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Electrolyte Imbalances for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Electrolyte Imbalances for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

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Outline

Electrolyte Imbalances

Definition/Etiology:

Common Electrolytes Functions
- Cations:
  - Sodium- fluid, nerve, muscles
  - Potassium- heart, muscles
  - Calcium- blood vessels contract (BP), nervous system send messages
  - Magnesium- nerve, muscles
- Anions:
  - Chloride- BP and fluid levels
  - Phosphorus- bones, nerve, muscles
  - Bicarbonate- acid/base balance; “base”

Pathophysiology:

Function of Electrolytes (hyper- vs. hypo- table)
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Chloride
- Magnesium
- Phosphorus
- Bicarbonate

Noticing: Assessment & Recognizing Cues:

Risk Factors for Electrolyte Imbalances
- Conditions
  - Kidney disease
  - Cirrhosis
  - Hydration imbalance (dehydration or overhydration)
  - CV disease
  - Burns
  - Cancer
  - Eating disorders
- Medications
  - Antibiotics
  - Chemotherapy
  - Corticosteroids
  - Substance abuse

Interpreting: Analyzing & Planning:

Symptoms
- Confusion
- Bowel dysfunction
- Fatigue or irritability
- Headaches
- Arrhythmias
- Muscle dysfunction or weakness
- Nausea/vomiting
- Numbness in extremities

Responding: Patient Interventions & Taking Action:

Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
  - Complete metabolic Panel (CMP)
  - Identify cause
- Treatment
  - Correct the imbalance/cause
  - IV fluids
  - Monitor kidney function
  - Start hemodialysis if needed

Reflecting: Evaluating Patient Outcomes:

Prevention
- Prevent Complications
  - Coma
  - Seizures
  - Cardiac arrest
Long-term management
- Prevent reoccurrence
- Adequate hydrate

Linchpins (Key Points):

Back to balance
- Too much or too little; it’s all about balance
Cations = Na, K, Ca Mg
Anions = Cl, Ph, HCO3
Treatment= fix cause/imbalance, IV fluids
Prevent= complications, reoccurrence

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Transcript

References

Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Electrolyte imbalances. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/24019-electrolyte-imbalance.

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A & P

Concepts Covered:

Cardiovascular
Circulatory System
Nervous System
Skeletal System
Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
Neurological
Respiratory
Urinary System
Respiratory System
Endocrine System
Studying
Tissues and Glands
Medication Administration
Hematologic System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Preoperative Nursing
Integumentary Disorders
Urinary Disorders
Muscular System
Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
Sensory System
Basics of Human Biology

Study Plan Lessons

02.03 Swan-Ganz Catheters for CCRN Review

02.04 Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP) for CCRN Review

02.05 Calculating PAWP on PEEP for CCRN Review

02.07 Reading “A, C, V Waves” & PAWP Waveforms for CCRN Review

02.09 12 Lead EKG- Leads 1, 2, 3, aVL, and aVF for CCRN Review

02.10 12 Lead EKG- Lead V1-V6 for CCRN Review

02.11 12 Lead EKG- Injuries for CCRN Review

07.02 Neuro Anatomy for CCRN Review

10.01 Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation for CCRN Review

10.02 Breath Sounds for CCRN Review

ABG Course (Arterial Blood Gas) Introduction

Alkalosis and Acidosis Nursing Mnemonic (Kick Up, Drop Down)

Anatomy & Physiology Course Introduction

Anticholinergics – Side Effects Nursing Mnemonic (4 Can’ts)

Arterial Blood Gases Nursing Mnemonic (ROME)

Arterial Pressure Monitoring

Atropine (Atropen) Nursing Considerations

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Beta 1 and Beta 2 Nursing Mnemonic (1 Heart, 2 Lungs)

Blood Pressure (BP) Control

Bowel Elimination

Breathing Control

Breathing Movements

Calcium and Magnesium Imbalance for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Calculating Heart Rate

Cardiac (Heart) Physiology

Cardiac A&P Module Intro

Causes of Poor Gas Exchange Nursing Mnemonic (All People Can Value Lungs)

Cholinergic Crisis – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (SLUDGE)

Connective Tissues

Development of Bones

Digestion & Absorption

Digestive System Anatomy

Drawing Blood from the IV

EKG (ECG) Course Introduction

EKG (ECG) Waveforms

EKG Basics – Live Tutoring Archive

Electrical A&P of the Heart

Electrical Activity in the Heart

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Electrolyte Imbalances for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)

Electrolytes – Location in Body Nursing Mnemonic (PISO)

Electrolytes Involved in Cardiac (Heart) Conduction

Electromyography (EMG)

Epithelial (Skin) Tissues

Female Reproductive Anatomy (Anatomy and Physiology)

Fluid & Electrolytes Course Introduction

Fluid Volume Deficit

Formation & Excretion of Urine

Gastrointestinal (GI) Course Introduction

Health Assessment Course Introduction

Hyperkalemia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MACHINE)

Hyperkalemia – Management Nursing Mnemonic (AIRED)

Hyperkalemia – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (Murder)

Hypernatremia – Causes Nursing Mnemonic (MODEL)

Increase MAP Nursing Mnemonic (VAK)

Inserting a Foley (Urinary Catheter) – Male

Intro to Circulatory System

Intro to Health Assessment

Introduction to Health Assessment

Large Intestine

Liver & Gallbladder

Male Reproductive Anatomy (Anatomy and Physiology)

Membrane Potentials

Mouth & Oropharynx

Muscle Anatomy (anatomy and physiology)

Muscle Contraction

Muscle Cytology

Muscle Physiology

Nerve Transmission

Nervous System Anatomy

Neuro Assessment Module Intro

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchoscopy (Procedure)

Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Fluid Volume Deficit

Order of Lab Draws

Oxygen Delivery Module Intro

Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations

Pituitary Gland

Renal (Kidney) Acid-Base Balance

Renal (Kidney) Fluid & Electrolyte Balance

Renal (Kidney) Structure & Function

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Respiratory A&P Module Intro

Respiratory Functions of Blood

Respiratory Structure & Function

Selecting THE vein

Skeletal Anatomy

Skeletal Muscle

Skin Structure & Function

Small Intestine

Sodium and Potassium Imbalance for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Tattoos IV Insertion

The EKG (ECG) Graph

Tonicity of Solutions – Live Tutoring Archive

Trach Suctioning

Two pathways of the peripheral nervous system Nursing Mnemonic (SAME)

Types of Epithelial (Skin) Tissue

Urinary Elimination

Urinary System Anatomy (Anatomy and Physiology)