Anti-Infective – Antivirals
You're watching a preview. 300,000+ students are watching the full lesson.
Included In This Lesson
NURSING.com students have a 99.25% NCLEX pass rate.
Outline
Overview
- Overview
- Classes of DNA viruses / 14 classes of RNA viruses
- Mechanism of Action
- Kill or suppress viruses – inhibiting replication
- Blocking the activity of a polymerase enzyme
- Subclass – Immunoglobins
- Concentrated antibodies that can attack and destroy viruses
- Nonspecific (human gammaglobulin)
- Specific (rabies immunoglobulin, varicella-zoster immunoglobulin)
- Concentrated antibodies that can attack and destroy viruses
- Types
- Acyclovir
- Valacyclovir
- Famciclovir
- Ganciclovir
- Oseltamivir
- Zanamivir
- Didanosine
- Idoxuridine
- Lamivudine
- Stavudine
- Trifluridine
- Zalcitabine
- Amantadine
- Ribavirin
- Foscarne
- Indications
-
- Smallpox (poxviruses)
- Sore throat and conjunctivitis (adenoviruses)
- Warts (papovaviruses)
- Influenza (ortho-myxoviruses
- Respiratory infections (coronaviruses, rhinoviruses)
- Gastroenteritis (rotavirus, Norwalk-like viruses)
- HIV/AIDS (retroviruses)
- Herpes (herpesviruses)
- Hepatitis (hepadnaviruses)
III. Contraindications
A. Amantadine
1. Lactating women
2. Children younger than 12 months of age
B. Cidofovir
1. Compromised renal function
C. Ribavirin
1. Hemoglobinopathies (sickle-cell anemia)
IV. Interactions
A. Acyclovir
1. Interferon – increased antiviral effects
2. Zidovudine – increased risk of neurotoxicity
B. Amantadine
1. Anticholinergic drugs – increase anticholinergic effects
2. CNS stimulants – increases CNS stimulant effects
C. Didanosine
1. Antacids – increase antiviral effects
2. Itraconazole / Ketoconazole – decrease antifungal absorption
3. Quinolones – decrease quinolones effects
4. Tetracyclines – decrease tetracycline effects
D. Ganciclovir
1. Imipenem – increased risk for seizures
V. Side Effects
A. Acyclovir
1. N / V / D
2. Headache
B. Amantadine
1. Insomnia
2. Nervousness
C. Rimantadine
1. Lightheadedness
2. Anorexia
D. Didanosine
1. Pancreatitis
2. Peripheral neuropathies
3. Seizures
E. Foscarnet
1. Seizures
2. Hypocalcemia
3. Hypokalemia
4. Renal failure
5. Bone marrow suppression
6. N / V/ D
F. Ribavirin
1. Rash
2. Conjunctivitis
3. Anemia
G. Zidovudine
1. Bone marrow suppression
2. Nausea
3. Headache
Unlock the Complete Study System
Used by 300,000+ nursing students. 99.25% NCLEX pass rate.
- Full lesson outlines
- NCLEX simulator (SIMCLEX)
- 6,500+ practice questions
- 2,000+ lesson videos
- 300+ cheatsheets
200% NCLEX Pass Guarantee.
No Contract. Cancel Anytime.
Transcript
Welcome back and today we are going to discuss antivirals.
Antiviral meds work by killing or suppressing viruses by inhibiting viral replication. They do this by blocking polymerase enzyme which creates new viral components.
Immunoglobulins are a subclass of antiviral medications and are made of concentrated antibodies that can attack and destroy viruses. They may be nonspecific (e.g., human gammaglobulin) or specific (e.g., rabies immunoglobulin, varicella-zoster immunoglobulin) in their activity.
Antivirals types are plentiful but don’t get overwhelmed, focus on the endings… -CLOVIR, -AMIVIR and -DINE. Antivirals go on and go, memorizing the full generic names will cause madness, again focus on the endings only.
Indications for antivirals meds focus all forms locations of viral infections – systemic, throat, optic, STI, respiratory, GU, HIV/AIDS and hepatic. Again, they cover each and all body systems, don’t let the list overwhelm you. Focus on general concepts.
Contraindications focus in the word CAR and include CIDE-OFF-O-VIR (increases risk of renal failure), A-MAN-TA-DINE (causes teratogenic effects), RIB-A-VI-RIN (anemias can lead to heart attack).
Antiviral interactions include DAGA and include DI-DAN-O-SEEN, A-CY-CLO-VIR, GAN-CY-CLO-VER, A-MAN-TA-DINE. Again, big list of words, focus more in CRITICAL interactions such as neurotoxicity, ABX interactions and seizures risk increase. As a nurse, you focus on what can severely harm the patient or make drugs ineffective. Dianosine when given with itraconazole, ketoconazole or tetracyclines will decrease absorption sho should be given 2 hours apart. Acyclovir, when given with Zidovudine, will increase neurotoxicity risk. Ganciclovir, when given with Imipenem, will increase in seizures risks. And lastly, amantadine, when given with anticholinergic or CNS stimulants drugs, will increase their effects.
Alright, antiviral side effects are plentiful and extensive but I want you to focus on four systems, GI, CNS, hematologic and renal. Let’s review the possible side effects. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. pancreatitis. Headache, nervousness, seizures. Bone marrow suppression, anemia. Hypocalcemia, hypokalemia and renal failures.
Nursing concepts for antivirals include infection control and pharmacology.
The key points for antivirals include types: CLOVIR, -AMIVIR and -DINE. Indications for antivirals meds focus all forms locations of viral infections – systemic, throat, optic, STI, respiratory, GU, HIV/AIDS and hepatic. Again, they cover each and all body systems, don’t let the list overwhelm you. Focus on general concepts. Contraindications focus in the word CAR and include CIDE-OFF-O-VIR (increases risk of renal failure), A-MAN-TA-DINE (causes teratogenic effects),, RIB-A-VI-RIN (anemias can lead to heart attack). Antiviral interactions include DAGA and include DI-DAN-O-SEEN, A-CY-CLO-VIR, GAN-CY-CLO-VER, A-MAN-TA-DINE. Again, big list of words, focus more in CRITICAL interactions such as neurotoxicity, ABX interactions and seizures risk increase. As a nurse, you focus on what can severely harm the patient or make drugs ineffective. Side effects cover many body systems and include GI, CNS, hematologic and renal systems.
Study Faster with Full Video Transcripts
99.25% NCLEX Pass Rate vs 88.8% National Average
- Full lesson outlines
- NCLEX simulator (SIMCLEX)
- 6,500+ practice questions
- 2,000+ lesson videos
- 300+ cheatsheets
200% NCLEX Pass Guarantee.
No Contract. Cancel Anytime.
Nursing School Doesn't Have To Be So Hard
Go from discouraged and stressed to motivated and passionate
Pharmacology
Concepts Covered:
- Concepts of Pharmacology
- Test Taking Strategies
- Prefixes
- Suffixes
- Bipolar Disorders
- Immunological Disorders
- Medication Administration
- Learning Pharmacology
- Dosage Calculations
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Anxiety Disorders
- Substance Abuse Disorders
- Adult
- Cardiac Disorders
- Cardiovascular Disorders
- Hematologic Disorders
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Depressive Disorders
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
- Upper GI Disorders
- Urinary System
- Pregnancy Risks
- Microbiology
- Infectious Respiratory Disorder
- Respiratory Disorders
- Shock
- Male Reproductive Disorders
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Personality Disorders
- Psychotic Disorders
- Nervous System
- Labor Complications
- Postpartum Complications
- Prenatal Concepts
- Newborn Care
- Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Intraoperative Nursing
- Vascular Disorders
- Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Oncology Disorders
- EENT Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Female Reproductive Disorders
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Lower GI Disorders
- Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Urinary Disorders
- Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
- Integumentary Disorders
- Neurological
- Postoperative Nursing
- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
- Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Cardiovascular