Anti-Infective – Sulfonamides
Included In This Lesson
Outline
Overview
- Overview
A. Bacteriostatic agents
B. Gram + / – organisms
C. Types
1. Sulfonamides
2. Sulfisoxazole
3. Sulfamethizole
4. Sulfasalazine
5. Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
6. Sulfadoxine / Pyrimethamine
7. Silver Sulfadiazine
8. Sulfanilamide
9. Sulfacetamide
II. II. Mechanism of Action
A. Preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid
III. III. Indications
A. Plasmodium and Toxoplasma spp
B. Inflammatory bowel disease
C. Nocardiosis
D. Urinary tract infections
E. Malaria
F. Burns
G. Vaginitis
H. Ocular infections
IV. IV. Contraindications
A. Drug allergy
B. Porphyria
C. Pregnant women
D. Infants
V. V. Interactions
A. Sulfonylureas
B. Phenytoin
C. Warfarin
D. Cyclosporine
VI. VI. Side Effects
A. Hematological
1. Agranulocytosis
2. Aplastic anemia
3. Hemolytic anemia
4. Thrombocytopenia
B. Gastrointestinal
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhea
4. Pancreatitis
C. Integumentary
1. Epidermal necrolysis
2. Exfoliative dermatitis
3. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
4. Photosensitivity
D. Other
1. Convulsions
2. Crystalluria
3. Toxic nephrosis
4. Headache
5. Peripheral neuritis
6. Urticaria
Transcript
Hey there, and today’s we are going to discuss sulfonamides, which are a certain type of antibiotic class.
Alright, quick overview. sulfonamides are bacteriostatic, meaning they stop bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them. The mechanism of action that causes these antibiotics to work is related to their ability to prevent the synthesis of folic acid – which is needed for cell growth. Sulfonamides are used to treat gram +/- organisms.
Sulfonamides all begin with SULF-, which is an easy way to remember this drug class.
Sulfonamides indications can be remembered as PINUMOBV, plasmodium / toxoplasma (parasites), IBD, nocardosis, UTI, malaria, ocular infections, burns and vaginitis.
Sulfonamides contraindications can be remembered by DIPP – drug allergy, infants (hyperbilirubinemia in neonates may cause kernicterus, porphyria – abnormalities in the chemical steps that lead to heme production), and pregnant women (as these drugs can cause birth defects).
Sulfonamides interactions include sulfonylurea, phenytoin, warfarin and cyclosporine. Interactions with warfarin cause increase in warfarin effects (SPWC).
Sulfonamides side effects are broken into four categories. The first one is hematologic and include – agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.
The second category is GI and include N/V/D and pancreatitis.
The third category is integumentary and includes epidermal necrolysis (which is widespread erythema, necrosis, and bullous detachment of the epidermis and mucous membranes, resulting in exfoliation and possible sepsis), exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (severe skin reaction) and photosensitivity.
The fourth and final category is other and includes – Convulsions, crystalluria, toxic nephrosis, headache, peripheral neuritis and urticaria.
Priority nursing concepts for sulfonamides include pharmacology and infection control.
Alright, let’s review, sulfonamides being with SULF-. Indications include plasmodium / toxoplasma (parasites), IBD, nocardosis, UTI, malaria, ocular infections, burns and vaginitis (PINUMOBV). Contraindications include drug allergy, infants, porphyria (POUR-FEAR-IA) and pregnant women (DIPP). Interactions include sulfonylurea, phenytoin, warfarin and cyclosporine (SPWC). Side effects are broken down into four categories – heme (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia) / GI (and include N/V/D and pancreatitis) / integumentary (epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and photosensitivity / other (convulsions, crystalluria, toxic nephrosis, headache, peripheral neuritis and urticaria).
You know now the important details regarding sulfonamides. Now, go out and be your best self today and as always, Happy Nursing!
Study Guide pre LPN-RN
Concepts Covered:
- Cardiac Disorders
- Cardiovascular
- Emergency Care of the Cardiac Patient
- Shock
- Shock
- Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Endocrine
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Gastrointestinal
- Upper GI Disorders
- Liver & Gallbladder Disorders
- Lower GI Disorders
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Brain
- Neurological
- Noninfectious Respiratory Disorder
- Respiratory
- Hematologic Disorders
- Delegation
- Perioperative Nursing Roles
- Acute & Chronic Renal Disorders
- Respiratory Emergencies
- Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
- Documentation and Communication
- Preoperative Nursing
- Legal and Ethical Issues
- Immunological Disorders
- Oncology Disorders
- Female Reproductive Disorders
- Cognitive Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Intraoperative Nursing
- Medication Administration
- Vascular Disorders
- Renal Disorders
- Male Reproductive Disorders
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Infectious Respiratory Disorder
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Newborn Complications
- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
- Studying
- Integumentary Disorders
- Communication
- Microbiology
- Emergency Care of the Trauma Patient
- Urinary Disorders
- Integumentary Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Circulatory System
- EENT Disorders
- Postoperative Nursing
- Neurological Emergencies
- Disorders of Thermoregulation
- Neurological Trauma
- Basics of NCLEX
- Fundamentals of Emergency Nursing
- Integumentary Important Points
- Multisystem
- Test Taking Strategies
- Tissues and Glands
- Urinary System
- Emergency Care of the Neurological Patient
- Neurologic and Cognitive Disorders
- Central Nervous System Disorders – Spinal Cord
- Renal and Urinary Disorders
- Nervous System
- Respiratory Disorders
- Respiratory System
- Infectious Disease Disorders
- EENT Disorders
- Emergency Care of the Respiratory Patient
- Health & Stress
- Skeletal System
- Endocrine System
- Hematologic System
- Digestive System
- Reproductive System
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- Muscular System
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- Basics of Human Biology
- Adult
- Anxiety Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Dosage Calculations
- Understanding Society
- Concepts of Pharmacology
- Newborn Care
- Adulthood Growth and Development
- Pregnancy Risks
- Postpartum Complications
- Substance Abuse Disorders
- Bipolar Disorders
- Learning Pharmacology
- Psychotic Disorders
- Prenatal Concepts
- Prefixes
- Suffixes
- Fetal Development
- Terminology
- Proteins
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- Med Term Basic
- Med Term Whole
- Labor Complications
- Labor and Delivery
- Postpartum Care
- Hematologic Disorders
- Cardiovascular Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Oncologic Disorders
- Eating Disorders
- Personality Disorders
- Trauma-Stress Disorders
- Developmental Considerations
- Concepts of Mental Health
- Psychological Emergencies
- Somatoform Disorders
- Prioritization
- Factors Influencing Community Health
- Community Health Overview