Opioids

You're watching a preview. 300,000+ students are watching the full lesson.
Master
To Master a topic you must score > 80% on the lesson quiz.
Take Quiz

Included In This Lesson

Study Tools For Opioids

Pain Management (Cheatsheet)
NURSING.com students have a 99.25% NCLEX pass rate.

Outline

Overview

      I.         Overview

A.    Derivative from the opium poppy plant

B.    Include legal (medical) and non-legal (illicit) substances

C.     Goal: Pain-relief

     II.         Mechanism of Action

A.    Mainly, inhibits CNS receptors

1.     Receptors blocked = pain receptors blocked

   III.         Types

A.    Heroin

B.    Codeine

C.     Morphine

D.    Hydrocodone

E.     Hydromorphone

F.     Meperidine

G.    Oxycodone

I.      Opium

   IV.         Indications

A.    Pain relief

B.    Reduce cough

C.    Induce anesthesia

    V.         Side Effects

A.    CNS

1.     Diuresis

2.     Miosis

3.     Convulsions

4.     Nausea

5.     Vomiting

6.     Respiratory depression

B.    Non-CNS (d/t histamine release)

1.     Vasodilation = hypotension

2.     Colon spasms = constipation

3.     Increased ureter contractions = Decreased urine flow

4.     Dilation of cutaneous blood vessels = Flushing

   VI.         Reversal Agents

A.    Overview

1.     Block opioids receptors

a.     Respiratory depression

B.    Naltrexone

C.     Naloxone

 VII.         Withdrawal

A.    Nausea / Vomiting

B.    Confusion

C.     Muscle aches

D.    Rhinorrhea

E.     Sweating

F.     Diarrhea

G.    Fever / Chills

H.    Insomnia

Unlock the Complete Study System

Used by 300,000+ nursing students. 99.25% NCLEX pass rate.

200% NCLEX Pass Guarantee.
No Contract. Cancel Anytime.

Transcript

Welcome back and today we are going to talk about opioids.

Opioids are derived from the opium poppy plant, and include legal (pharmaceuticals) and non-legal (illicit) substances. The primary goal is pain relief.

The main mechanism of action is it’s inhibition of CNS receptors. When those are blocked, pain receptors are blocked. Again, all comes back to pain relief.

There are many types of opioids. You have probably already heard of heroin and opium. These are the non-pharmaceutical types. All the others in this list are manufactured. Many people are prescribed pain medications listed here, they are highly addictive and some are in the news for the opioid epidemic.

The main indication for opioids is pain relief. Others include cough suppression and anesthesia.

Now opioids are two side effect categories, CNS and non-CNS. Pain relief can cause pinpoint pupils (an autonomic system reaction), convulsions, nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression (d/t decrease respiratory responses = slower to no respirations). Non-CNS effects are due to overall  histamine release and include hypotension, constipation, decreased urine low and flushing.

As we are in the opioid epidemic, let’s review reversal agents. Now these two block opioids receptors. So, if you patient has overdosed – this drug is given to reverse the lethal effects – usually related to respiratory depression. Due to the current opioid epidemic many first responders and even police now carry naloxone with them d/t it’s being a common occurrence. These patients are often brought to the ED, placed on mechanical ventilation to support their decrease respiratory drive and started on a narcan drip until the drug is out of their system. The goal is proper oxygenation and ventilation while the drug works itself out of their body.

Now with opiods comes addiction and dependence. These patients come in with N/V/D, confusion, aches, sweating, fever, chills and insomnia. They even can present as agitated or aggressive depending on their stage of withdrawal. Safety is an important element when managing opioid withdrawal patients.

Priority nursing concepts for a patent received opioids include comfort and pharmacology.

Alright let’s recap, there are various types of opiods, some illicit and some pharmaceutical. Usually once a person isn’t allowed anymore pharmaceutical meds, they move right to illicit drugs to support their habit if they are addicted (sadly). Indications for opioids include pain relief, cough reduction and anesthesia. Side effects are CNS or non-CNS base – # 1 being respiratory depression. Reversal agents are used if someone is found to be in respiratory distress and drugs like Narcan block opiods receptors. Lastly, withdrawal can present with a number of symptoms but make sure you are safe and know that management focus on symptoms (be antiemetics, tylenol, hydration, etc).

You know now the important details regarding opiods. Now, go out and be your best self today and as always, Happy Nursing!

Study Faster with Full Video Transcripts

99.25% NCLEX Pass Rate vs 88.8% National Average

200% NCLEX Pass Guarantee.
No Contract. Cancel Anytime.

🎉 Special Offer 🎉

Nursing School Doesn't Have To Be So Hard

Go from discouraged and stressed to motivated and passionate

abu final

Concepts Covered:

  • Respiratory Emergencies
  • Immunological Disorders
  • Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
  • Medication Administration
  • Cardiac Disorders
  • Infectious Respiratory Disorder
  • Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
  • Integumentary Disorders
  • Shock
  • Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
  • Disorders of Pancreas
  • Renal Disorders
  • Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
  • Respiratory Disorders
  • Hematologic Disorders
  • Vascular Disorders
  • Lower GI Disorders
  • Respiratory System
  • Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
  • Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
  • Upper GI Disorders
  • Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
  • Disorders of Thermoregulation
  • Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
  • Oncology Disorders
  • Infectious Disease Disorders
  • Female Reproductive Disorders
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Neurological Trauma
  • Musculoskeletal Trauma
  • Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
  • EENT Disorders
  • Intraoperative Nursing
  • Postoperative Nursing
  • Respiratory
  • Emergency Care of the Respiratory Patient
  • Emergency Care of the Trauma Patient
  • Neurological Emergencies
  • Communication

Study Plan Lessons

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
AIDS Case Study (45 min)
Airway Suctioning
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Anaphylaxis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Noncardiac Pulmonary Edema for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Montelukast (Singulair) Nursing Considerations
Morphine (MS Contin) Nursing Considerations
Myocardial Infarction (MI) Case Study (45 min)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Asthma
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Influenza (Flu)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Myasthenia Gravis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Psoriasis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Scleroderma
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Sepsis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for SIRS & MODS
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney (Renal) Disease (CKD)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Glomerulonephritis
Nursing Care and Pathophysiology of Pneumonia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) & Interventions for Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Activity Intolerance
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Bronchitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Kidney Injury
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anaphylaxis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Anemia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Angina
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aortic Aneurysm
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Aspiration
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Blunt Chest Trauma
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bowel Obstruction
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Brain Tumors
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bronchoscopy (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Kidney Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Cushing’s Disease
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetes Insipidus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Diverticulosis / Diverticulitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Emphysema
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Encephalopathy
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Endocarditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for GI (Gastrointestinal) Bleed
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Guillain-Barre
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperthermia (Thermoregulation)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hyperthyroidism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hypovolemic Shock
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lung Cancer
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s, Non-Hodgkin’s)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mumps
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Osteoporosis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pancreatitis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pericarditis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pneumonia
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pneumothorax/Hemothorax
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Pulmonary Embolism
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Respiratory Failure
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Restrictive Lung Diseases
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Rubeola – Measles
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Sepsis
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Spinal Cord Injury
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Skull Fractures
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Syncope (Fainting)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thoracentesis (Procedure)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Thrombophlebitis / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Tuberculosis
Nursing Care Plan for Cirrhosis (Liver)
Nursing Care Plan for Distributive Shock
Nursing Care Plan for Nasal Disorders
Nursing Care Plan for Pulmonary Edema
Nursing Care Plan for Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders)
Nursing Care Plan for Scleroderma
Nursing Case Study for Breast Cancer
Nursing Case Study for Cardiogenic Shock
Nursing Case Study for Hepatitis
Nursing Case Study for Pneumonia
Nursing Case Study for Type 1 Diabetes
Obstruction for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Ondansetron (Zofran) Nursing Considerations
Opioids
Pancreatitis For PCCN for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Patient Positioning
Pentobarbital (Nembutal) Nursing Considerations
Peritonitis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Pleural Space Complications (Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, Pleural Effusion, Empyema, Chylothorax) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Positioning (Pressure Injury Prevention and Tourniquet Safety) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Post-Anesthesia Recovery
PPE Precautions (Personal Protective Equipment) for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Propofol (Diprivan) Nursing Considerations
Respiratory A&P Module Intro
Respiratory Alkalosis
Respiratory Course Introduction
Respiratory Depression (Medication-Induced, Decreased-LOC-Induced) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Respiratory Failure (Acute, Chronic, Failure to Wean) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Respiratory Infections (Pneumonia) for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Respiratory Infections Module Intro
Respiratory Procedures Module Intro
Respiratory Trauma for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Respiratory Trauma Module Intro
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment Nursing Mnemonic (RHEUMATOID)
Shock States (Anaphylactic, Hypovolemic) For PCCN for Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
Spinal Cord Injury Case Study (60 min)
Stroke Assessment (CVA)
Surgical Wound Classification Documentation for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Wound Dressing Maintenance for Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR)
Ventilator Settings
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Measles, Mumps, Pertussis, Chicken Pox, Diphtheria) for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Tuberculosis for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)
Trach Suctioning
Thoracentesis
The Medical Team
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)