Fertilization and Implantation
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Study Tools For Fertilization and Implantation
Stages of Ovulation and Fertilization (Image)
Fertilization Sperm to Ovum (Image)
Fertilization Blastocyst (Image)
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Outline
Overview
- Fertilization: when ovum and sperm unite in fallopian tube to form a zygote
- Implantation: when zygote travels from fallopian tube to uterus and implants itself into the thickened uterine wall
Nursing Points
General
- Fertilization
- Once one sperm successfully fertilizes the ovum, the outer membrane of the ovum polarizes and repels any other sperm from trying to fertilize
- So we don’t have too much genetic information
- Ovum carries half of the genetics from the mother and the sperm carries half of the father =1 set of chromosomes for the baby
- Each ovum and each sperm contains 23 chromosomes
- The union of egg and sperm become a zygote
- Once one sperm successfully fertilizes the ovum, the outer membrane of the ovum polarizes and repels any other sperm from trying to fertilize
- Implantation
- Considered the moment of true ‘conception’
- Zygote divides into a ball of cells→ blastocyst
- Blastocyst implants in the uterus
- If the blastocyst does not implant, it will not continue to grow and will be expelled vaginally
- Blastocyst
- Tells the corpus luteum to keep making progesterone → maintains the pregnancy→ thick vascular endometrial lining
- Supports the baby for the first 2-3 months until the placenta has been formed and takes over
Assessment
- Implantation bleeding
- Some patients, not all
- Temperature elevation
- Increased estrogen
Therapeutic Management
- No real management necessary
- Pregnancy test once a missed period occurs
Nursing Concepts
- Reproduction
- Hormone Regulation
- Human Development
Patient Education
- Temperature tracking if trying to detect ovulation
- When to take a pregnancy test
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Transcript
In this lesson I will explain the fertilization and implantation process.
Let’s look at fertilization compared to implantation. Fertilization is going to occur in the fallopian tube. Fertilization occurs when one sperm successfully fertilizes the ovum or egg. So when fertilization occurs the outer layer of the ovum will polarizes and repel any other sperm from trying to fertilize. This is important because we don’t want to have too much genetic information. One ovum has 23 chromosomes from the mother so that is half. One sperm will carry 23 other chromosomes, the other half. So when they unite we get our total of 46 chromosomes. If we had an extra sperm fertilize then we would have way too much genetic information and that wouldn’t be good or helpful. When the fertilization occurs it becomes a zygote. Now that fertilization has occurred let’s talk about implantation which is the next step. So the zygote is going to travel through the fallopian tube to get to the uterus. The uterus is the site of implantation. While the zygote travels there will be a lot of cell division occuring. When the zygote divides into a ball of cells it is now called a blastocyst. Remember “B” ball and “B” blastocyst. The blastocyst is what implants in the uterus. It will bury itself into the endometrial lining. When implantation happens this is true ‘conception’. The patient has conceived. If the blastocyst does not implant, it will not continue to grow and will be expelled vaginally. Conception has not occured. The blastocyst will tell the corpus luteum to keep making progesterone. The progesterone will maintain the pregnancy and cause the endometrial lining to thicken and support the pregnancy. So looking at this image we have the ovary here and the ovum or egg is released. Here come the sperm to fertilize. One of these sperm fertilize and now we have a zygote. That zygote is going to travel down the fallopian tube. While this is happening there is cell division occurring. At the end of cell division we have a ball of cells that is the blastocyst. The blastocyst will then implant into the uterus.
Let’s look at assessment. So there isn’t going to be a whole lot to assess on this patient at this time, but the patient might experience Implantation bleeding. This is usually very light spotting and happens because if you remember that blastocyst has to dig and bury itself into the uterine lining. This could cause a little spotting to occur. The other assessment piece will be for the patients that are doing the temperature tracking to detect their ovulation will see that there temperature stays elevated. This is because of the Increased estrogen.
There will be not be any real management necessary for this patient. She will have more management as the pregnancy progresses so for now it will just be a pregnancy test once the missed period occurs showing that fertilization and implantation has occurred.
There is also not going to be a lot of education at this point, but if the patient is using temperature tracking to detect ovulation and pregnancy. Refer to the lesson on family planning for more information on this. Other education might be when to take a pregnancy test. Pregnancy tests won’t detect a pregnancy usually until a missed period has occurred. This allows times of the hCG to rise.
Our nursing concepts are reproduction, hormone regulation, and human development. Reproduction has taken place with fertilization and implantation and now human development will occur. All of this will revolve around hormones.
Ok so now let’s look at our key points to review. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube and is when the sperm reaches the ovum. Remember 1 sperm to 1 ovum which will give us 46 chromosomes. It is now called a zygote. The zygote will have cell division and become a ball of cells. Remember this ball of cell is now called a blastocyst. This blastocyst will travel to the uterus for implantation into the uterus. She has now conceived!
Make sure you check out the resources attached to this lesson and review the route of the sperm to the egg and egg to the uterus. Now, go out and be your best selves today. And, as always, happy nursing.
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Abdomen (Abdominal) Assessment
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation-The Basics
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Oxygenation
ABGs Nursing Normal Lab Values
ABGs Tic-Tac-Toe interpretation Method
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Nursing Considerations
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Alveoli & Atelectasis
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Appendicitis – Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)
Appendicitis Case Study (Peds) (30 min)
Appendicitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Assessment of a Burn Nursing Mnemonic (SCALD)
Asthma
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Burn Injury Case Study (60 min)
Burns for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
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Care of the Pediatric Patient
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Celiac Disease
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Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Nursing Considerations
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Cleft Lip Repair – Post Op Care Nursing Mnemonic (CLEFT LIP)
Clubfoot
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Day in the Life of a NICU Nurse
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Epiglottitis – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (AIR RAID)
Epispadias and Hypospadias
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Fever Case Study (Pediatric) (30 min)
Flu Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (FACTS)
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Fluid Volume Deficit
Fluticasone (Flonase) Nursing Considerations
Gas Exchange
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Hydrocephalus
Hypoxia – Signs and Symptoms (in Pediatrics) Nursing Mnemonic (FINES)
Ibuprofen (Motrin) Nursing Considerations
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Iron Deficiency Anemia
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Nephrotic Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Neuro Assessment
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Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Celiac Disease
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Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dehydration & Fever
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Nursing Case Study for Pediatric Asthma
Obstructive Heart (Cardiac) Defects
Ocular Infections (Conjunctivitis, Iritis) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Omphalocele
Opioid Analgesics
Pancrelipase (Pancreaze) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Bronchiolitis Labs
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Pediatrics Course Introduction
Pediculosis Capitis
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Promotion and Evaluation of Normal Elimination Nursing Mnemonic (POOPER SCOOP)
Pulmonary Function Test
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Reye’s Syndrome
Reyes Syndrome Case Study (Peds) (45 min)
Rheumatic Fever
ROME – ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Interpretation
Rubeola – Measles
Salmeterol (Serevent) Nursing Considerations
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Treatment of Sickle Cell Nursing Mnemonic (HOP to the hospital)
Umbilical Hernia
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Varicella – Chickenpox
Varicella Case Study (Peds) (30 min)
Vitals (VS) and Assessment
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X-Ray (Xray)
05.03 Jaundice for CCRN Review
Abortion in Nursing: Spontaneous, Induced, and Missed
Abruptio Placenta for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Abruptio Placentae (Placental abruption)
Acyclovir (Zovirax) Nursing Considerations
Addicted Newborn
Adult Vital Signs (VS)
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Lab Values
Ampicillin (Omnipen) Nursing Considerations
Anemia in Pregnancy
Antepartum Testing
Antepartum Testing Case Study (45 min)
Anti-Infective – Aminoglycosides
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Aspiration for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Babies by Term
Behind The Red Line – Live Tutoring Archive
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Betamethasone and Dexamethasone in Pregnancy
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Blood Transfusions (Administration)
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Breastfeeding
Butorphanol (Stadol) Nursing Considerations
Cardiac (Heart) Disease in Pregnancy
Causes of Chorioamnionitis Nursing Mnemonic (Pregnancies Are Very Interesting)
Causes of Labor Dystocia Nursing Mnemonic (Having Extremely Frustrating Labor)
Causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage Nursing Mnemonic (4 T’s)
Certified Nurse Midwife
Chorioamnionitis
Clindamycin (Cleocin) Nursing Considerations
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Labs
Day in the Life of a Labor Nurse
Day in the Life of a Postpartum Nurse
Dexamethasone (Decadron) Nursing Considerations
Direct Bilirubin (Conjugated) Lab Values
Discomforts of Pregnancy
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Diuretics (Loop, Potassium Sparing, Thiazide, Furosemide/Lasix)
Dystocia
Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy Case Study (30 min)
Ectopic Pregnancy for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Emergent Delivery (OB) (30 min)
Emergent Delivery for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Epidural
Episiotomy – Evaluation of Healing Nursing Mnemonic (REEDA)
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn
Eye Prophylaxis for Newborn (Erythromycin)
Factors That Can Put a Pregnancy at Risk Nursing Mnemonic (RIBCAGE)
Family Planning & Contraception
Family Planning & Signs of Pregnancy – Live Tutoring Archive
Fertilization and Implantation
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Fetal Circulation
Fetal Development
Fetal Distress Interventions Nursing Mnemonic (Stop MOAN)
Fetal Environment
Fetal Heart Monitoring (FHM)
Fetal Heart Monitoring Like A Pro – Live Tutoring Archive
Fetal Heart Monitoring Like A Pro 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Fetal Wellbeing Assessment Tests Nursing Mnemonic (ALONE)
Fundal Height Assessment for Nurses
Furosemide (Lasix) Nursing Considerations
Gestation & Nägele’s Rule: Estimating Due Dates
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Gestational Diabetes and Why YOU Should Know About It – Live Tutoring Archive
Gestational HTN (Hypertension)
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HELLP Syndrome – Signs and Symptoms Nursing Mnemonic (HELLP)
Hematomas in OB Nursing: Causes, Symptoms, and Nursing Care
Hemodynamics
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Hemorrhage (Postpartum Bleeding) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hepatitis B Vaccine for Newborns
Homocysteine (HCY) Lab Values
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Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) Nursing Considerations
Hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Hyperemesis Gravidarum for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Hyperglycemia Management Nursing Mnemonic (Dry and Hot – Insulin Shot)
Hypovolemic Shock Case Study (OB sim) (60 min)
Incompetent Cervix
Infections in Pregnancy
Initial Care of the Newborn (APGAR)
Inserting a Foley (Urinary Catheter) – Female
Intra Uterine Device – Potential Problems Nursing Mnemonic (PAINS)
Isotonic Solutions (IV solutions)
Labor Progression Case Study (45 min)
Leopold Maneuvers
Lung Surfactant
Lung Surfactant for Newborns
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Nursing Considerations
Magnesium Sulfate in Pregnancy
Mastitis
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Mechanisms of Labor
Meconium Aspiration
Meds for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Meds for PPH (postpartum hemorrhage)
Menstrual Cycle
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Newborn of HIV+ Mother
Newborn Physical Exam
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Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Abortion, Spontaneous Abortion, Miscarriage
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Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chorioamnionitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Dystocia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Ectopic Pregnancy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypertension (HTN)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Incompetent Cervix
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mastitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Maternal-Fetal Dyad Using GTPAL
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Meconium Aspiration
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Neonatal Jaundice | Hyperbilirubinemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Newborns
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Placenta Previa
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) / Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Preterm Labor / Premature Labor
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Process of Labor
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Nursing Care Plan for (NCP) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Nursing Care Plan for Newborn Reflexes
Nursing Case Study for Maternal Newborn
Nutrition Assessments
Nutrition in Pregnancy
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OB (Labor) Nurse Report to OB (Postpartum) Nurses
OB Course Introduction
OB Non-Stress Test Results Nursing Mnemonic (NNN)
OB Pharm and What Drugs You HAVE to Know – Live Tutoring Archive
Obstetric Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Obstetrical Procedures
Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy
Oral Birth Control Pills – Serious Complications Nursing Mnemonic (Aches)
Oxytocin (Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
Pediatric Vital Signs (VS)
Physiological Changes
Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
Phytonadione (Vitamin K) for Newborn
Placenta Previa
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Possible Infections During Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (TORCH)
Post-Partum Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (BUBBLE)
Postpartum Discomforts
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Postpartum Interventions
Postpartum Physiological Maternal Changes
Postpartum Thrombophlebitis
Precipitous Labor
Preeclampsia (45 min)
Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Preeclampsia: Signs, Symptoms, Nursing Care, and Magnesium Sulfate
Pregnancy Labs
Pregnancy Outcomes Nursing Mnemonic (GTPAL)
Preload and Afterload
Premature Rupture of the Membranes (PROM)
Preterm Labor
Preterm Labor for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Probable Signs of Pregnancy Nursing Mnemonic (CHOP BUGS)
Process of Labor
Process of Labor – Mom Nursing Mnemonic (4 P’s)
Process of Labor – Baby Nursing Mnemonic (ALPPPS)
Process of Labor – Live Tutoring Archive
Process of Labor 2 – Live Tutoring Archive
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Promethazine (Phenergan) Nursing Considerations
Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins in Pregnancy
Protein (PROT) Lab Values
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Rh Immune Globulin (Rhogam)
Rh Immune Globulin in Pregnancy
Signs of Pregnancy – Live Tutoring Archive
Signs of Pregnancy (Presumptive, Probable, Positive)
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing Considerations
Stages of Fetal Development Nursing Mnemonic (Proficiently Expanding Fetus)
Subinvolution
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Threatened/Spontaneous Abortion for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Tips & Advice for Newborns (Neonatal IV Insertion)
Tocolytics
Tocolytics
Top 5 Misunderstood OB Concepts – Live Tutoring Archive
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Umbilical Cord Vasculature Nursing Mnemonic (2A1V)
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin)
Uterine Stimulants (Oxytocin, Pitocin) Nursing Considerations
VEAL CHOP Nursing Mnemonic (Fetal Accelerations and Decelerations) (VEAL CHOP)
What the Heck is Antepartum Testing? – Live Tutoring Archive