A 35-year-old woman arrives at the ED complaining of nausea, vomiting, malaise, and a decreased urine output. She recently completed a 2-week course of cephradine (Velosef) for a UTI. Urinalysis reveals a sodium level of 40 mEq/L with a urine specific gravity of 1.0. Urine sediment includes casts, with few red blood cells (RBCs) or white blood cells (WBCs). Other laboratory findings include a serum BUN level of 40 mg/dL and a serum creatinine level of 4 mg/dL. Which condition is suggestive of the patient’s assessment findings?

A 56-year-old man is admitted to the ED because of shortness of breath. He has a history of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Assessment findings reveal the following: blood pressure 220/110 mmHg, pulse rate 100 beats/minute-full and bounding, and respiration rate 34 breaths/minute, deep, fast, and labored. Auscultation reveals pericardial friction rub and crackles in both lung bases. EKG monitoring reveals normal sinus rhythm with tall, tented T waves. The nurse notes that the patient has distended jugular veins and edema of the hands, feet, periorbital areas, and sacrum. Indwelling urinary catheterization yields 20 mL of dark amber urine. Arterial blood gas studies show PH 7.25, PO2 60 mmHg, PCO2 36 mmHg, and HCO3 – 14 mEq/L. Laboratory results reveal a serum BUN level of 50 mg/dL and a serum creatinine level of 5.5 mg/dL. The physician diagnoses acute renal failure (ARF). The physician determines that hemodialysis is necessary for this patient. The nurse should explain to the patient that:

The nurse knows that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) develops when:

During peritoneal dialysis, the dialysate solution has difficulty draining from the abdomen. An appropriate nursing intervention to facilitate drainage would be to:

Which finding differentiates decreased renal perfusion from acute tubular necrosis (ATN):

A 35-year-old woman arrives at the ED complaining of nausea, vomiting, malaise, and a decreased urine output. She recently completed a 2-week course of cephradine (Velosef) for a UTI. Urinalysis reveals a sodium level of 40 mEq/L with a urine specific gravity of 1.0. Urine sediment includes casts, with few red blood cells (RBCs) or white blood cells (WBCs). Other laboratory findings include a serum BUN level of 40 mg/dL and a serum creatinine level of 4 mg/dL. Which condition is suggestive of the patient’s assessment findings?

If a patient with acute renal failure (ARF) exhibits a pericardial friction rub, the nurse should immediately:

A critically high potassium value was just received on a patient with end state renal failure. Of the following medications, which would be most useful to temporarily decrease the potassium level?

Which laboratory finding is an indirect measurement of a patient’s glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A 35-year-old woman arrives at the ED complaining of nausea, vomiting, malaise, and a decreased urine output. She recently completed a 2-week course of cephradine (Velosef) for a UTI. Urinalysis reveals a sodium level of 40 mEq/L with a urine specific gravity of 1.0. Urine sediment includes casts, with few red blood cells (RBCs) or white blood cells (WBCs). Other laboratory findings include a serum BUN level of 40 mg/dL and a serum creatinine level of 4 mg/dL. Which condition is suggestive of the patient’s assessment findings?