Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
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Study Tools For Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
DKA Treatment (Mnemonic)
DKA Pathochart (Cheatsheet)
DKA vs HHNS (Cheatsheet)
Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus (Image)
Treatment for DKA and HHNS (Image)
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Outline
Overview
- Severe Hyperglycemia with Ketoacidosis
Pathophysiology:
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs with severe hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. This occurs because the blood sugar is so elevated and there is not enough insulin to take the sugar to the cell. The cell needs energy. Since the cell can not get the energy from the sugar (because no insulin) it uses fatty acids for energy. As the body burns up fatty acids to produce energy, it produces a by-product. The by-product of this process is ketones which is acidic. As acids build up this will cause metabolic acidosis. As the ketones build up in the body the patient will spill ketones into the urine showing positive ketones in the urine. The body will do Kussmaul respirations to try and breathe out the CO2 and get rid of the acid.
Nursing Points
General
- Type I Diabetes Mellitus – Acute Exacerbation
- Body has NO insulin→ can’t get glucose into cell → breaks down fatty acids for energy → Ketones (Acids)
- Sudden onset → stress, infection
Assessment
- Ketoacidosis
- Acidosis (pH <7.35, HCO3- <22)
- Ketones in Urine
- Fruity Breath (due to ketones)
- Kussmaul Respirations
- Trying to breathe off Co2 to compensate for acidosis
- Patients can tire easily
- Hyperkalemia
- K+ leaves the cell to compensate for acidemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Blood Glucose 400-600 mg/dL
- Severe Dehydration
- Osmotic Diuresis
- Polyuria
- ↑ BUN, Creatinine
- Altered LOC (cellular dehydration)
Therapeutic Management
- First nursing action = begin fluid replacement and check electrolytes
- Treatment Priority = correct acidosis
- Insulin therapy → so the body can STOP breakdown of fatty acids
- Without insulin, DKA will continue to progress, despite fluid replacement
- Insulin therapy continues until anion gap acidosis has fully resolved
- Continue replacing fluids as needed
- Helps manage the dehydration caused by the hyperosmolarity
- Monitor neurological status
- Monitor and treat electrolyte imbalances
Nursing Concepts
- Acid-Base Balance
- Monitor Arterial Blood Gases and Anion Gap
- Monitor Respiratory status
- Glucose Metabolism
- Blood sugar checks q1h
- Intensive insulin therapy (IV – Regular Insulin)
- May continue even after blood sugar down (goal = correct acidosis)
- Evaluate urine for glucose/ketones
- Fluid & Electrolytes
- Give IV Fluids (IVF)
- Monitor electrolytes & replace as needed
- Potassium may ↓ with insulin therapy
- May add KCl to IVF
Patient Education
- Continue to monitor blood sugars and take insulin even on a sick day
- Do not skip doses of insulin
- Signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia (before DKA) to alert to a problem earlier
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Transcript
Hey guys, my name is Brad and welcome to nursing.com. And in today’s video, we’re going to be discussing diabetic ketoacidosis, also known as DKA, a lot of the pathophysiology behind it, some signs and symptoms, as well as how we’re going to treat our patient. Let’s dive in.
So in DKA, what we’re essentially looking at here is too much sugar and too much acid, right? We call it diabetic ketoacidosis. Okay. Another way to think about it is diabetes causing acidosis. That’s essentially exactly what we have here. We have an acidosis which is brought on by diabetes, right? Remembering that diabetes is too much blood glucose. So we’re having too much sugar and this, through the release and break down of something called ketones, ends up causing acidosis.
So let’s actually discuss some of the pathophysiology of diabetes. Well, the first thing to know is that insulin is produced in the pancreas, right? From something in the pancreas called a beta cell. Beta cell is directly responsible for releasing insulin from the pancreas. Okay. And in instances where patients have diabetes, we basically have a breakdown in our beta cells and issues with insulin production. So as a result, we don’t have enough insulin being made. Now, why is this important? So here’s the way that I like to think about it. Right? Think about the cell of our body being a club, a nightclub and insulin is a bouncer at the front door, sitting on the surface of that cell, sitting outside of that nightclub. The only way that our friend glucose can get into the cell or get into the club is through this bouncer, insulin. Insulin is directly responsible for allowing glucose into the cell. Now, what would happen in cases such as diabetes, if insulin were not getting produced, if insulin called into work sick that night, and he’s not showing up at the club, he can’t allow glucose into the cell. If there’s no insulin on the surface of that cell glucose cannot get into the cell. And as a result, glucose is just going to build up in our vessels in our blood. And this is hyperglycemia. Now, what’s important to know here is two different kinds of concepts that would actually normally occur in a normally functioning pancreas, a person who does not have diabetes. Basically, how is glucose stored in instances of hyperglycemia, where we have too much blood sugar and how is glucose released into the blood in times of hypoglycemia, where we don’t have enough glucose in the blood. So there are two different things, right? The first one here is something called gluconeogenesis. Okay. This is essentially, in instances where we have hyperglycemia, where we have too much sugar in the blood, we’re going to lock some of this glucose away, right? We’re going to lock it away, in a glucose reserve, in a glucose storage container called glycogen. And then there is a second process called glycogenolysis. Okay. We already said that we’re, we’re storing glucose in these storage containers called glycogen. In glycogenolysis, we’re breaking open those storage containers, right? All in an attempt to release that glucose into the bloodstream. This is done by breaking down the glycogen reserves in the liver, breaking down the glycogen reserves in those fatty cells in order to release extra glucose into the bloodstream.
So let’s dive into the pathophysiology of the ketoacidosis component of DKA, right? What exactly is occurring here? A patient has diabetes. So we have low insulin production. We have no insulin release. As a result, the insulin is not there on the surface of the cell, like a bouncer, allowing glucose into the cell. Therefore, glucose is going to build up in that bloodstream, as we’ve already mentioned, resulting in hyperglycemia. Okay. We got that. If we have no insulin allowing glucose into the cell and we have excess glucose building up in the bloodstream, instead of going to the cell, it’s building up in the bloodstream, how does our brain interpret this, right? How’s our brain interpreting this? Well, our brain is thinking, why the heck are these cells not getting glucose, right? Why is there no glucose in these cells? Basically, the brain is saying our cells are being starved of glucose although we have hyperglycemia. Although we have an extreme excess amount of glucose in our blood, we’re not getting that glucose into those cells where it needs to go. The brain says, wait a minute, our cells are starving for glucose, they need more glucose. And so what does the body do to compensate? It attempts to release more glucose. It’s saying, Hey, we don’t have, we must not have, enough glucose in our blood. Let’s release more so that these starving cells can get the glucose they need. And how does our body release the glucose from those glycogen storages, remember, it does it through glycogenolysis right? The actual breakdown of those glycogen storages. So what occurs, as I mentioned in the previous slide, we’re going to break down the glycogen reserves in the liver. We’re also going to break down the glycogen reserves in those fatty cells. Now, the problem is, whenever we actually break down one of these fatty cells where glycogen is being stored, sure, we’re going to release glucose, right? That’s what our brain is telling our body to do. A by-product of the glycogenolysis that occurs in these fatty cells is the release of ketones as well. Now, similar to CO2, if you have seen that video, CO2 is an acid. Okay? So are ketones, they are also an acid. This is important. As we mentioned in our ABGs video, we have a very narrow pH range, a normal pH range of 7.35 to 7.45. If we have an excess of release of ketones into the blood, this is going to drive our pH to become more acidic, therefore becoming less than 7.35. And we will recall from our ABGs video that because that range is so narrow, any alterations going below 7.35 or above 7.45 can lead to cellular destruction. It’s incredibly problematic in patients. And this is what the entire issue with the cascade of symptoms with diabetic ketoacidosis is. Again, we have too much blood glucose in our blood because we don’t have insulin. It can’t get to the cells. The cells are starving. The brain says, Hey, our cells are starving, we need to release more blood glucose. Glycogenolysis occurs. The release of glucose occurs leading to further hyperglycemia. Oh, and by the way, here’s some ketones on top, releasing those acidic ketones into the blood leading to acidosis.
So regarding some assessment findings of DKA, patients are going to have fruity breath. That’s a hallmark sign of patients who have DKA. Ketones because of that glycogenolysis, right? Dehydration can also occur, right? Also altered levels of consciousness, right? Our pH is low, less than 7.35, we are acidotic, we have cellular alteration in our blood pH. We can have altered levels of consciousness. We’re also going to see, again, hyperglycemia, typically a capillary blood glucose greater than 250. We’re also going to be doing, regarding our assessment, Q1 hour glucose checks, as well as frequent neuro checks related to that altered levels of consciousness. And we’re also going to be checking Q2 hour BMPs. We’re basically going to be looking at the amount of bicarbonate that their body is producing, wanting to make sure as we treat and correct their acidosis, we’re wanting to make sure that their bicarbonate levels are getting back to a normal range, as well as, again, you’ll remember from our ABGs video, bicarbonate is released to neutralize excessive acids and to restore a more normal blood pH level.
So how are we going to treat the patient in DKA? The first thing is we’re definitely going to use regular IV insulin. Again, we are insulin deficient in a patient who has diabetes, first of all, much less than one in DKA. We need insulin, right? So that, that excessive glucose in the bloodstream can go back into the cells where it belongs, but we’re going to be treating with IV insulin. We’re also going to be seeing hypotonic dextrose solutions. So imagine as you’re treating with IV insulin, patients blood glucose is to drop. And sometimes it can drop rapidly patients who are sitting there with a blood glucose of 400 for instance, if you drop them from 400 to 200, although 200 is still considered greatly hyperglycemic, you’re going to drop them too quickly. So one of the ways that we treat that is by using a hypotonic dextrose containing solution, it would be something like D5W (5% Dextrose in Water) or D5 ½ NS (5% Dextrose and 0.45 Sodium Chloride). The entire idea being that although we’re treating hyperglycemia with regular IV insulin, we don’t want their blood glucose to drop too rapidly as this is also dangerous. So we’re going to administer at a particular rate, some dextrose containing fluids to prevent their blood glucose from dropping too rapidly. Something else that’s also important to know is, not only is that insulin on that cell, you know, a bouncer to allow glucose in, also as a by-product insulin also allows potassium to go into the cells as well. Right? So what can actually occur as you’re administering insulin is you can have a depletion of your potassium levels. All of the potassium that was inside of your blood vessel is now going into the cell. And as a result, you can have hypokalemia. So we may end up seeing some electrolyte repletion being given as well.
And so to summarize some of our key points with DKA, remember in diabetic ketoacidosis, there’s too much sugar and there’s too much acid, right? Hyperglycemia resulting in ketoacidosis. This is why we call it diabetes causing acidosis. Also make sure that you’re familiar with the normal physiology that normally occurs, that fine balance of insulin production as well as glucose allocation, right? Through two different ways, right, either gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis. Remember how those two work together to maintain that fine balance of blood glucose. And then taking that knowledge and applying it to the pathophysiology associated with DKA. Make sure that you’re familiar with the different assessment findings and understanding that they all come back to the fact that we do not have enough insulin being produced. And we have an abundant production of glucose within the blood, as well as the release of ketones and all of the therapeutic management that we just discussed.
Guys, that was diabetic ketoacidosis. And now, you know, I hope that you guys go out there and be your best selves today. And as always, happy nursing.
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Nursing Care Plan for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Nursing Care Plan for Osteomyelitis
Nursing Care Plan for Nasal Disorders
Nursing Care Plan for Myocarditis
Nursing Care Plan for Macular Degeneration
Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer
Nursing Care Plan for Hiatal Hernia
Nursing Care Plan for Herpes Simplex (HSV, STI)
Nursing Care Plan for Hemorrhoids
Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI)
Nursing Care Plan for Gastritis
Nursing Care Plan for Fractures
Nursing Care Plan for Fibromyalgia
Nursing Care Plan for Endometriosis
Nursing Care Plan for Distributive Shock
Nursing Care Plan for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Nursing Care Plan for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan for Cirrhosis (Liver)
Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI)
Nursing Care Plan for Amputation
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Trigeminal Neuralgia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for West Nile Virus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Tuberculosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombophlebitis / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombocytopenia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thoracentesis (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Testicular Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Syncope (Fainting)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Stroke (CVA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Stomach Cancer (Gastric Cancer)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Spinal Cord Injury
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Skull Fractures
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Skin cancer – Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sepsis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Seizures
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rubeola – Measles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Risk for Fall
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rhabdomyolysis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Restrictive Lung Diseases
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Respiratory Failure
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Renal Calculi
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pulmonary Embolism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Psoriasis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Prostate Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pressure Ulcer / Decubitus Ulcer (Pressure Injury)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pneumothorax/Hemothorax
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pneumonia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pericarditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Parkinson’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pancreatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Ovarian Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Osteoporosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Osteoarthritis (OA), Degenerative Joint Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Nutrition Imbalance
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neutropenia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mumps
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meniere’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s, Non-Hodgkin’s)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lyme Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lung Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Leukemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Kidney Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis / Crohn’s Disease)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impetigo
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypoparathyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypoglycemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperthermia (Thermoregulation)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperparathyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Herpes Zoster – Shingles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hepatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Guillain-Barre
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gout / Gouty Arthritis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Glomerulonephritis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Glaucoma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for GI (Gastrointestinal) Bleed
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Epididymitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Endocarditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Encephalopathy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Emphysema
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diverticulosis / Diverticulitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes Insipidus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dementia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cushing’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Colorectal Cancer (Colon Cancer)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Kidney Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cervical Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cellulitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchoscopy (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Breast Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Brain Tumors
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bowel Obstruction
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, and Ewing Sarcoma)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Blunt Chest Trauma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bladder Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bell’s Palsy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aspiration
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Arterial Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aortic Aneurysm
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Angina
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anaphylaxis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Addison’s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Pain
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Kidney Injury
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Bronchitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Activity Intolerance
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Abdominal Pain
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) & Interventions for Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Pneumonia
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis (OA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Hypertension (HTN)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Glomerulonephritis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Endocarditis and Pericarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney (Renal) Disease (CKD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Angina
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney (Renal) Injury (AKI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Valve Disorders
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Ulcerative Colitis(UC)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Tuberculosis (TB)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Thrombophlebitis (clot)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Testicular Torsion
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Syphilis (STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIRS & MODS
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sickle Cell Anemia
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sepsis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Seizure
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Scleroderma
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rhabdomyolysis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pulmonary Embolism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pulmonary Edema
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Psoriasis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pneumothorax & Hemothorax
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Parkinsons
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pancreatitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Osteomyelitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Myasthenia Gravis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Menopause
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Meningitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Male Infertility
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Lyme Disease
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Ischemic Stroke (CVA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Influenza (Flu)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperparathyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Herpes Zoster – Shingles
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Herpes Simplex (HSV, STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hepatitis (Liver Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hemorrhoids
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hemorrhagic Stroke (CVA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Heart Failure (CHF)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Gout
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Gonorrhea (STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Epididymitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Endometriosis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Diverticulosis – Diverticulitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Distributive Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cushings Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Crohn’s Disease
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cirrhosis (Liver Disease, Hepatic encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Chlamydia (STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Asthma
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Arterial Disorders
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Appendicitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Aortic Aneurysm
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anemia
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anaphylaxis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Nuclear Medicine
NRSNG Live | So You Want to be a Surgical Nurse?
Norepinephrine (Levophed) Nursing Considerations
Noncardiac Pulmonary Edema for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Nitroprusside (Nitropress) Nursing Considerations
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) Nursing Considerations
Nitro Compounds
NG (Nasogastric)Tube Management
Neurological Fractures
Neurological Disorders (Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Neurogenic Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Neuro Trauma Module Intro
Neuro Disorders Module Intro
Neuro Course Introduction
Neuro Assessment Module Intro
Neuro Anatomy
Neuro A&P Module Intro
Nephrotic Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Nursing Considerations
Nasal Disorders
Naproxen (Aleve) Nursing Considerations
Myocardial Infarction (MI) Case Study (45 min)
Musculoskeletal Module Intro
Musculoskeletal Course Introduction
Musculoskeletal Assessment
Murmur locations Nursing Mnemonic (hARD ASS MRS. MSD)
Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DEMYELINATION)
Multiple Myeloma
Morphine (MS Contin) Nursing Considerations
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Moderate Sedation
Mobility & Assistive Devices
Miscellaneous Nerve Disorders
Minimally-Invasive Thoracic Surgery (VATS) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Minimally-Invasive Cardiac Surgery (Non-Sternal Approach) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Migraines
MI Surgical Intervention
Metronidazole (Flagyl) Nursing Considerations
Metoprolol (Toprol XL) Nursing Considerations
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Nursing Considerations
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Nursing Considerations
Metformin (Glucophage) Nursing Considerations
Metabolic/Endocrine Course Introduction
Metabolic Acidosis (interpretation and nursing diagnosis)
Metabolic & Endocrine Module Intro
Meropenem (Merrem) Nursing Considerations
Meperidine (Demerol) Nursing Considerations
Meningitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Meniere’s Disease
Melanoma
Medications to Prevent Seizures Nursing Mnemonic (Pretty Little Liars Forever)
Medications for Pancreatitis Nursing Mnemonic (Please Make Tummy Better)
Medication Classess for IBD Nursing Mnemonic (Sometimes I Can’t Answer)
Mechanical Aids
Maxillofacial Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Management of Pressure Ulcers (Pressure Injuries) Nursing Mnemonic (SKIN)
Management of Lyme Disease Nursing Mnemonic (BAR)
Management of Glomerulonephritis Nursing Mnemonic (Please Help Deliver Diuretics)
Mammogram
Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) Nursing Interventions for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Malignant Hyperthermia
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Macular Degeneration
Lymphoma – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (NURSE For Pete’s Sake)
Lymphoma
Lymphatic Assessment
Lung Diseases Module Intro
Lung Cancer
Lower Gastrointestinal (GI) Module Intro
Low Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Cake Everyday)
Losartan (Cozaar) Nursing Considerations
Loperamide (Imodium) Nursing Considerations
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST) Nursing Interventions for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Local Anesthesia
Liver/Gallbladder Module Intro
Liver Cancer
Live Bedside Report Medsurg (Medical surgical)
Lisinopril (Prinivil) Nursing Considerations
Lipase Lab Values
Linen Change
Lidocaine Toxicity – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SAMS)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Nursing Considerations
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Nursing Considerations
Levels of consciousness Nursing Mnemonic (Never Carry Dirty Socks Or Smelly Clothes)
Leukemia Case Study (60 min)
Leukemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANT)
Leukemia
Lactic Acid
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Lab Values
Lacerations for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Kidney Cancer
IV Complications (infiltration, phlebitis, hematoma, extravasation, air embolism)
Isoniazid (Niazid) Nursing Considerations
Ischemic Bowel for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Ischemic (CVA) Stroke Labs
Iron (Fe) Lab Values
Ionized Calcium Lab Values
Iodine Nursing Considerations
Intubation in the OR
Introduction to Health Assessment
Intro to Health Assessment
Intrarenal Causes of Acute Kidney Injury Nursing Mnemonic (TONIC)
Intraoperative Positioning
Intraoperative Nursing Priorities
Intraoperative (Intraop) Complications
Intracranial Pressure ICP
Interventions for Aphasia Nursing Mnemonic (PROP)
Interventional Radiology
Interdisciplinary Team Participation for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Interdisciplinary Team Member Functions for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team Collaboration for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Integumentary (Skin) Module Intro
Integumentary (Skin) Important Points
Integumentary (Skin) Course Introduction
Intake and Output (I&O)
Insulin Mnemonic (Ready, Set, Inject, Love)
Insulin – Short Acting (Regular) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Rapid Acting (Novolog, Humalog) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)
Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Intermediate Acting (NPH) Nursing Considerations
Insulin
Inserting an NG (Nasogastric) Tube
Inserting a Foley (Urinary Catheter) – Male
Informed Consent
Influenza for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Case Study (45 min)
Infectious Diseases: Influenza for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Individualized Physical Assessments for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Increased Intraocular Pressure for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Impulse Transmission
Implant Verification and Availability for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Implant Records and Tracking for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Implant Preparation for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Impaired or Disruptive Behavior Reporting (Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Immunology Module Intro
Immunocompromise (HIV and AIDS, Oncology and Chemotherapy, Transplant Patient) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
ICU Nurse Report to OR (Operating)Team
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (RAT BED)
Hypovolemic and Distributive Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hypotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypothermia (Thermoregulation)
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyponatremia- Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SALT LOSS)
Hypokalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (6 L’s)
Hypoglycemia symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DIRE)
Hypoglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Cool and Clammy – Give ‘Em Candy)
Hypoglycemia for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TIRED)
Hypoglycemia
Hypocalcemia – Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CATS)
Hypertonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hyperthyroidism Case Study (75 min)
Hyperthermia (Thermoregulation)
Hypertensive Crisis Case Study (45 min)
Hypertension- Complications Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 C’s)
Hypertension for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hypertension (Uncontrolled) and Hypertensive Crisis for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Hypertension (HTN) Concept Map
Hypertension – Nursing care Nursing Mnemonic (DIURETIC)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SALT)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (SWINE)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (FRIED)
Hyperglycemia for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS)
Hypercalcemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (GROANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, OVERTONES)
Hygiene
Hydralazine
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Histamine 2 Receptor Blockers
Histamine 1 Receptor Blockers
High Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Kings Eat Big Cakes)
Hiatal Hernia Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Her Belly Really Hurts Following Dinner)
Hiatal Hernia
Hepatitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Lab Values
Hepatic Disorders (Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, Portal Hypertension) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Heparin (Hep-Lock) Nursing Considerations
Hemorrhagic Stroke Risk Factors Nursing Mnemonic (HATS)
Hemorrhagic Fevers for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hemorrhage Nursing Interventions for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Hemodialysis (Renal Dialysis)
Hematology/Oncology/Immunology Course Introduction
Hematology Module Intro
Hematologic Disorders for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Heat Temperature-related Emergencies for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Heart Failure-Origin Nursing Mnemonic (Left – Lung|Right – Rest)
Heart Failure-Left-Sided Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP)
Heart Failure for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Heart Failure Case Study (45 min)
Heart Failure 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Heart Failure (Acute Exacerbations, Chronic) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Heart Failure – Right Sided Nursing Mnemonic (HEAD)
Heart Failure – Live Tutoring Archive
Heart (Cardiac) Sound Locations and Auscultation
Heart (Cardiac) Failure Therapeutic Management
Heart (Cardiac) Failure Module Intro
Heart (Cardiac) and Great Vessels Assessment
Hearing Loss
Healthcare-Acquired Infections: Surgical Site Infections (SSI) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Healthcare-Acquired Infections: Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CAUTI) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Healthcare Team Member Supervision and Education for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Health Assessment Course Introduction
Head/Neck Assessment
Head and Spinal Cord Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
HCIR Management (Healthcare Industry Representative) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Hb (Hepatitis) Vaccine
Hazardous Material Handling and Disposition (Chemo, Radioactive) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Hand Hygiene Guideline Adherence for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Gynecological Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Gynecological Infections for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Gout Case Study (45 min)
Glucagon (GlucaGen) Nursing Considerations
Global Symptoms for Brain Tumors Nursing Mnemonic (HAS)
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Nursing Considerations
Glaucoma
GI Surgeries (Resections, Esophagogastrectomy, Bariatric) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
GI Infections (C. difficile) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
GI Bleed (Upper, Lower) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
GERD causes Nursing Mnemonic (Reflux Is Probably Mean)
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Genitourinary Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Genitourinary Infections for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Genitourinary Course Introduction
Genitourinary (GU) Assessment
General Assessment (Physical assessment)
General Anesthesia
Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleed Concept Map
Gastritis
Gabapentin (Neurontin) Nursing Considerations
Fundamentals Course Introduction
Functional Issues (Immobility, Falls, Gait Disorders) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Functional GI Disorders (Obstruction, Ileus, Diabetic Gastroparesis, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Irritable Bowel Syndrome) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Function Within Scope of Practice for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Free T4 (Thyroxine) Lab Values
Fractures (Open, Closed, Fat Embolus) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Fractures
Formulating Nursing Diagnoses for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Fluid Volume Overload
Fibromyalgia
Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP) Lab Values
Fibrinogen Lab Values
Ferrous Sulfate (Iron) Nursing Considerations
Fentanyl (Duragesic) Nursing Considerations
Explant Preparation (Final Disposition) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Evaluation of Irregular Moles Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDE)
Ethical and Professional Standards for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Essential NCLEX Meds by Class
Esophageal Varices for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Erythromycin (Erythrocin) Nursing Considerations
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Lab Values
Equipment Utilization (Manufacturers Recommendations) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Epoetin Alfa
Epoetin (Epogen) Nursing Considerations
Epinephrine (EpiPen) Nursing Considerations
Environmental Stewardship (Waste Minimization) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Environmental Factor Control for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Environmental Cleaning (Spills, Room Turnover, Terminal Cleaning) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Envenomation Emergencies for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Enteral & Parenteral Nutrition (Diet, TPN)
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Nursing Considerations
Endoscopy & EGD
Endocarditis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Encephalopathy (Hypoxic-ischemic, Metabolic, Infectious, Hepatic) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Encephalopathies
Enalapril (Vasotec) Nursing Considerations
Emergency Situation Identification for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
EENT Medications
EENT Course Introduction
Echocardiogram (Cardiac Echo)
Dysrhythmias Labs
Dysrhythmias for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Drugs that Cause SJS Nursing Mnemonic (I C NASA)
Dopamine (Inotropin) Nursing Considerations
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) Nursing Considerations
DKA Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (KING UFC)
Diverticulitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Diverticulitis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Fix His Abscess SOon)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Case Study (60 min)
Disease Specific Medications
Discharge Planning for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Discharge (DC) Teaching After Surgery
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Nursing Considerations
Different Dressings
Dialysis & Other Renal Points
Diagnostic Criteria for Lupus Nursing Mnemonic (SOAP BRAIN MD)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Case Study (45 min)
Diabetic Emergencies for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1- Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 P’s)
Diabetes Mellitus for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Diabetes Mellitus Case Study (45 min)
Diabetes Mellitus & Those Dang Blood Sugars! – Live Tutoring Archive
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Module Intro
Diabetes Management
Diabetes Insipidus Nursing Mnemonic (DDD)
Diabetes Insipidus Case Study (60 min)
Dementia and Alzheimers
Delegation and Personnel Management for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Decrease ICP Nursing Mnemonic (Craniums Excite Me)
Day in the Life of an Operating Room Nurse
Day in the Life of a Med-surg Nurse
D-Dimer (DDI) Lab Values
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Nursing Considerations
Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (CCP) Lab Values
Cushings Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (STRESSED)
Cushing’s Syndrome Case Study (60 min)
Cultures
CT & MR Angiography
Crohn’s Morphology and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CHRISTMAS)
CRNA
Critical Thinking to Facilitate Patient Care for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Creatinine Clearance Lab Values
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Lab Values
Cranial Nerve Mnemonic 03 Nursing Mnemonic (On Old Obando Tower Top A Filipino Army Guards Villages And Huts)
Cranial Nerve Mnemonic 02 Nursing Mnemonic (Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet AH!)
Cranial Nerve Mnemonic 01 Nursing Mnemonic (Olympic Opium Occupies Troubled Triathletes After Finishing Vegas Gambling Vacations Still High)
Cost Containment Measures for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Cortisol Lab Vales
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Nursing Care and General Information
Coronary Circulation
Coronary Artery Disease Concept Map
Coronary Arteries – Location Nursing Mnemonic (I have a RIGHT to CAMP if you LEFT off the AC)
Cor Pulmonale – Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Please Read His Text)
COPD management Nursing Mnemonic (COPD)
COPD Exacerbation for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
COPD Concept Map
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) Labs
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT, dialysis)
Congestive Heart Failure Concept Map
Confirming Patient Identity (Patient Identifiers) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Confirmation of Correct Procedure (Operative Site, Side, Site Marking) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Computed Tomography (CT)
Complications of Thoracentesis Nursing Mnemonic (Patients Sometimes Bleed Internally)
Complications of Spinal Cord Injuries Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDEFG)
Complications of Immobility
Compartment Syndrome for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Communication of Patient Outcomes (Continuum of Care) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Common Signs of Parkinson’s Nursing Mnemonic (SMART)
Common Pathogens for UTI Nursing Mnemonic (KEEPS)
Comfort Provisions (Behavioral Response to Procedure) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Colorectal Cancer (colon rectal cancer)
Colonoscopy
Cold Temperature-related Emergencies for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Coagulopathies, Medication-Induced (Coumadin, Platelet Inhibitors, Heparin, HIT) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Coagulation Studies (PT, PTT, INR)
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Nursing Considerations
Cirrhosis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Cirrhosis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Bring Happy Energy)
Cirrhosis Case Study (45 min)
Circulatory Checks (5 P’s) Nursing Mnemonic (The 5 P’s)
Chronic Renal (Kidney) Module Intro
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Case Study (60 min)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Case Study (45 min)
Cholecystitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
CHF Treatment Nursing Mnemonic (UNLOAD FAST)
Chest Tube Management Case Study (60 min)
Chest Tube Management
Chest Tube Management
Chest Tube Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (Two AA’s)
Chemotherapy Patients
Cervical Cancer
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure CPP
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Case Study (60 min)
Cerebral Metabolism
Cerebral Angiography
Cephalexin (Keflex) Nursing Considerations
Central Line Dressing Change
Celecoxib (Celebrex) Nursing Considerations
Causes of Renal Calculi Nursing Mnemonic (Patients Complain of Pain and Difficulty Urinating)
Causes of Pancreatitis Nursing Mnemonic (BAD HITS)
Causes of Dyspnea Nursing Mnemonic (The 6 P’s)
Causes of Anaphylaxis Nursing Mnemonic (Many Boys Love Food)
Cataracts
Cardiovascular Disorders (CVD) Module Intro
Cardiovascular Angiography
Cardiomyopathies (Dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictive) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Cardiogenic Shock For PCCN for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Cardiogenic Shock and Obstructive Shock for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Cardiac/Vascular Catheterization (Diagnostic, Interventional) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Cardiac Valves Blood Flow Nursing Mnemonic (Toilet Paper my Ass)
Cardiac Tamponade for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Cardiac Surgery (Post-ICU Care) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Cardiac Stress Test
Cardiac Labs – What and When to Use Them 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Cardiac Labs – What and When to Use Them – Live Tutoring Archive
Cardiac Course Introduction
Cardiac Arrest Nursing Interventions for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Cardiac Anatomy
Cardiac A&P Module Intro
Cardiac (Heart) Enzymes
Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Lab Values
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) Nursing Considerations
Captopril (Capoten) Nursing Considerations
Canes Nursing Mnemonic (COAL)
Cancer – Nursing Priorities Nursing Mnemonic (CANCER)
Cancer – Early Warning Signs Nursing Mnemonic (CAUTION UP)
Calcium Channel Blockers
Calcium Carbonate (Tums) Nursing Considerations
Calcium Acetate (PhosLo) Nursing Considerations
C. Difficile for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Lab Values
Burns for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Burn Injuries
Bronchoscopy
Breast Cancer Concept Map
Breast Cancer
Brain Tumors
Brain Tumors
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Lab Values
Brain Death v. Comatose
BPH Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (FUN WISE)
Bowel Perforation for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Bowel Obstruction Concept Map
Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, and Ewing Sarcoma)
Body Mechanics (Utilization) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Blunt Chest Trauma
Blood Salvage Transfusion Anticipation for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Blood Flow Through The Heart
Bleeding Precautions Nursing Mnemonic (RANDI)
Bleeding for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Bleeding Complications (Minor) Nursing Mnemonic (BEEP)
Bladder Cancer
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Nursing Considerations
Biopsy
Biohazard Material Handling and Disposition (Blood, Microbiology, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Beta Hydroxy (BHB) Lab Values
Benztropine (Cogentin) Nursing Considerations
Bed Bath
Barriers to Health Assessment
Barrier Material Selection (Procedure-Specific) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Bariatric: IV Insertion
Bariatric Surgeries
Barbiturates
Bacterial Endocarditis – Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Be Joan Of Arc)
Azithromycin (Zithromax) Nursing Considerations
Avulsions and Degloving Injuries for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
AVPU Mnemonic (The AVPU Scale)
AV Blocks Dysrhythmias for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Atrial Flutter
Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib)
Atrial Dysrhythmias for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Nursing Considerations
Atenolol (Tenormin) Nursing Considerations
At Risk for Gout Nursing Mnemonic (MALE)
Asthma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Asthma (Severe) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Assessment of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Nursing Mnemonic (GBS=PAID)
Assessment for Myasthenic Crisis Nursing Mnemonic (BRISH)
Aspiration for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
ASA (Aspirin) Nursing Considerations
Artificial Airways
ARDS causes Nursing Mnemonic (GUT PASS)
ARDS Case Study (60 min)
Appendicitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Aortic Stenosis Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SAD)
Aortic Aneurysm – Thoracic signs Nursing Mnemonic (PEE BADS)
Aortic Aneurysm – Management Nursing Mnemonic (CRAM)
Antinuclear Antibody Lab Values
Antineoplastics
Antimetabolites
Antidiabetic Agents
Anti-Infective – Antitubercular
Anticonvulsants
Anti-Platelet Aggregate
Anti-Infective – Tetracyclines
Anti-Infective – Sulfonamides
Anti-Infective – Glycopeptide
Anti-Infective – Carbapenems
Anti Tumor Antibiotics
Anion Gap Acidosis 2 Nursing Mnemonic (MUDPILES)
Anion Gap Acidosis 1 Nursing Mnemonic (KULT)
Anion Gap
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Aneurysm and Dissection for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Aneurysm (Dissecting, Repair) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Anesthetic Agents
Anesthetic Agents
Anesthesia Management Assistance for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Anemia for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Anaphylaxis Nursing Interventions for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Amputation for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Amputation Concept Map
Amputation
Amlodipine (Norvasc) Nursing Considerations
Amitriptyline (Elavil) Nursing Considerations
Altered Mental Status- Delirium and Dementia for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Altered Mental Status Nursing Mnemonic (AEIOU TIPS)
Alteplase (tPA, Activase) Nursing Considerations
Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Alkylating Agents
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALK PHOS) Lab Values
Alendronate (Fosamax) Nursing Considerations
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Lab Values
Airway Suctioning
AIDS Case Study (45 min)
Age and Culturally Appropriate Health Assessment Techniques for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Advanced Directive and DNR Status Confirmation for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Advance Directives
Adrenal Gland Hormones Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 S’s)
Adrenal and Thyroid Disorder Emergencies for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Admissions, Discharges, and Transfers
Adjunct Neuro Assessments
Addisons Disease
Addisons Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (STEROID)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Acute Renal (Kidney) Module Intro
Acute Kidney Injury Case Study (60 min)
Acute Inflammatory Disease (Myocarditis, Endocarditis, Pericarditis) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Acute Coronary Syndromes (MI-ST and Non ST, Unstable Angina) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Acute Abdomen for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitors
Accountability and Assistance for Personal Limitations for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Absolute Reticulocyte Count (ARC) Lab Values
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) Lab Values
3rd Degree AV Heart Block (Complete Heart Block)
2nd Degree AV Heart Block Type 2 (Mobitz II)
2nd Degree AV Heart Block Type 1 (Mobitz I, Wenckebach)
1st Degree AV Heart Block
10.04 Pulmonary Question Review for CCRN Review
07.10 Neurologic Review questions for CCRN Review
07.09 Meningitis for CCRN Review
06.05 Wide Complex Tachycardia for CCRN Review
06.04 Differentiating Ectopy and Aberrancy for CCRN Review
05.05 GI Practice Questions for CCRN Review
05.02 Liver Overview and Disease for CCRN Review
05.01 Pancreatitis and Large Bowel Obstruction for CCRN Review
03.05 Endocrine Practice Questions for CCRN Review
03.04 DKA vs HHNK for CCRN Review
03.03 Hypoglycemia for CCRN Review
03.02 Diabetes Insipidus for CCRN Review
03.01 Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) for CCRN Review
02.18 Cardiovascular Practice Questions for CCRN Review
02.17 Septic Shock for CCRN Review
02.16 Cardiogenic Shock for CCRN Review
02.15 Hypovolemic Shock for CCRN Review
02.14 Shock Stages for CCRN Review
02.13 Myocardial Infarction – Anterior Septal Wall for CCRN Review
02.12 Myocardial Infarction- Inferior Wall for CCRN Review
02.08 Cardiac Catheterization & Acute Coronary Syndrome for CCRN Review
02.06 Heart Murmurs for CCRN Review
02.02 Cardiomyopathy for CCRN Review