Asthma Concept Map

Ericka llan

Asthma Concept Map

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Included In This Lesson

Study Tools For Asthma Concept Map

Asthma Pathochart (Cheatsheet)

Asthma Medications (Cheatsheet)

ABG Worksheet (Cheatsheet)

Labs AHRQ booklet (Cheatsheet)

Hierarchy of O2 Delivery Methods (Cheatsheet)

Nursing Concept Map Template (Cheatsheet)

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Outline

Overview

Asthma patient
1. Risk factors leading to hospitalization
2. Lab values and education
3. Nursing diagnoses/interventions/outcomes

Nursing Points

General

Asthma
1. Inflammation and bronchoconstriction
2. Airway restriction
Factors contributing to flare-up
1. Allergens
2. Cold weather
3. Exercise

Assessment

ABGs
1. paO2 levels may be low
2. paCO2 levels may be high

Therapeutic Management

Nursing Diagnoses/Outcomes/Interventions
1. Disruption of gas exchange -> improved gas exchange evidenced by normal pulse ox
  1. Listen to lung sounds
  2. Monitor pulse ox levels
  3. Administer O2 as needed
2. Ineffective airway clearance -> effective airway clearance
  1. Encourage cough and deep breathing
  2. Positioning in high fowler’s
  3. Administer decongestants as ordered
3. Anxiety -> decreased anxiety and increased comfort
  1. Provide physical comfort
  2. Provide emotional support
  3. Administer anxiety medications as ordered
Medications
1. Albuterol nebulizer -> open airways
2. Methylprednisolone 125 mg IV -> decrease lung inflammation

Nursing Concepts

Gas exchange -> decreased due to inflammation and restrictive airways
Oxygenation -> decreased to due impaired gas exchange
Comfort -> decreased due to difficulty breathing and chest pain

Patient Education

Avoid triggers
Use inhalers as ordered

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Transcript

Hey guys! In this lesson we will explore a concept map based on a patient with asthma.

In this lesson, we will cover the risk factors and education for our patient with anxiety, lab values and medications, along with nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes.

Let’s review a quick patho on asthma. This patient is exposed to some type of irritant that causes inflammation and bronchoconstriction in the lungs, resulting in airway restriction making it difficult to breathe.

Let’s take a look at our concept map. So this person was admitted to the hospital because they are having serious issues with breathing due to their asthma. This person enjoys jogging. The risk factors that led up to this attack include allergens, cold weather and exercise. We will educate this patient to avoid triggers like allergens and cold weather as much as possible and to use their inhalers as ordered by the doctor.

In the hospital, the doctor will order an albuterol nebulizer treatment scheduled and prn to help open up those airways. They will likely receive an hour long treatment while in the emergency room. They will receive methylprednisolone 125 mg IV to help decrease inflammation in the lungs. ABGs may be ordered to obtain an accurate oxygen and CO2 level to determine if they are in need of a BIPAP to blow off CO2.

Our first nursing diagnosis for this patient is disruption of gas exchange because of the inflammation, tightening, and spasms of the bronchioles. The nursing interventions include auscultating lung sounds, monitoring pulse oximetry levels, and administering oxygen as needed. The desired outcome is that this patient will have improved gas exchange as evidenced by normal pulse oximetry levels.

Our next nursing diagnosis is ineffective airway clearance because the irritation and inflammation in the airways is causing excess mucus production. The nursing interventions include encouraging coughing and deep breathing, positioning in high-fowler’s to assist with breathing, and administering decongestants as ordered by the physician. The desired outcome is that the patient will effectively clear the airways.
The last nursing diagnosis for this patient is anxiety from the feeling of breathlessness and chest pain. Our interventions include providing physical comfort and emotional support, along with administering any medications ordered by the doctor to help them relax such as alprazolam. The desired outcome is decreased anxiety and increased comfort.

Here is a cleaned up version of our concept map.

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