Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pneumothorax/Hemothorax

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Study Tools For Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pneumothorax/Hemothorax

Pneumothorax (Picmonic)
Pneumothorax Pathochart (Cheatsheet)
Example Care Plan_Pneumothorax/Hemothorax (Cheatsheet)
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Pneumothorax Signs and Symptoms (Mnemonic)
Tension Pneumothorax (Image)
Left Pneumothorax CT (Image)
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Outline

 Lesson Objectives for Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pneumothorax/Hemothorax

 

  • Understanding Pneumothorax and Hemothorax:
    • Define pneumothorax and hemothorax as thoracic conditions involving the accumulation of air or blood in the pleural space, respectively.
    • Differentiate between spontaneous, traumatic, and iatrogenic causes of pneumothorax/hemothorax.
  • Recognition of Signs and Symptoms:
    • Identify the clinical manifestations of pneumothorax and hemothorax, including chest pain, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, and signs of respiratory distress.
    • Recognize the potential for hemodynamic instability in hemothorax cases.
  • Diagnostic Approaches:
    • Understand diagnostic methods such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and ultrasound to confirm the presence and extent of pneumothorax or hemothorax.
    • Recognize the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis in guiding appropriate interventions.
  • Treatment Modalities:
    • Explore treatment options, including chest tube insertion, needle aspiration, and surgical interventions for severe cases.
    • Understand the principles of lung re-expansion and blood drainage in the management of pneumothorax/hemothorax.
  • Preventive Measures and Patient Education:
    • Discuss preventive measures, particularly for individuals at risk of recurrent pneumothorax.
    • Provide patient education on recognizing symptoms, seeking prompt medical attention, and understanding post-treatment care.

Pathophysiology of Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

Pneumothorax Pathophysiology:

  • Air Accumulation: Pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates in the pleural space, the area between the visceral and parietal pleurae surrounding the lungs.
  • Negative Pressure Disruption: The presence of air disrupts the negative pressure within the pleural space, causing partial or complete lung collapse.

Hemothorax Pathophysiology:

    • Blood Accumulation: Hemothorax involves the accumulation of blood in the pleural space, typically due to trauma or injury to blood vessels within the thoracic cavity.
    • Impaired Lung Expansion: The presence of blood in the pleural space impairs lung expansion, leading to respiratory distress.

Etiology of Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

 

Pneumothorax:

  • Spontaneous Causes:
    • Primary spontaneous pneumothorax often occurs without underlying lung disease and is associated with the rupture of subpleural blebs or bullae.
    • Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax can result from underlying lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis.
  • Traumatic Causes:
    • Traumatic pneumothorax is often the result of blunt or penetrating chest injuries, such as rib fractures, gunshot wounds, or motor vehicle accidents.
    • Iatrogenic pneumothorax may occur as a complication of medical procedures, including lung biopsies or the insertion of central venous catheters.

Hemothorax:

  • Traumatic Causes:
    • Hemothorax is commonly associated with traumatic injuries to the chest, including rib fractures, penetrating wounds, or blunt trauma causing damage to blood vessels within the thoracic cavity.
    • Motor vehicle accidents, falls, and interpersonal violence are common mechanisms leading to traumatic hemothorax.
  • Iatrogenic Causes:
    • Medical procedures, such as thoracic surgeries, lung biopsies, or chest tube insertions, can result in iatrogenic hemothorax.
    • The inadvertent injury to blood vessels during these procedures may lead to bleeding into the pleural space.
  • Underlying Medical Conditions:
    • Certain medical conditions, such as blood clotting disorders or malignancies, can predispose individuals to spontaneous hemothorax.
    • Vascular abnormalities, such as aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations, may also contribute to the development of hemothorax.

Desired Outcomes for Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

 

  • Resolution of Respiratory Distress:
    • Achieve prompt resolution of respiratory distress, including dyspnea and increased work of breathing.
    • Restore normal respiratory function and alleviate symptoms associated with lung collapse or impaired lung expansion.
  • Re-expansion of the Lung:
    • Ensure re-expansion of the affected lung to its normal volume in the case of pneumothorax.
    • Promote optimal lung expansion while minimizing complications such as persistent air leaks.
  • Hemostasis and Prevention of Recurrent Bleeding:
    • Achieve hemostasis and prevent ongoing bleeding in the case of hemothorax.
    • Minimize the risk of recurrent bleeding into the pleural space and maintain pleural integrity.
  • Prevention of Complications:
    • Prevent complications associated with pneumothorax or hemothorax, such as tension pneumothorax, infection, or pleural adhesions.
    • Monitor for and promptly address any signs of worsening respiratory status or complications.
  • Restoration of Normal Chest Radiography:
    • Ensure normalization of chest radiography, confirming re-expansion of the lung and resolution of air or blood accumulation in the pleural space.
    • Confirm the absence of pneumothorax or hemothorax on imaging studies.

Pneumothorax/Hemothorax Nursing Care Plan

 

Subjective Data:

  • Dyspnea/Short of Breath
  • Restlessness/Anxiety
  • Sudden difficulty breathing 
  • Pleuritic Chest Pain (worse with inspiration)

Objective Data:

  • Diminished/Absent breath sounds over the affected side 
  • Asymmetrical/decreased chest expansion over the affected side 
  • Increased respirations 
  • Accessory Muscle Use 
  • Hyperresonance on percussion (pneumothorax)
  • Dullness on percussion (hemothorax)
  • Tracheal Deviation to unaffected side (tension pneumothorax)

Nursing Assessment for Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

 

  • Respiratory Assessment:
    • Monitor respiratory rate, depth, and effort.
    • Assess for signs of respiratory distress, such as increased work of breathing, use of accessory muscles, and cyanosis.
    • Breath Sounds:
      • Auscultate breath sounds bilaterally, comparing the affected side to the unaffected side.
      • Note any changes in breath sounds, such as decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side.
  • Vital Signs:
    • Monitor vital signs, with particular attention to changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.
    • Recognize signs of hemodynamic instability, especially in cases of hemothorax.
  • Pain Assessment:
    • Assess the location, intensity, and characteristics of chest pain.
    • Use a pain scale to quantify the level of discomfort experienced by the individual.
  • Chest Wall Inspection:
    • Inspect the chest wall for asymmetry, deformities, or injuries.
    • Note any subcutaneous emphysema, a potential sign of air leakage in pneumothorax.
  • Fluid Balance Assessment:
    • Monitor for signs of fluid imbalance, such as hypovolemia in hemothorax cases.
    • Assess skin turgor, mucous membrane moisture, and urine output.
  • Neurovascular Assessment:
    • Perform a neurovascular assessment, particularly in traumatic cases.
    • Evaluate peripheral circulation, sensation, and motor function, especially in extremities potentially affected by trauma.
  • Diagnostic Testing:
    • Review diagnostic tests, including chest X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasound, to confirm the presence, type, and extent of pleural space abnormalities.
    • Monitor trends in blood gas analysis for changes in oxygenation and ventilation.

 

Continuous assessment is crucial, especially in the immediate post-diagnosis period and during interventions such as chest tube placement. Early recognition of deteriorating respiratory status or signs of complications enables prompt intervention and optimal patient outcomes. Regular communication with the healthcare team facilitates coordinated care and adjustments to the plan as needed.

 

Implementation for Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

 

  • Pain Management:
    • Administer prescribed analgesics to alleviate chest pain and discomfort.
    • Monitor and reassess pain levels, adjusting analgesic administration as needed.
  • Respiratory Support:
    • Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed to support oxygenation and relieve respiratory distress.
    • Monitor oxygen saturation levels and adjust oxygen delivery to maintain optimal levels.
  • Chest Tube Care:
    • Assist with chest tube insertion and ensure proper placement.
    • Monitor drainage systems, documenting characteristics of pleural fluid or air.
    • Educate the individual on chest tube care and potential complications.
  • Monitoring and Response to Complications:
    • Continuously monitor vital signs, respiratory status, and chest tube drainage.
    • Recognize signs of complications such as tension pneumothorax, infection, or inadequate drainage, and respond promptly.

Nursing Interventions and Rationales of Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

 

Nursing Intervention (ADPIE) Rationale
Auscultate breath sounds  breath sounds may be diminished or absent over a pneumothorax/hemothorax. A thorough assessment can identify a problem before it worsens. Also, be sure to re-assess and listen after an intervention was done to make sure that the lung has reinflated. 
Assess Respiratory Rate  patients may present with shallow/rapid breathing due to a collapsed lung 
Assess for Chest Pain/administer analgesics  Pain can cause a patient to breathe more shallowly and can put them at risk for atelectasis. Pain relief can allow the patient to breathe more deeply. 
Assess for chest expansion  The chest can be asymmetrical due to a collapsed lung. This is especially prominent in a tension pneumothorax which is a medical emergency. 
Assess VS/hemodynamics  tension pneumothorax can cause a significant decrease in CO (low BP). Early intervention is key
Place patient in high fowler’s for better oxygenation/comfort  Approximately 90 degrees. Improves respiratory rate/effort. Better oxygenation. Good lung down positioning improves lung perfusion to the good lung and promotes reinflation of the bad lung. 
Using the IS/Flutter Valve/Deep Breathing/Cough/Turn Exercises  educate the patient the importance of using the incentive spirometer, flutter valve, and cough/deep breathing exercises that help reinflate the lungs. Collapsed lung/rapid/shallow breathing can increase risk for atelectasis and pneumonia. 
Assess oxygenation/Provide supplemental O2 if appropriate A collapsed lung cannot participate in oxygenation or gas exchange, therefore supplemental oxygen is typically required.
Prepare patient for chest tube insertion/Thoracentesis procedure  Provide proper post procedure care

Chest Tubes- help remove air or blood from the pleural space. 

Thoracentesis- drains fluid or blood from the pleural space. 

Both will allow the lungs to reinflate 

Evaluation of Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

 

  • Resolution of Respiratory Distress:
    • Assess for improvements in respiratory rate, effort, and overall respiratory distress.
    • Confirm the resolution of dyspnea and the return to normal breathing patterns.
  • Chest Tube Function:
    • Evaluate the effectiveness of chest tube drainage in re-expanding the lung (pneumothorax) or controlling bleeding (hemothorax).
    • Monitor for appropriate chest tube function and drainage characteristics.
  • Pain Relief:
    • Assess the effectiveness of pain management interventions.
    • Evaluate the individual’s comfort level and ability to participate in activities.
  • Stability of Vital Signs:
    • Monitor vital signs for stability, especially heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.
    • Evaluate the response to interventions and adjust care accordingly.
  • Complication Prevention:
    • Confirm the absence of complications such as tension pneumothorax, infection, or inadequate drainage.
    • Adjust the care plan based on ongoing assessments and individual responses.


References

  • https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367

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Transcript

Hey everyone. Today, we are going to be creating a nursing care plan for pneumothorax, hemothorax, and tension pneumothorax. So, let’s get started. So, let’s go over the pathophysiology. A pneumothorax occurs when air collects in the pleural space around the lung. A hemothorax occurs when blood collects in the pleural space around the lung. A tension pneumothorax occurs when the pressure is so great that it puts pressure onto the heart and the major blood vessels. Therefore, it will decrease the cardiac output, which is a medical emergency. Some nursing considerations you want to also take lung sounds, assess vital signs, and hemodynamics. You want to assess for chest pain, chest expansion, making sure the patients are in high fowler’s, deep breathing exercises, and preparing the patient for a chest tube or thoracentesis procedures. Some desired outcomes: you want to achieve the reinflation of the lung by removing the blood or the air to restore any sort of appropriate oxygenation and gas exchange ability. So as far as all these pressures together, this puts pressure onto the lung itself, which can make it difficult for the lungs to expand for the proper gas exchange and oxygenation to occur. Therefore, this will cause the lungs to collapse. 

So, three main types. I wanted to break this down for the first type that you see is a, what’s called a pneumothorax, a pneumothorax. This is going to be air in the pleural space, the second kind is hemothorax. So, this is going to be when there is blood in that pleural space. And lastly, tension pneumothorax. And this is when the pressure is so great that it puts pressure onto the heart or the main blood vessels. Therefore, it will decrease cardiac output. And this, once again, is a medical emergency. And I also wanted to note for you guys, there’s also what is called pleural effusions and pleural effusions are excess fluid in the pleural space.

So, we’re going to start the care plan. We’re going to first start out with going over once again, the subjective data and the objective data. So, one of the first things you’re going to see in a patient is going to be some shortness of breath, and you’re also going to see difficulty breathing. Along with the subjective data, there’s going to be some objective data. Some things you’re going to see here is they’re going to have some diminished, absent breath sounds over the affected side. Decreased chest expansion over the affected side, increased respirations accessory muscle use, and hyper resonance on percussion. And dullness on percussion, which is for a hemo, and tracheal deviation on the unaffected side for tension pneumo. 

So, some interventions that we’re going to do, you want to make sure that you’re going to be checking for some breath sounds, you want to make sure because there might be diminished or absent sounds depending on which one it is. So, a thorough assessment is needed to make sure that it’s not worsening or enable reassessment after an intervention is done, to make sure that the lung has reinflated. You’re also going to make sure that you’re going to be assessing vital signs or any hemo because the patient may present with any short of shallow breathing or rapid breathing when a lung collapses and with attention, you want to make sure that you’re checking with their blood pressure because it can cause a decrease in cardiac output, which is in medical emergency. You also want to assess chest pain and give pain medication as needed. They’re going to have some rapid shallow breathing and pain relief allows them to breathe more deeply. Assess for chest expansion. Collapsed lungs can cause the chest to be asymmetrical. So, the more prominent the tension pneumo, you want to make sure you place the patient in a high fowler’s position for better oxygenation and comfort. This will help improve respiratory rate and effort and improve the lung perfusion for the good lung and reinflate the bad lung. Some others that we want to look into are educating the patient on an incentive spirometer and a flutter valve, coughing, and deep breathing exercises. So, this is going to help reinflate a collapsed lung. Rapid shallow breathing can lead to things like atelectasis and pneumonia. You want to make sure you’re assessing their O2 and giving O2 as appropriate. So, since the collapsed lung can’t oxygenate properly for the gas exchange, you may have to give sub O2 to enable the patient to breathe better. You also want to prepare a patient for a chest tube insertion or a thoracentesis procedure. The chest tube will be able to help remove the air or fluid from the pleural space. And a thoracentesis is going to be able to drain the fluid from the pleural space. 

And here we’re going to see a picture of a chest tube. So, as you can see, this is the chamber. And if you have a hemothorax, there’s going to be blood. That’s going to fill into this chamber right here and it’s going to fill it up here. Let’s go down and up here. This is the water seal here. The suction here. This is what a chest tube looks like. 

And now we’re going to go over some key points here. So, some pathophysiology etiology. So, a pneumo is, once again, air in the pleural space, hemothorax is blood, and tension pneumo is when there’s so much pressure. It puts that strain on the heart and major blood vessels. The pneumo can be spontaneous, can also be caused by penetrating trauma. Some subjective and objective data you’ll see patients may have shortness of breath, restlessness anxiety, sudden difficulty breathing, pleuritic chest pain, and diminished or absent breath sounds over the affected side. And again, depending if it’s a pneumo or hemo, increased respirations accessory muscle use hyper resonance on percussion, dullness on percussion, and tracheal deviation. And once again, depending on what you hear is going to be dependent on if it’s a pneumo, hemo, or tension pneumothorax. You want to do an assessment of vital signs, O2, and position. So, assess for respiratory status, breath sounds, and blood pressure. Make sure you’re positioning the patient in high fowler’s for better gas exchange and oxygenation. We’re going to do thoracentesis, CT, and incentive spirometry. Make sure you’re educating the patient on the chest tubes. The thoracentesis procedure, how to use that incentive spirometer and a flutter valve properly. And then to use those cough, deep breathing, and turning exercises. And there you have it with that care plan. 

You guys did awesome. We love you guys. Go out, be your best self today and as always happy nursing.

 

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Heart (Cardiac) and Great Vessels Assessment
Heart (Cardiac) Failure Module Intro
Heart (Cardiac) Failure Therapeutic Management
Heart (Cardiac) Sound Locations and Auscultation
Heart Failure – Live Tutoring Archive
Heart Failure – Right Sided Nursing Mnemonic (HEAD)
Heart Failure 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Heart Failure Case Study (45 min)
Heart Failure-Left-Sided Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP)
Heart Failure-Origin Nursing Mnemonic (Left – Lung|Right – Rest)
Hematology Module Intro
Hematology/Oncology/Immunology Course Introduction
Hemodialysis (Renal Dialysis)
Hemorrhagic Stroke Risk Factors Nursing Mnemonic (HATS)
Heparin (Hep-Lock) Nursing Considerations
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Lab Values
Hiatal Hernia
Hiatal Hernia Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Her Belly Really Hurts Following Dinner)
High Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Kings Eat Big Cakes)
Histamine 1 Receptor Blockers
Histamine 2 Receptor Blockers
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Hydralazine
Hygiene
Hypercalcemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (GROANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, OVERTONES)
Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (FRIED)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 2 Nursing Mnemonic (SWINE)
Hypernatremia – Signs and Symptoms 3 Nursing Mnemonic (SALT)
Hypertension – Nursing care Nursing Mnemonic (DIURETIC)
Hypertension (HTN) Concept Map
Hypertension- Complications Nursing Mnemonic (The 4 C’s)
Hypertensive Crisis Case Study (45 min)
Hyperthermia (Thermoregulation)
Hyperthyroidism Case Study (75 min)
Hypertonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypocalcemia – Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CATS)
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TIRED)
Hypoglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Cool and Clammy – Give ‘Em Candy)
Hypoglycemia symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DIRE)
Hypokalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (6 L’s)
Hyponatremia- Definition, Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SALT LOSS)
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypothermia (Thermoregulation)
Hypotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (RAT BED)
ICU Nurse Report to OR (Operating)Team
Immunology Module Intro
Impulse Transmission
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Case Study (45 min)
Informed Consent
Inserting a Foley (Urinary Catheter) – Male
Inserting an NG (Nasogastric) Tube
Insulin
Insulin – Intermediate Acting (NPH) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)
Insulin – Rapid Acting (Novolog, Humalog) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Short Acting (Regular) Nursing Considerations
Insulin Mnemonic (Ready, Set, Inject, Love)
Intake and Output (I&O)
Integumentary (Skin) Course Introduction
Integumentary (Skin) Important Points
Integumentary (Skin) Module Intro
Interventional Radiology
Interventions for Aphasia Nursing Mnemonic (PROP)
Intracranial Pressure ICP
Intraoperative (Intraop) Complications
Intraoperative Nursing Priorities
Intraoperative Positioning
Intrarenal Causes of Acute Kidney Injury Nursing Mnemonic (TONIC)
Intro to Health Assessment
Introduction to Health Assessment
Intubation in the OR
Iodine Nursing Considerations
Ionized Calcium Lab Values
Iron (Fe) Lab Values
Ischemic (CVA) Stroke Labs
Isoniazid (Niazid) Nursing Considerations
IV Complications (infiltration, phlebitis, hematoma, extravasation, air embolism)
Kidney Cancer
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Lab Values
Lactic Acid
Leukemia
Leukemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (ANT)
Leukemia Case Study (60 min)
Levels of consciousness Nursing Mnemonic (Never Carry Dirty Socks Or Smelly Clothes)
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Nursing Considerations
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Nursing Considerations
Lidocaine Toxicity – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SAMS)
Linen Change
Lipase Lab Values
Lisinopril (Prinivil) Nursing Considerations
Live Bedside Report Medsurg (Medical surgical)
Liver Cancer
Liver/Gallbladder Module Intro
Local Anesthesia
Loperamide (Imodium) Nursing Considerations
Losartan (Cozaar) Nursing Considerations
Low Pressure Vent Alarms Nursing Mnemonic (Cake Everyday)
Lower Gastrointestinal (GI) Module Intro
Lung Cancer
Lung Diseases Module Intro
Lymphatic Assessment
Lymphoma
Lymphoma – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (NURSE For Pete’s Sake)
Macular Degeneration
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Malignant Hyperthermia
Mammogram
Management of Glomerulonephritis Nursing Mnemonic (Please Help Deliver Diuretics)
Management of Lyme Disease Nursing Mnemonic (BAR)
Management of Pressure Ulcers (Pressure Injuries) Nursing Mnemonic (SKIN)
Mechanical Aids
Medication Classess for IBD Nursing Mnemonic (Sometimes I Can’t Answer)
Medications for Pancreatitis Nursing Mnemonic (Please Make Tummy Better)
Medications to Prevent Seizures Nursing Mnemonic (Pretty Little Liars Forever)
Melanoma
Meniere’s Disease
Meperidine (Demerol) Nursing Considerations
Meropenem (Merrem) Nursing Considerations
Metabolic & Endocrine Module Intro
Metabolic Acidosis (interpretation and nursing diagnosis)
Metabolic/Endocrine Course Introduction
Metformin (Glucophage) Nursing Considerations
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Nursing Considerations
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Nursing Considerations
Metoprolol (Toprol XL) Nursing Considerations
Metronidazole (Flagyl) Nursing Considerations
MI Surgical Intervention
Migraines
Miscellaneous Nerve Disorders
Mobility & Assistive Devices
Moderate Sedation
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Morphine (MS Contin) Nursing Considerations
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (DEMYELINATION)
Murmur locations Nursing Mnemonic (hARD ASS MRS. MSD)
Musculoskeletal Assessment
Musculoskeletal Course Introduction
Musculoskeletal Module Intro
Myocardial Infarction (MI) Case Study (45 min)
Myocardial Infarction Nursing Mnemonic (MONATAS)
Naproxen (Aleve) Nursing Considerations
Nasal Disorders
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Nursing Considerations
Nephrotic Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Neuro A&P Module Intro
Neuro Anatomy
Neuro Assessment Module Intro
Neuro Course Introduction
Neuro Disorders Module Intro
Neuro Trauma Module Intro
Neurological Fractures
NG (Nasogastric)Tube Management
Nitro Compounds
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) Nursing Considerations
Nitroprusside (Nitropress) Nursing Considerations
Norepinephrine (Levophed) Nursing Considerations
NRSNG Live | So You Want to be a Surgical Nurse?
Nuclear Medicine
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anaphylaxis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anemia
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Aortic Aneurysm
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Appendicitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Arterial Disorders
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Asthma
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Chlamydia (STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cirrhosis (Liver Disease, Hepatic encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Crohn’s Disease
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cushings Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Distributive Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Diverticulosis – Diverticulitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Endometriosis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Epididymitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Gonorrhea (STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Gout
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Heart Failure (CHF)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hemorrhagic Stroke (CVA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hemorrhoids
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hepatitis (Liver Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Herpes Simplex (HSV, STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Herpes Zoster – Shingles
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperparathyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Influenza (Flu)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Ischemic Stroke (CVA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Lyme Disease
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Male Infertility
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Meningitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Menopause
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Myasthenia Gravis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Osteomyelitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pancreatitis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Parkinsons
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pneumothorax & Hemothorax
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Psoriasis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pulmonary Edema
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pulmonary Embolism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rhabdomyolysis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Scleroderma
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Seizure
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sepsis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sickle Cell Anemia
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIRS & MODS
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Syphilis (STI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Testicular Torsion
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Thrombophlebitis (clot)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Tuberculosis (TB)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Ulcerative Colitis(UC)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Valve Disorders
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney (Renal) Injury (AKI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Angina
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney (Renal) Disease (CKD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Endocarditis and Pericarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Glomerulonephritis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Hypertension (HTN)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis (OA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Pneumonia
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) & Interventions for Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Abdominal Pain
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Activity Intolerance
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Bronchitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Kidney Injury
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Pain
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Addison’s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anaphylaxis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Angina
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aortic Aneurysm
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Arterial Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aspiration
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bell’s Palsy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bladder Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Blunt Chest Trauma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, and Ewing Sarcoma)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bowel Obstruction
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Brain Tumors
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Breast Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchoscopy (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cellulitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cervical Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Kidney Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Colorectal Cancer (Colon Cancer)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cushing’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dementia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes Insipidus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diverticulosis / Diverticulitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Emphysema
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Encephalopathy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Endocarditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Enuresis / Bedwetting
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Epididymitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for GI (Gastrointestinal) Bleed
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Glaucoma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Glomerulonephritis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gout / Gouty Arthritis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Guillain-Barre
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hepatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Herpes Zoster – Shingles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperparathyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperthermia (Thermoregulation)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypoglycemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypoparathyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Impetigo
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis / Crohn’s Disease)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Kidney Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Leukemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lung Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lyme Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s, Non-Hodgkin’s)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meniere’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mumps
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neutropenia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Nutrition Imbalance
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Osteoarthritis (OA), Degenerative Joint Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Osteoporosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Ovarian Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pancreatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Parkinson’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pericarditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pneumonia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pneumothorax/Hemothorax
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pressure Ulcer / Decubitus Ulcer (Pressure Injury)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Prostate Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Psoriasis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pulmonary Embolism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Renal Calculi
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Respiratory Failure
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Restrictive Lung Diseases
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rhabdomyolysis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Risk for Fall
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rubeola – Measles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Seizures
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sepsis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Skin cancer – Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Skull Fractures
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Spinal Cord Injury
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Stomach Cancer (Gastric Cancer)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Stroke (CVA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Syncope (Fainting)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Testicular Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thoracentesis (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombocytopenia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombophlebitis / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thyroid Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Tuberculosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for West Nile Virus
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Trigeminal Neuralgia
Nursing Care Plan for Amputation
Nursing Care Plan for Chlamydia (STI)
Nursing Care Plan for Cirrhosis (Liver)
Nursing Care Plan for Compartment Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Nursing Care Plan for Distributive Shock
Nursing Care Plan for Endometriosis
Nursing Care Plan for Fibromyalgia
Nursing Care Plan for Fractures
Nursing Care Plan for Gastritis
Nursing Care Plan for Gonorrhea (STI)
Nursing Care Plan for Hemorrhoids
Nursing Care Plan for Herpes Simplex (HSV, STI)
Nursing Care Plan for Hiatal Hernia
Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer
Nursing Care Plan for Macular Degeneration
Nursing Care Plan for Myocarditis
Nursing Care Plan for Nasal Disorders
Nursing Care Plan for Osteomyelitis
Nursing Care Plan for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Nursing Care Plan for Pulmonary Edema
Nursing Care Plan for Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders)
Nursing Care Plan for Scleroderma
Nursing Care Plan for Syphilis (STI)
Nursing Care Plan for Testicular Torsion
Nursing Case Study for Acute Kidney Injury
Nursing Case Study for Breast Cancer
Nursing Case Study for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Case Study for Colon Cancer
Nursing Case Study for Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Nursing Case Study for Hepatitis
Nursing Case Study for Pneumonia
Nursing Case Study for Rheumatic Heart Disease
Nursing Case Study for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Nursing Case Study for Type 1 Diabetes
Nursing Skills Course Introduction
Nutrition (Diet) in Disease
Nutrition-related Diseases
Omeprazole (Prilosec) Nursing Considerations
Oncology Important Points
Oncology Module Intro
Oncology nurse
Ondansetron (Zofran) Nursing Considerations
Opioids
Osteosarcoma
Ovarian Cancer
Oxygen Delivery Module Intro
Pacemakers
Pain and Nonpharmacological Comfort Measures
Pain Assessment Questions Nursing Mnemonic (OPQRST)
Pain Assessments for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Pantoprazole (Protonix) Nursing Considerations
Parasympatholytics (Anticholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Patient Positioning
Patients with Communication Difficulties
Pentobarbital (Nembutal) Nursing Considerations
Peptic Ulcer Disease Case Study (60 min)
Performing Cardiac (Heart) Monitoring
Perioperative Nursing Course Introduction
Perioperative Nursing Roles
Peripheral Vascular Assessment
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Nursing Considerations
Phenobarbital (Luminal) Nursing Considerations
Phosphorus (PO4) Blood Test Lab Values
Pituitary Adenoma
Plant Alkaloids Topoisomerase and Mitotic Inhibitors
Pneumonia Concept Map
Pneumonia Labs
Pneumonia Risk Factors Nursing Mnemonic (VENTS)
Pneumothorax Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (P-THORAX)
Positioning
Post-Anesthesia Recovery
Postoperative (Postop) Complications
PPE Donning & Doffing
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
Preoperative (Preop) Education
Preoperative (Preop) Nursing Priorities
Preoperative (Preop)Assessment
Pressure Line Management
Pressure Ulcers/Pressure injuries (Braden scale)
Procalcitonin (PCT) Lab Values
Propofol (Diprivan) Nursing Considerations
Propranolol (Inderal) Nursing Considerations
Propylthiouracil (PTU) Nursing Considerations
Prostate Cancer
Prostate Nursing Mnemonic (FUN)
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Lab Values
Protein in Urine Lab Values
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Pulmonary edema treatment Nursing Mnemonic (MAD DOG)
Pupil Reactions Nursing Mnemonic (PERRLA)
Radiation Cancer Treatment
Ranitidine (Zantac) Nursing Considerations
Reactivation of Herpes Zoster Nursing Mnemonic (FICA)
Reasons for a Bronchoscopy Nursing Mnemonic (Please Assess His Weird Bronchoscopy Results)
Reasons for Chest Tube Nursing Mnemonic (Don’t Ever Fail)
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Lab Values
Renal (Kidney) Failure Labs
Respiratory A&P Module Intro
Respiratory Alkalosis
Respiratory Course Introduction
Respiratory Infections Module Intro
Respiratory Procedures Module Intro
Respiratory Trauma Module Intro
Restrictive Lung Disease Causes Nursing Mnemonic (PAINT)
Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders)
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (RHEUMATOID)
Rifampin (Rifadin) Nursing Considerations
Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis Nursing Mnemonic (5-F’s)
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis Nursing Mnemonic (ACCESS)
Routine Neuro Assessments
Science of Nutrition
Scleroderma Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (CREST)
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Seizure Assessment
Seizure Causes (Epilepsy, Generalized)
Seizure Causes Nursing Mnemonic (VITAMIN)
Seizure Therapeutic Management
Seizures Case Study (45 min)
Seizures Module Intro
Sepsis Concept Map
Sepsis Labs
Septic Shock (Sepsis) Case Study (45 min)
Shock
Shock – Signs and symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (TV SPARC CUBE)
Shock Module Intro
Signs of Osteoarthritis Nursing Mnemonic (OSTEO)
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
Skin Cancer
Specialty Diets (Nutrition)
Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal Cord Injury Case Study (60 min)
Spinal Precautions & Log Rolling
Sprains and Strains – Nursing Care Nursing Mnemonic (RICE)
Stages of Hepatitis Nursing Mnemonic (PIP)
Sterile Field
Sterile Gloves
Stoke Assessments Nursing Mnemonic (FAST)
Stomach Cancer (Gastric Cancer)
Strabismus
Streptokinase (Streptase) Nursing Considerations
Stroke (CVA) Module Intro
Stroke Assessment (CVA)
Stroke Case Study (45 min)
Stroke Concept Map
Stroke Nursing Care (CVA)
Stroke Therapeutic Management (CVA)
Sucralfate (Carafate) Nursing Considerations
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Surgical Incisions & Drain Sites
Surgical Prep
Sympatholytics (Alpha & Beta Blockers)
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism Nursing Mnemonic (SWEATING)
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism Nursing Mnemonic (MOM’S SO TIRED)
Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome Nursing Mnemonic (NAPHROTIC)
Symptoms of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Nursing Mnemonic (COAT)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
TB Drugs Nursing Mnemonic (RIPE)
Tension and Cluster Headaches
Testicular Cancer
Tetracycline (Panmycin) Nursing Considerations
The 5-Minute Assessment (Physical assessment)
The Medical Team
Thoracentesis
Thrombin Inhibitors
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombolytics
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Lab Values
Thyroxine (T4) Lab Values
To Clot or Not To Clot – Anticoagulants! – Live Tutoring Archive
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Lab Values
Toxicity Sepsis- Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 6 T’s)
Trach Care
Trach Suctioning
Traction – Nursing Care Nursing Mnemonic (TRACTION)
Trauma – Assessment (Emergency) Nursing Mnemonic (ABCDEFGHI)
Triiodothyronine (T3) Lab Values
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) Nursing Considerations
Troponin I (cTNL) Lab Values
Tuberculosis (TB) Case Study (60 min)
Types of Anemia Nursing Mnemonic (Always Introduce Special Patients)
Types of Hemorrhoids Nursing Mnemonic (Pie)
Ulcerative Colitis – Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (MADE 10)
Ultrasound
Understanding Blood Pressure Meds! – Live Tutoring Archive
Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Module Intro
Urinary Elimination
Urinary Tract Infection Case Study (45 min)
Urine Culture and Sensitivity Lab Values
Using Aseptic Technique
Vancomycin (Vancocin) Nursing Considerations
Varicocele
Vascular Disease – Deep Vein Thrombosis Nursing Mnemonic (HIS Leg Might Fall off)
Vascular disease – Raynaud’s symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (COLD HAND)
Vasopressin
Vasopressin (Pitressin) Nursing Considerations
Venous Disorders (Chronic venous insufficiency, Deep venous thrombosis/DVT)
Vent Alarms
Ventilator Settings
Ventricular Fibrillation (V Fib)
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)
Vessels & Fluid
Vitamin D Lab Values
Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing Considerations
Who Needs Dialysis Nursing Mnemonic (AEIOU)
Wound Care – Assessment
Wound Care – Dressing Change
Wound Care – Selecting a Dressing
Wound Care – Wound Drains
Seizure Documentation Nursing Mnemonic (TDOC)