Anti-Infective – Sulfonamides
Included In This Lesson
Outline
Overview
- Overview
A. Bacteriostatic agents
B. Gram + / – organisms
C. Types
1. Sulfonamides
2. Sulfisoxazole
3. Sulfamethizole
4. Sulfasalazine
5. Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
6. Sulfadoxine / Pyrimethamine
7. Silver Sulfadiazine
8. Sulfanilamide
9. Sulfacetamide
II. II. Mechanism of Action
A. Preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid
III. III. Indications
A. Plasmodium and Toxoplasma spp
B. Inflammatory bowel disease
C. Nocardiosis
D. Urinary tract infections
E. Malaria
F. Burns
G. Vaginitis
H. Ocular infections
IV. IV. Contraindications
A. Drug allergy
B. Porphyria
C. Pregnant women
D. Infants
V. V. Interactions
A. Sulfonylureas
B. Phenytoin
C. Warfarin
D. Cyclosporine
VI. VI. Side Effects
A. Hematological
1. Agranulocytosis
2. Aplastic anemia
3. Hemolytic anemia
4. Thrombocytopenia
B. Gastrointestinal
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhea
4. Pancreatitis
C. Integumentary
1. Epidermal necrolysis
2. Exfoliative dermatitis
3. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
4. Photosensitivity
D. Other
1. Convulsions
2. Crystalluria
3. Toxic nephrosis
4. Headache
5. Peripheral neuritis
6. Urticaria
Transcript
Hey there, and today’s we are going to discuss sulfonamides, which are a certain type of antibiotic class.
Alright, quick overview. sulfonamides are bacteriostatic, meaning they stop bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them. The mechanism of action that causes these antibiotics to work is related to their ability to prevent the synthesis of folic acid – which is needed for cell growth. Sulfonamides are used to treat gram +/- organisms.
Sulfonamides all begin with SULF-, which is an easy way to remember this drug class.
Sulfonamides indications can be remembered as PINUMOBV, plasmodium / toxoplasma (parasites), IBD, nocardosis, UTI, malaria, ocular infections, burns and vaginitis.
Sulfonamides contraindications can be remembered by DIPP – drug allergy, infants (hyperbilirubinemia in neonates may cause kernicterus, porphyria – abnormalities in the chemical steps that lead to heme production), and pregnant women (as these drugs can cause birth defects).
Sulfonamides interactions include sulfonylurea, phenytoin, warfarin and cyclosporine. Interactions with warfarin cause increase in warfarin effects (SPWC).
Sulfonamides side effects are broken into four categories. The first one is hematologic and include – agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.
The second category is GI and include N/V/D and pancreatitis.
The third category is integumentary and includes epidermal necrolysis (which is widespread erythema, necrosis, and bullous detachment of the epidermis and mucous membranes, resulting in exfoliation and possible sepsis), exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (severe skin reaction) and photosensitivity.
The fourth and final category is other and includes – Convulsions, crystalluria, toxic nephrosis, headache, peripheral neuritis and urticaria.
Priority nursing concepts for sulfonamides include pharmacology and infection control.
Alright, let’s review, sulfonamides being with SULF-. Indications include plasmodium / toxoplasma (parasites), IBD, nocardosis, UTI, malaria, ocular infections, burns and vaginitis (PINUMOBV). Contraindications include drug allergy, infants, porphyria (POUR-FEAR-IA) and pregnant women (DIPP). Interactions include sulfonylurea, phenytoin, warfarin and cyclosporine (SPWC). Side effects are broken down into four categories – heme (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia) / GI (and include N/V/D and pancreatitis) / integumentary (epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and photosensitivity / other (convulsions, crystalluria, toxic nephrosis, headache, peripheral neuritis and urticaria).
You know now the important details regarding sulfonamides. Now, go out and be your best self today and as always, Happy Nursing!
Care plan
Concepts Covered:
- Basics of NCLEX
- Test Taking Strategies
- Integumentary Disorders
- Postoperative Nursing
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Emergency Care of the Trauma Patient
- Shock
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Vascular Disorders
- Communication
- Perioperative Nursing Roles
- Hematologic Disorders
- Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Cardiac Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Male Reproductive Disorders
- Infectious Disease Disorders
- Infectious Respiratory Disorder
- Intraoperative Nursing
- Medication Administration
- Urinary Disorders
- Urinary System
- Upper GI Disorders
- Preoperative Nursing
- Lower GI Disorders
- Neurological Trauma
- Neurological Emergencies
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Respiratory System
- Oncology Disorders
- Respiratory Emergencies
- Immunological Disorders
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Renal Disorders
- EENT Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Neurological Patient
- EENT Disorders
- Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
- Shock
- Studying
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Respiratory
- Emergency Care of the Respiratory Patient
- Legal and Ethical Issues
- Documentation and Communication
- Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
- Female Reproductive Disorders
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
- Microbiology
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Spinal Cord
- Integumentary Disorders
- Disorders of Thermoregulation
- Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
- Renal and Urinary Disorders
- Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
- Respiratory Disorders
- Nervous System
- Integumentary Important Points
- Tissues and Glands
- Delegation
- Factors Influencing Community Health
- Multisystem
- Cardiovascular
- Circulatory System
- Newborn Complications
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Cognitive Disorders
- Neurological
- Gastrointestinal
- Endocrine