Anti-Infective – Antitubercular
Included In This Lesson
Outline
Overview
I. Overview
A. Mycobacterium
B. Tuberculosis (TB) infections
1. Pulmonary
2. Extrapulmonary
II. Mechanism of Action
A. Inhibit protein synthesis
B. Inhibit cell wall synthesis
III. Types (RIPES)
A. Rifampin
B. Isoniazid
C. Pyrazinamide
D. Ethambutol
E. Streptomycin
IV. Indications
A. Mycobacterium
B. Tuberculosis (TB) infections
1. Pulmonary
2. Extrapulmonary
3. TB treatment failures / relapses
V. Contraindications
A. Liver disease
B. Kidney disease
VI. Side Effects
A. CNS
1. Ototoxicity
2. Seizures
3. Visual disturbances
4. Dizziness
5. Headache
Kidney / Liver
1. Nephrotoxicity
2. Hepatoxicity
B. * Rifampin / Isoniazid
1. Red-orange-brown colored bodily secretion
2. Urine
3. Sweat
4. Tears
5. Sputum
Transcript
Welcome back and today we are going to discuss antitubercular medications.
Antitubercular medications treat mycobacterium and TB infections which are pulmonary and extrapulmonary (kidney, spine or brain). With the most common location is pulmonary.
The mechanisms of actions are the inhibition of protein synthesis (which work in RNA/DNA replication – how bacteria communicate) and cell wall synthesis (which provide structural support). There are many drugs in this drug class but each drug performs one of these actions. So this drug class stop the bacteria from being able to replicate and function. Antitubercular medications treat mycobacterium and TB infections which are pulmonary and extrapulmonary (kidney, spine or brain). With the most common location is pulmonary.
Contraindications are based in the drug’s excretion route (kidney and liver). If you have liver or kidney failure, you will not properly dispose of the drug. I had a patient with liver disease, who was administered rifampin, that drug lingered their system for days, causing all kinds of havoc. The side effect profiles are CNS and liver/kidney based. In the CNS, think ears, brain and eyes. And the drugs cause kidney and liver toxicity, which explains the contraindications mentioned earlier.
Alright, rifampin and isoniazid both have a unique side effect of red-orange-brown colored bodily secretions. I had a patient with orange sputum once, it’s something you will not forget and something you must educate your patients as a possible side effect or they will be in in the hospital freaking out! As, rightfully so.
Priority nursing concepts for a patient taking antitubercular medications include: infection control and pharmacology.
Dorsha Study Plan
Concepts Covered:
- Cardiac Disorders
- Cardiovascular
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Shock
- Shock
- Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Endocrine
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Gastrointestinal
- Upper GI Disorders
- Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
- Lower GI Disorders
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Neurological
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Respiratory
- Hematologic Disorders
- Delegation
- Perioperative Nursing Roles
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Respiratory Emergencies
- Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
- Documentation and Communication
- Preoperative Nursing
- Legal and Ethical Issues
- Factors Influencing Community Health
- Immunological Disorders
- Oncology Disorders
- Female Reproductive Disorders
- Cognitive Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Intraoperative Nursing
- Vascular Disorders
- Renal Disorders
- Male Reproductive Disorders
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Infectious Respiratory Disorder
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Newborn Complications
- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
- Studying
- Integumentary Disorders
- Communication
- Microbiology
- Emergency Care of the Trauma Patient
- Urinary Disorders
- Integumentary Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Circulatory System
- EENT Disorders
- Postoperative Nursing
- Neurological Emergencies
- Disorders of Thermoregulation
- Neurological Trauma
- Basics of NCLEX
- Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
- Integumentary Important Points
- Multisystem
- Test Taking Strategies
- Tissues and Glands
- Urinary System
- Emergency Care of the Neurological Patient
- Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Spinal Cord
- Renal and Urinary Disorders
- Nervous System
- Respiratory Disorders
- Respiratory System
- Infectious Disease Disorders
- EENT Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Respiratory Patient
- Hematologic Disorders
- Cardiovascular Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Oncologic Disorders
- Pregnancy Risks
- Labor Complications
- Fetal Development
- Terminology
- Prenatal Concepts
- Newborn Care
- Labor and Delivery
- Postpartum Care
- Postpartum Complications
- Developmental Considerations
- Childhood Growth and Development
- Prenatal and Neonatal Growth and Development
- Trauma-Stress Disorders
- Developmental Theories
- Adulthood Growth and Development
- Concepts of Mental Health
- Medication Administration
- Adult
- Anxiety Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Dosage Calculations
- Understanding Society
- Concepts of Pharmacology
- Substance Abuse Disorders
- Bipolar Disorders
- Learning Pharmacology
- Psychotic Disorders