessment for Myasthenic Crisis Nursing Mnemonic (BRISH)
Assessment of a Burn Nursing Mnemonic (SCALD)
Assessment of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Nursing Mnemonic (GBS=PAID)
Asthma management Nursing Mnemonic (ASTHMA)
At Risk for Gout Nursing Mnemonic (MALE)
AVPU Mnemonic (The AVPU Scale)
Bacterial Endocarditis – Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Be Joan Of Arc)
Base Excess & Deficit
Benzodiazepines Nursing Mnemonic (Donuts and TLC)
Beta 1 and Beta 2 Nursing Mnemonic (1 Heart, 2 Lungs)
Beta Hydroxy (BHB) Lab Values
Beta Hydroxy (BHB) Lab Values
Bicarbonate (HCO3) Lab Values
Bicarbonate (HCO3) Lab Values
Bleeding Complications (Minor) Nursing Mnemonic (BEEP)
Bleeding Precautions Nursing Mnemonic (RANDI)
Blood Type O Nursing Mnemonic (Universally Odd)
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Lab Values
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Lab Values
BPH Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (FUN WISE)
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Lab Values
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Lab Values
Bulimia – Signs and Symptoms 1 Nursing Mnemonic (BULIMIA)
Bulimia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (WASHED)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Lab Values
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Lab Values
Cancer – Early Warning Signs Nursing Mnemonic (CAUTION UP)
Cancer – Nursing Priorities Nursing Mnemonic (CANCER)
Canes Nursing Mnemonic (COAL)
Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Lab Values
Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Lab Values
Carboxyhemoglobin Lab Values
Carboxyhemoglobin Lab Values
Cardiac (Heart) Enzymes
Cardiac (Heart) Enzymes
Cardiac Valves Blood Flow Nursing Mnemonic (Toilet Paper my Ass)
Caring Licensed Practical Nurse Nursing Mnemonic (CLPN)
Causes of Anaphylaxis Nursing Mnemonic (Many Boys Love Food)
Causes of Chorioamnionitis Nursing Mnemonic (Pregnancies Are Very Interesting)
Causes of Dyspnea Nursing Mnemonic (The 6 P’s)
Causes of Labor Dystocia Nursing Mnemonic (Having Extremely Frustrating Labor)
Causes of Pancreatitis Nursing Mnemonic (BAD HITS)
Causes of Poor Gas Exchange Nursing Mnemonic (All People Can Value Lungs)
Causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage Nursing Mnemonic (4 T’s)
Causes of Renal Calculi Nursing Mnemonic (Patients Complain of Pain and Difficulty Urinating)
Chest Tube Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (Two AA’s)
CHF Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (UNLOAD FAST)
Child Abuse/Neglect – Warning Signs Nursing Mnemonic (CHILD ABUSE)
CHO, CHO, CHON Nursing Mnemonic (CHO, CHO, CHON)
Cholesterol (Chol) Lab Values
Cholesterol (Chol) Lab Values
Cholinergic Crisis – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SLUDGE)
Chorioamnionitis
Circulatory Checks (5 P’s) Nursing Mnemonic (The 5 P’s)
Cirrhosis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Bring Happy Energy)
Cleft Lip Repair – Post Op Care Nursing Mnemonic (CLEFT LIP)
Coagulation Studies (PT, PTT, INR)
Coagulation Studies (PT, PTT, INR)
Common Pathogens for UTI Nursing Mnemonic (KEEPS)
Common Signs of Parkinson’s Nursing Mnemonic (SMART)
Community Health Tool Nursing Mnemonic (MAP-IT)
Complications of Spinal Cord Injuries Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDEFG)
Complications of Thoracentesis Nursing Mnemonic (Patients Sometimes Bleed Internally)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Labs
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Labs
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) Labs
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) Labs
COPD management Nursing Mnemonic (COPD)
Cor Pulmonale – Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Please Read His Text)
Coronary Arteries – Location Nursing Mnemonic (I have a RIGHT to CAMP if you LEFT off the AC)
Cortisol Lab Vales
Cortisol Lab Vales
Cranial Nerve Mnemonic 01 Nursing Mnemonic (Olympic Opium Occupies Troubled Triathletes After Finishing Vegas Gambling Vacations Still High)
Cranial Nerve Mnemonic 02 Nursing Mnemonic (Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet AH!)
Cranial Nerve Mnemonic 03 Nursing Mnemonic (On Old Obando Tower Top A Filipino Army Guards Villages And Huts)
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Lab Values
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Lab Values
Creatinine (Cr) Lab Values
Creatinine (Cr) Lab Values
Creatinine Clearance Lab Values
Creatinine Clearance Lab Values
Crohn’s Morphology and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CHRISTMAS)
Cultures
Cultures
Cushings Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (STRESSED)
Cyanotic Defects Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 T’s)
Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (CCP) Lab Values
Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (CCP) Lab Values
D-Dimer (DDI) Lab Values
D-Dimer (DDI) Lab Values
Decrease ICP Nursing Mnemonic (Craniums Excite Me)
Dementia Nursing Mnemonic (DEMENTIA)
Depression Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (SIGNS)
Diabetes Insipidus Nursing Mnemonic (DDD)
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1- Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 P’s)
Diagnostic Criteria for Lupus Nursing Mnemonic (SOAP BRAIN MD)
Diarrhea – Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (BRAT)
Direct Bilirubin (Conjugated) Lab Values
Direct Bilirubin (Conjugated) Lab Values
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Dissociative Disorders
Diverticulitis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Fix His Abscess SOon)
DKA Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (KING UFC)
Drug Interactions Nursing Mnemonic (These Drugs Can Interact)
Drugs for Bradycardia & Low Blood Pressure Nursing Mnemonic (IDEA)
Drugs that Cause SJS Nursing Mnemonic (I C NASA)
Dysrhythmias Labs
Dysrhythmias Labs
Ectopic Pregnancy
Eczema
Electrolytes – Location in Body Nursing Mnemonic (PISO)
Emergency Drugs Nursing Mnemonic (LEAN)
Environmental Health Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (I PREPARE)
Epiglottitis – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (AIR RAID)
Episiotomy – Evaluation of Healing Nursing Mnemonic (REEDA)
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Lab Values
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Lab Values
Evaluation of Irregular Moles Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDE)
Exercise Guidelines Nursing Mnemonic (FIT)
Factors That Can Put a Pregnancy at Risk Nursing Mnemonic (RIBCAGE)
Family Planning & Contraception
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Fetal Distress Interventions Nursing Mnemonic (Stop MOAN)
Fetal Wellbeing Assessment Tests Nursing Mnemonic (ALONE)
Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP) Lab Values
Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP) Lab Values
Fibrinogen Lab Values
Fibrinogen Lab Values
Fire Safety 1 Nursing Mnemonic (PASS)
Fire Safety 2 Nursing Mnemonic (RACE)
Flu Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (FACTS)
Fluid Compartments
Free T4 (Thyroxine) Lab Values
Free T4 (Thyroxine) Lab Values
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Lab Values
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Lab Values
GERD causes Nursing Mnemonic (Reflux Is Probably Mean)
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Global Symptoms for Brain Tumors Nursing Mnemonic (HAS)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Glucagon Lab Values
Glucagon Lab Values
Glucose Lab Values
Glucose Lab Values
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Lab Values
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Lab Values
Gluten Free Diet Nursing Mnemonic (BROW)
Gravidity and Parity (G&Ps, GTPAL)
Growth Hormone (GH) Lab Values
Growth Hormone (GH) Lab Values
Heart Failure – Right Sided Nursing Mnemonic (HEAD)
Heart Failure-Left-Sided Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP)
Heart Failure-Origin Nursing Mnemonic (Left – Lung|Right – Rest)
Heart Sounds Nursing Mnemonic (APE To Man – All People Enjoy Time Magazine)
HELLP Syndrome – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (HELLP)
Hematocrit (Hct) Lab Values
Hematocrit (Hct) Lab Values
Hemodynamics
Hemoglobin (Hbg) Lab Values
Hemoglobin (Hbg) Lab Values
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C)
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C)
Hemorrhagic Stroke Risk Factors Nursing Mnemonic (HATS)
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Lab Values
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Lab Values
Hiatal Hernia Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Her Belly Really Hurts Following Dinner)
High Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Kings Eat Big Cakes)
High Risk Behavior Nursing Mnemonic (HEADSS)
Homocysteine (HCY) Lab Values
Homocysteine (HCY) Lab Values
Human Growth & Development Course Introduction
Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)
Hypercalcemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (GROANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, OVERTONES)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Hyperglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Dry and Hot – Insulin Shot)
Hyperkalemia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MACHINE)
Hyperkalemia – Management Nursing Mnemonic (AIRED)
Hyperkalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Murder)
Hypernatremia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MODEL)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (FRIED)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (SWINE)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SALT)
Hypertension – Nursing care Nursing Mnemonic (DIURETIC)
Hypertension- Complications Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 C’s)
Hypocalcemia – Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CATS)
Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TIRED)
Hypoglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Cool and Clammy – Give ‘Em Candy)
Hypoglycemia symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DIRE)
Hypokalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (6 L’s)
Hyponatremia- Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SALT LOSS)
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms (in Pediatrics) Nursing Mnemonic (FINES)
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (RAT BED)
IADLS (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) Nursing Mnemonic (SCUM)
Incompetent Cervix
Increase MAP Nursing Mnemonic (VAK)
Inflammation- Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (HIPER)
Insulin Mnemonic (Ready, Set, Inject, Love)
Interventions for Aphasia Nursing Mnemonic (PROP)
Intra Uterine Device – Potential Problems Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)
Intrarenal Causes of Acute Kidney Injury Nursing Mnemonic (TONIC)
Ionized Calcium Lab Values
Ionized Calcium Lab Values
Iron (Fe) Lab Values
Iron (Fe) Lab Values
Ischemic (CVA) Stroke Labs
Ischemic (CVA) Stroke Labs
Lab Panels
Lab Panels
Lab Values Course Introduction
Lab Values Course Introduction
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Lab Values
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Lab Values
Lactic Acid
Leukemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANT)
Levels of consciousness Nursing Mnemonic (Never Carry Dirty Socks Or Smelly Clothes)
Levels of Prevention
Lidocaine Toxicity – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SAMS)
Lipase Lab Values
Lipase Lab Values
Lithium Lab Values
Lithium Lab Values
Liver Function Tests
Liver Function Tests
Low Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Cake Everyday)
Lymphoma – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (NURSE For Pete’s Sake)
Management of Glomerulonephritis Nursing Mnemonic (Please Help Deliver Diuretics)
Management of Lyme Disease Nursing Mnemonic (BAR)
Management of Pressure Ulcers (Pressure Injuries) Nursing Mnemonic (SKIN)
Manic Attack – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DIG FAST)
MAO Inhibitors Nursing Mnemonic (TIPS)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Nursing
Mastitis
Maternal Risk Factors
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Lab Values
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Lab Values
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) Lab Values
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) Lab Values
Meconium Aspiration
Medication Classess for IBD Nursing Mnemonic (Sometimes I Can’t Answer)
Medications for Pancreatitis Nursing Mnemonic (Please Make Tummy Better)
Medications to Prevent Seizures Nursing Mnemonic (Pretty Little Liars Forever)
Meningitis Assessment Findings Nursing Mnemonic (FAN LIPS)
Menstrual Cycle
Metabolic Acidosis (interpretation and nursing diagnosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis
Methemoglobin (MHGB) Lab Values
Methemoglobin (MHGB) Lab Values
Mnemonic for Organ Systems (MR DICE RUNS)
Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DEMYELINATION)
Murmur locations Nursing Mnemonic (hARD ASS MRS. MSD)
Myocardial Infarction Nursing Mnemonic (MONATAS)
Myoglobin (MB) Lab Values
Myoglobin (MB) Lab Values
OB Non-Stress Test Results Nursing Mnemonic (NNN)
OLD CARTS Mnemonic (OLD CARTS)
Oral Birth Control Pills – Serious Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Aches)
Order of Lab Draws
Order of Lab Draws
Pain Assessment Questions Nursing Mnemonic (OPQRST)
Pediatric Bronchiolitis Labs
Pediatric Bronchiolitis Labs
Pharmacokinetics Nursing Mnemonic (ADME)
Phosphorus (PO4) Blood Test Lab Values
Phosphorus (PO4) Blood Test Lab Values
Planning Community Health Interventions Nursing Mnemonic (PRECEDE-PROCEED)
Platelets (PLT) Lab Values
Platelets (PLT) Lab Values
Pneumonia Labs
Pneumonia Labs
Pneumonia Risk Factors Nursing Mnemonic (VENTS)
Pneumothorax Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (P-THORAX)
Possible Infections During Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (TORCH)
Post-Partum Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (BUBBLE)
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Potassium-K (Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia)
Prealbumin (PAB) Lab Values
Prealbumin (PAB) Lab Values
Pregnancy Labs
Pregnancy Labs
Pregnancy Outcomes Nursing Mnemonic (GTPAL)
Premature Rupture of the Membranes (PROM)
Preterm Labor
Probable Signs of Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP BUGS)
Procalcitonin (PCT) Lab Values
Procalcitonin (PCT) Lab Values
Process of Labor – Mom Nursing Mnemonic (4 P’s)
Process of Labor – Baby Nursing Mnemonic (ALPPPS)
Promotion and Evaluation of Normal Elimination Nursing Mnemonic (POOPER SCOOP)
Prostate Nursing Mnemonic (FUN)
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Lab Values
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Lab Values
Protein (PROT) Lab Values
Protein (PROT) Lab Values
Protein in Urine Lab Values
Protein in Urine Lab Values
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Pulmonary edema treatment Nursing Mnemonic (MAD DOG)
Pupil Reactions Nursing Mnemonic (PERRLA)
Reactivation of Herpes Zoster Nursing Mnemonic (FICA)
Reasons for a Bronchoscopy Nursing Mnemonic (Please Assess His Weird Bronchoscopy Results)
Reasons for Chest Tube Nursing Mnemonic (Don’t Ever Fail)
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Lab Values
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Lab Values
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Lab Values
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Lab Values
Renal (Kidney) Failure Labs
Renal (Kidney) Failure Labs
Respiratory Acidosis (interpretation and nursing interventions)
Respiratory Alkalosis
Restrictive Lung Disease Causes Nursing Mnemonic (PAINT)
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (RHEUMATOID)
Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis Nursing Mnemonic (5-F’s)
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis Nursing Mnemonic (ACCESS)
ROME – ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation
Safety Check Nursing Mnemonic (MADLE)
SBAR Communication Nursing Mnemonic (SBAR)
Schizophrenia
Scleroderma Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CREST)
Seizure Causes Nursing Mnemonic (VITAMIN)
Seizure Documentation Nursing Mnemonic (TDOC)
Senile Dementia – Assess for Changes Nursing Mnemonic (JAMCO)
Sepsis Labs
Sepsis Labs
Shock – Signs and symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TV SPARC CUBE)
Shorthand Lab Values
Shorthand Lab Values
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)
Signs of Osteoarthritis Nursing Mnemonic (OSTEO)
Signs of Pregnancy (Presumptive, Probable, Positive)
Sprains and Strains – Nursing Care Nursing Mnemonic (RICE)
SSRI’s Nursing Mnemonic (Effective For Sadness, Panic, and Compulsions)
Stages of Fetal Development Nursing Mnemonic (Proficiently Expanding Fetus)
Stages of Hepatitis Nursing Mnemonic (PIP)
Steps in the Nursing Process 1 Nursing Mnemonic (ADPIE)
Steps in the Nursing Process 2 Nursing Mnemonic (AAPIE)
Steps In The Nursing Process 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SOAPIE)
Steroids – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (6 S’s)
Stoke Assessments Nursing Mnemonic (FAST)
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism Nursing Mnemonic (SWEATING)
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism Nursing Mnemonic (MOM’S SO TIRED)
Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome Nursing Mnemonic (NAPHROTIC)
Symptoms of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Nursing Mnemonic (COAT)
TB Drugs Nursing Mnemonic (RIPE)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Lab Values
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Lab Values
Thyroxine (T4) Lab Values
Thyroxine (T4) Lab Values
Total Bilirubin (T. Billi) Lab Values
Total Bilirubin (T. Billi) Lab Values
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Lab Values
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Lab Values
Toxicity Sepsis- Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 6 T’s)
Tracheal Esophageal Fistula – Sign and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 C’s)
Traction – Nursing Care Nursing Mnemonic (TRACTION)
Transient Incontinence – Common Causes Nursing Mnemonic (P-DIAPERS)
Trauma – Assessment (Emergency) Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDEFGHI)
Trauma – Complications Nursing Mnemonic (TRAUMATIC)
Trauma Surgery – Medical History Nursing Mnemonic (AMPLE)
Treatment of Sickle Cell Nursing Mnemonic (HOP to the hospital)
Triage Nursing Mnemonic (START)
Triiodothyronine (T3) Lab Values
Triiodothyronine (T3) Lab Values
Troponin I (cTNL) Lab Values
Troponin I (cTNL) Lab Values
Two pathways of the peripheral nervous system Nursing Mnemonic (SAME)
Types of Anemia Nursing Mnemonic (Always Introduce Special Patients)
Types of Hemorrhoids Nursing Mnemonic (Pie)
Ulcerative Colitis – Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (MADE 10)
Umbilical Cord Vasculature Nursing Mnemonic (2A1V)
Urinalysis (UA)
Urinalysis (UA)
Urinary Elimination
Urine Culture and Sensitivity Lab Values
Urine Culture and Sensitivity Lab Values
Vascular Disease – Deep Vein Thrombosis Nursing Mnemonic (HIS Leg Might Fall off)
Vascular disease – Raynaud’s symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (COLD HAND)
Vasospasm Therapy Nursing Mnemonic (Triple H Therapy)
VEAL CHOP Nursing Mnemonic (Fetal Accelerations and Decelerations) (VEAL CHOP)
Vitamin B12 Lab Values
Vitamin B12 Lab Values
Vitamin D Lab Values
Vitamin D Lab Values
Vitamins – Fat Soluble Nursing Mnemonic (All Dogs Eat Kibble)
Vitamins – Water Soluble Nursing Mnemonic (Birth Control)
Walkers Nursing Mnemonic (Wandering Wilma Always Late)
White Blood Cell (WBC) Lab Values
White Blood Cell (WBC) Lab Values
Who Needs Dialysis Nursing Mnemonic (AEIOU)