Coronary Artery Disease Concept Map

Coronary artery disease
1. Poor lifestyle choices cause and worsen CAD
2. Meds that treat -> open vessels and decrease cholesterol
3. Nursing Diagnoses involve lifestyle choices and cardiac effectiveness

Nursing Points

General

Coronary artery disease (CAD)
1. Damage to cardiac vessel walls
2. Plaque and clots stick
3. Vessel openings narrow and eventually block heart blood supply
Factors contributing to hospitalization
1. High-fat diet
2. Low physical activity
3. Smoking

Assessment

LDL lab value
1. Determine level of bad cholesterol levels
2. High levels = higher chance of plaque build-up on vessel walls

Therapeutic Management

Nursing Diagnoses/Outcomes/Interventions
1. Inability to adapt to change in health status -> Patient will identify appropriate lifestyle changes
  1. Assist patient with problem-solving in a constructive manner
  2. Assist patient in setting realistic goals identifying personal skills and knowledge
2. Decreased tissue perfusion -> Patient will show no further worsening of deficits
  1. Administering medications as ordered
  2. Ensure optimal fluid balance
3. Decreased cardiac output -> Patient will demonstrate adequate cardiac output evidenced by blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rhythm
  1. Auscultation of heart sounds and rate
  2. Place patient on continuous cardiac monitoring
Medications
1. Metoprolol 100 mg PO -> dilate vessels lowering BP
2. Lisinopril 20 mg PO -> dilate vessels lowering BP
3. Simvastatin 40 mg PO -> lower cholesterol decreasing plaque on vessel walls

Nursing Concepts

Perfusion -> Heart perfusion is decreased by CAD
Pharmacology -> Medications are used to open vessels and decrease cholesterol
Patient Education -> Lifestyle changes to improve heart health

Patient Education

Quit smoking
Increase physical activity
Eat healthy

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Transcript

Hey guys! In this video we will discuss a coronary artery disease concept map.

In this coronary artery disease concept map lesson, we will cover risk factors, medications, along with nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes used for evaluation. Let’s review a quick patho on coronary artery disease.

So what happens is that the patient is living a lifestyle that is causing high blood pressure which damages their cardiac vessels, such as smoking. The patient has high cholesterol levels from eating a diet high in fats and isn’t physically active, so the fat in the blood and clots stick to the damaged vessel walls. The build-up in the vessels causes the vessels openings to narrow, decreasing the blood supply to the heart. Eventually, the coronary arteries will block the blood supply completely, so it is important to treat. Now let’s look at a concept map of our patient that has coronary artery disease.

Factors that contributed to our patient’s hospitalization include a high-fat diet, low physical activity, and smoking. This patient must be educated to quit smoking, increase their activity levels, and eat a healthy diet. These changes will help to decrease blood pressure, vessel wall damage, and cholesterol levels.

Let’s take a look at our patient’s medications used to treat coronary artery disease. Metoprolol 100 mg by mouth is used to dilate the blood vessels to lower blood pressure, decreasing the workload of the heart

Lisinopril 20 mg by mouth is given to dilate the blood vessels to lower the blood pressure. Simvastatin 40 mg PO is given to lower cholesterol, decreasing plaque in blood.

LDL levels show how much bad cholesterol is in the blood that may stick to any damaged vessels causing build-up and eventually occlusion.

Next let’s look at our nursing diagnoses, interventions, and evaluations. Our patient’s first nursing diagnosis is an inability to adapt to change in health status. Our patient has not stopped smoking or made any other lifestyle changes. Nursing interventions include assisting the patient with problem-solving in a constructive manner and assist the patient to set realistic goals and identify personal skills and knowledge. The outcome for the evaluation is that the patient will identify appropriate lifestyle changes.

Our patient’s next nursing diagnosis is decreased tissue perfusion. Our nursing interventions include administering medications as ordered and ensure optimal fluid balance. The outcome for evaluation is that the patient will show no further worsening of deficits.
The last diagnosis is decreased cardiac output. The nursing interventions are auscultation of heart sounds and rate and placing the patient on continuous cardiac monitoring. The outcome for evaluation is the patient will demonstrate adequate cardiac output evidenced by blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rhythm.

And here is a much prettier version of our concept map.

We love you guys! Go out and be your best self today! And as always, Happy Nursing!