The nurse would anticipate initial emergency treatment for a patient with mild to moderate respiratory distress secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to include:

The ED nurse is examining a 19-month-old boy with respiratory distress. The child’s mother reports that he has had a temperature of 101°F (38.3°C), fatigue, and hoarseness for the past 2 days, during which time the hoarseness and fatigue have progressively increased. The patient developed a barkingcough during the night. The physician diagnoses laryngotracheobronchitis (croup). The nurse knows that management of a child with croup is primarily directed toward:

A patient is not intubated successfully, the nurse would expect to:

A 65-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and laryngeal carcinoma is being examined in the ED. He is currently undergoing radiation therapy and has symptoms of acute respiratory distress. Assessment reveals inspiratory stridor, dyspnea, increasing apprehension, and facial flushing. The most appropriate nursing action would be to:

Which nursing intervention would be appropriate for a patient with respiratory distress secondary to COPD?