Pneumonia Concept Map
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Outline
Overview
- Patient with pneumonia
- Risk factors leading to hospitalization
- Patient education
- Labs and medications
- Nursing diagnoses/interventions/outcomes
Nursing Points
General
- Pneumonia
- Fluid/pus in alveoli
- Bacteria multiply
- Inflammation and impaired gas exchange
- Factors contributing to hospitalization
- Lack of hand hygiene
- Exposure to sick people
- Inactivity
Assessment
- WBC -> elevated due to infection
- Sputum culture -> show type of bacteria
- Blood cultures -> if positive, sepsis precautions
Therapeutic Management
- Nursing Diagnoses/Outcomes/Interventions
- Risk of infection -> no signs of worsening infection
- Monitor temperature for fevers
- Encouraging deep breathing
- Assisting with oral hygiene
- Impaired gas exchange -> normal pulse oximetry levels
- Monitor pulse ox
- Administer O2 prn
- Place patient in high-fowler’s position
- Ineffective airway clearance -> effective airway clearance
- Encouraging coughing
- Auscultating lung sounds
- Administering decongestants as ordered
- Assessing need for nebulizer treatments
- Risk of infection -> no signs of worsening infection
Nursing Concepts
- Gas exchange -> impaired by the fluid/pus in alveoli
- Oxygenation -> decreased due to the impaired gas exchange
- Infection control -> to prevent further infections such as worsening pneumonia or sepsis
Patient Education
- Practice good hand hygiene
- Avoid sick people
- Stay active
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Transcript
Hey guys! In this lesson we will discuss a concept map on our patient with pneumonia.
In this lesson on a pneumonia concept map, we will cover risk factors and education, labs and meds, along with nursing diagnoses, interventions, and evaluation. First, let’s review a quick patho on pneumonia.
Pneumonia is where fluid or pus is trapped in the alveoli of the lungs. Bacteria is then able to multiply causing inflammation and impaired gas exchange.
Let’s take a look at the concept map for our patient with pneumonia. The risk factors that lead to this diagnosis include the lack of hand hygiene and exposure to sick people. Becoming ill led this patient to be inactive and take less strong breaths, which lead to pneumonia.
We will educate our patient to practice good hand hygiene and avoid sick people.
The patient’s white blood cells are high because their body is trying to fight infection. The sputum culture is pending, but if a specific bacteria is grown, the doctor will be able to prescribe a specific antibiotic to treat it. The blood cultures were drawn before the patient started on the antibiotics, and they are currently pending. They will show us if the infection has spread into the blood, leading to sepsis.
The doctor ordered azithromycin 500 mg IV and ceftriaxone 1 gm IV. These are both antibiotics to fight the infection in the lungs.
Our first nursing diagnosis is risk of infection. Our nursing interventions include monitoring temperature for fevers, encouraging deep breathing, and assisting with oral hygiene. Our desired outcome for evaluation is that the patient will show no signs of worsening infection.
The next nursing diagnosis is an impaired gas exchange from the fluid in the alveoli. Our nursing interventions include monitoring pulse oximetry levels, administering oxygen as needed, and placing the patient in high fowler’s position to help with breathing. Our desired outcome for evaluation is that the patient’s gas exchange will improve as evidenced by normal pulse ox levels.
The last nursing diagnosis is ineffective airway clearance. Our patient has a lot of gunk in their lungs that they need to get out to improve that gas exchange and decrease the growth of infection in the lungs. The nursing interventions include encouraging coughing, auscultating lung sounds, administering decongestants as ordered, and assessing the patient’s need for nebulizer treatments. The desired outcome for evaluation is effective airway clearance evidenced by clear auscultation of lung sounds.
Here is a clean picture of our pneumonia concept map.
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Foundations 1
Concepts Covered:
- Circulatory System
- Urinary System
- Cardiac Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Digestive System
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Terminology
- Respiratory Disorders
- Renal and Urinary Disorders
- Pregnancy Risks
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Substance Abuse Disorders
- Lower GI Disorders
- Renal Disorders
- Infectious Respiratory Disorder
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder