Which laboratory finding is an indirect measurement of a patient’s glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A 35-year-old woman arrives at the ED complaining of nausea, vomiting, malaise, and a decreased urine output. She recently completed a 2-week course of cephradine (Velosef) for a UTI. Urinalysis reveals a sodium level of 40 mEq/L with a urine specific gravity of 1.0. Urine sediment includes casts, with few red blood cells (RBCs) or white blood cells (WBCs). Other laboratory findings include a serum BUN level of 40 mg/dL and a serum creatinine level of 4 mg/dL. Which condition is suggestive of the patient’s assessment findings?

The nurse notes that no urine has drained from a patient’s catheter for 2 hours. Which is the most appropriate nursing action to take?

A 48-year-old male arrives at the ED complaining of a decreased urine output. Which assessment finding is the most accurate indicator of this patient’s renal function?

After inserting a urinary catheter on a 58-year-old male, who complained of not being able to urinate for 3 days, and draining 2,500 mL of urine, the most important nursing intervention at this time would involve:

Which urinalysis finding is consistent with obstructive uropathy?

The physician determines the need for a percutaneous nephrostomy. The initial goal in caring for this patient would be to:

Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for a patient who has undergone percutaneous nephrostomy:

A 58-year-old male has arrived at the ED complaining that he has not been able to urinate for 3 days. After inserting an indwelling urinary catheter and draining 2,500 mL of urine from the patient’s bladder, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of:

The physician determines the need for percutaneous nephrostomy. Which test will provide the health care team with the most valuable diagnostic information in this situation?