Hydralazine
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Study Tools For Hydralazine
Common Antihypertensives Cheatsheet (Cheatsheet)
Drug Classes by Body System (Cheatsheet)
140 Must Know Meds (Book)
Hydralazine (Apresoline) (Picmonic)
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Outline
Overview
- Hydralazine- direct acting vasodilator
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
- Mechanism of action
- Unclear
- 3 types of mechanism suggested
- Releases nitric oxide from vascular endothelial cells causing vasodilation
- Blocks the entry of calcium in the smooth muscle cells and causing vasodilation.
- Opening the potassium channels causing the hyperpolarization and causing the vasodilation
- Indications
General
- Hydralazine is often given in hospital to quickly lower blood pressure
- Often given with a diuretic for best effect
Assessment
- Assessing for side effects
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Flushing
- Tachycardia and palpiations
- Edema
Therapeutic Management
- Monitor blood pressure frequently at the start of therapy
- Discontinue slowly to avoid rapid rise in blood pressure
Nursing Concepts
- Perfusion
- Hydralazine affects perfusion by decreasing the work load of the heart.
- Pharmacology
- Hydralazine is often prescribed to treat hypertension.
Patient Education
- Caution patients to avoid sudden changes in position to prevent orthostatic hypotension.
- Patients should weigh themselves and monitor for fluid retention.
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Transcript
So, in this one, we gonna talk about the hydralazine. This medication doesn’t fall in any category because its mechanism of actions is really unknown. There are many mechanisms are suggested and nothing’s really established with this medication. So, we can say this medication is direct-acting vasodilator. So, that’s just like its own drug, no category.
Let’s talk about the mechanism of action. It is not clear at all. So, here, you can see, there are like 3 types of mechanism suggested that this medication may be working by, but nothing specific. The first one is by releasing nitric oxide from vascular endothelial cells and causing vasodilation. Same as nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside like nitro compounds. Or, maybe, by blocking the entry of calcium in the smooth muscle cells and causing vasodilation, same as calcium-channel blocker. And this is not specific, they’re thinking it may be working by that or both. Or, it maybe opening the potassium channels and causing the hyperpolarization and causing the vasodilation. So, these 3 mechanism of action are not, they think the medication maybe working by this mechanism but nothing specific. This mechanism, depending on the mechanism, causes the vasodilation.
This medication maybe used for hypertension, and heart failure. The reason we use this medication for the heart failure, because when we decrease the blood pressure, it’s basically decreasing the afterload. So, when heart left ventricle pumps up the blood into the aorta. If it is decreased blood pressure, that means if aorta and all the arteries are dilated, the left ventricle doesn’t have to push hard or pump hard in order to eject the blood out of the heart into the systemic circulation. So, that’s why it decreases the work load of the heart by decreasing the blood pressure and that’s why it can be used in heart failure as well. But the main reason or the main use for this medication have seen quite often in hospitals or if a patient has high blood pressure.
What are the side effects? This medication works by dilating the vessels, it causes the headache, because when you have dilated vessels in the brain, it holds more blood, it causes the pressure on the brain cells, it causes the headache. So, like, the way it works. It causes the flushing, tachycardia, and lupus like syndrome. And this is the main one, not really often, but sometime they may ask this Hydralizine causes side effects, so, Lupus like syndrome, it can cause.
So, this is really a short drug and this doesn’t fall in any category, so, I just want to cover it separately, mainly used for the hypertension. If you have any question about this drug, feel free to ask us questions. Thanks for watching.
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MS2EXAM1
Concepts Covered:
- Circulatory System
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Cardiac Disorders
- Medication Administration
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Shock
- Shock
- Urinary System
- Adult
- Respiratory Emergencies
- Cardiovascular Disorders
- Postpartum Complications
- Emergency Care of the Neurological Patient
- Neurological Emergencies
- Emergency Care of the Respiratory Patient
- Pregnancy Risks
- Vascular Disorders
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Respiratory System
- Cardiovascular
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Hematologic Disorders
- Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
- Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
- Upper GI Disorders
- Lower GI Disorders
- Nervous System
- Labor Complications
- Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
- Oncology Disorders
- Substance Abuse Disorders
- Renal and Urinary Disorders
- Integumentary Disorders
- Renal Disorders
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Respiratory Disorders
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Endocrine
- Gastrointestinal
- Renal
- Endocrine System
- Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Integumentary Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Urinary Disorders
Study Plan Lessons
EKG Basics – Live Tutoring Archive
Dysrhythmia Emergencies
Electrical Activity in the Heart
EKG (ECG) Waveforms
The EKG (ECG) Graph
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Sinus Tachycardia
Sinus Bradycardia
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Atrial Flutter
Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib)
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)
Ventricular Fibrillation (V Fib)
Procainamide (Pronestyl) Nursing Considerations
Sympatholytics (Alpha & Beta Blockers)
Verapamil (Calan) Nursing Considerations
Adenosine (Adenocard) Nursing Considerations
Amiodarone (Pacerone) Nursing Considerations
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Nursing Considerations
Dysrhythmias Labs
Dysrhythmias for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
AV Blocks Dysrhythmias for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Cardiogenic Shock For PCCN for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Electrolytes Involved in Cardiac (Heart) Conduction
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiomyopathy
3rd Degree AV Heart Block (Complete Heart Block)
2nd Degree AV Heart Block Type 2 (Mobitz II)
1st Degree AV Heart Block
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS)
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects
Heart (Heart) Failure Exacerbation
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction (MI)
02.09 12 Lead EKG- Leads 1, 2, 3, aVL, and aVF for CCRN Review
02.14 Shock Stages for CCRN Review
02.15 Hypovolemic Shock for CCRN Review
02.16 Cardiogenic Shock for CCRN Review
02.17 Septic Shock for CCRN Review
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sepsis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Distributive Shock
Sepsis Labs
Toxicity Sepsis- Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 6 T’s)
Sepsis Concept Map
Ischemic (CVA) Stroke Labs
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
Cardiopulmonary Arrest for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
ACLS (Advanced cardiac life support) Drugs
Electrical A&P of the Heart
02.10 12 Lead EKG- Lead V1-V6 for CCRN Review
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
ARDS Case Study (60 min)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Acute Respiratory Distress
HELLP Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Respiratory Failure
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Arterial Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Arterial Disorders
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Endocarditis and Pericarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Heart Failure (CHF)
Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Thrombophlebitis (clot)
Venous Disorders (Chronic venous insufficiency, Deep venous thrombosis/DVT)
Rapid Sequence Intubation
Trach Suctioning
Trach Care
Pacemakers
Myocardial Infarction (MI) Case Study (45 min)
02.12 Myocardial Infarction- Inferior Wall for CCRN Review
Acute Coronary Syndromes (MI-ST and Non ST, Unstable Angina) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
02.13 Myocardial Infarction – Anterior Septal Wall for CCRN Review
Fluid Volume Deficit
Sodium and Potassium Imbalance for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Cardiomyopathies (Dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictive) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
02.02 Cardiomyopathy for CCRN Review
Hydralazine
Valvular Heart Disease for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Nursing Case Study for Rheumatic Heart Disease
06.04 Differentiating Ectopy and Aberrancy for CCRN Review
Coronary Artery Disease Concept Map
02.08 Cardiac Catheterization & Acute Coronary Syndrome for CCRN Review
Cardiac Surgery (Post-ICU Care) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Anti-Platelet Aggregate
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiogenic Shock
Mixed (Cardiac) Heart Defects
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Angina
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Myocarditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Ischemic Stroke (CVA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) & Interventions for Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aortic Aneurysm
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Angina
Hemodynamics
Preload and Afterload
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cardiogenic Shock
MI Surgical Intervention
Heart Failure for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
02.05 Calculating PAWP on PEEP for CCRN Review
Heart Failure 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Nitro Compounds
Cardiac/Vascular Catheterization (Diagnostic, Interventional) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Valve Disorders
Cortisone (Cortone) Nursing Considerations
Dexamethasone (Decadron) Nursing Considerations
Famotidine (Pepcid) Nursing Considerations
Gastritis
Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleed Concept Map
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Nursing Considerations
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for GI (Gastrointestinal) Bleed
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergics) Nursing Considerations
Peptic Ulcer Disease Case Study (60 min)
Tocolytics
Cholecystitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cholecystitis
Cirrhosis Case Study (45 min)
Cirrhosis Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Please Bring Happy Energy)
Cirrhosis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Esophageal Varices for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hepatic Disorders (Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, Portal Hypertension) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Hepatitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Liver Cancer
Liver Function Tests
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cirrhosis (Liver Disease, Hepatic encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hepatitis (Liver Disease)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Encephalopathy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for GI (Gastrointestinal) Bleed
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hepatitis
Nursing Care Plan for Cirrhosis (Liver)
Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer
Bowel Obstruction Concept Map
Epispadias and Hypospadias
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bowel Obstruction
Nursing Care Plan for Hiatal Hernia
Cirrhosis Case Study (45 min)
Colorectal Cancer (colon rectal cancer)
Encephalopathy Case Study (45 min)
Fluid Shifts (Ascites) (Pleural Effusion)
Hepatic Disorders (Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, Portal Hypertension) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Liver Cancer
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cirrhosis (Liver Disease, Hepatic encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal Varices)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hepatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan for Cirrhosis (Liver)
Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer
Nursing Case Study for Hepatitis
Stomach Cancer (Gastric Cancer)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Cholecystitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cholecystitis
Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis Nursing Mnemonic (5-F’s)
Acute Abdomen for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Appendicitis
Appendicitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Dialysis & Other Renal Points
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Diverticulosis – Diverticulitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bowel Obstruction
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diverticulosis / Diverticulitis
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Peritonitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Module Intro
Diabetes Mellitus & Those Dang Blood Sugars! – Live Tutoring Archive
Diabetes Mellitus Case Study (45 min)
Diabetes Mellitus for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1- Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 P’s)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Case Study (45 min)
Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS)
Metabolic Acidosis (interpretation and nursing diagnosis)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Kidney Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
Nursing Case Study for Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Nursing Case Study for Type 1 Diabetes
Renal Failure- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
03.02 Diabetes Insipidus for CCRN Review
Diabetes Insipidus Case Study (60 min)
Diabetes Insipidus Nursing Mnemonic (DDD)
Enuresis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) & Interventions for Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes Insipidus
03.04 DKA vs HHNK for CCRN Review
05.01 Pancreatitis and Large Bowel Obstruction for CCRN Review
09.05 Chronic Renal Failure for CCRN Review
Adrenal Gland
Diabetes Management
Diabetes Mellitus Case Study (45 min)
Diabetes Mellitus for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1- Signs & Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (The 3 P’s)
Diabetic Emergencies for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Case Study (45 min)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Nursing Considerations
Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS)
Hyperglycemia for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Hyperglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Dry and Hot – Insulin Shot)
Hypoglycemia for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Hypoglycemia
Injectable Medications
Insulin
Insulin – Intermediate Acting (NPH) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Long Acting (Lantus) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Mixtures (70/30)
Insulin – Rapid Acting (Novolog, Humalog) Nursing Considerations
Insulin – Short Acting (Regular) Nursing Considerations
Insulin Drips
Insulin Mixing
Insulin Mnemonic (Ready, Set, Inject, Love)
IV Infusions (Solutions)
IV Pump Management
Hyperthyroidism Case Study (75 min)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hypothyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypothyroidism
Adrenal and Thyroid Disorder Emergencies for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
09.02 Acute Tubular Necrosis for CCRN Review
Burn Injuries
Burn Injuries
Burn Injury Case Study (60 min)
Burns for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Compartment Syndrome for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Electrolyte Imbalances for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Burn Injury (First, Second, Third degree)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Nursing Care Plan for Gastritis
Wound Care – Assessment
Wound Care – Selecting a Dressing