02.14 Shock Stages for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Shock Stages Compensatory stage Body attempts to restore homeostatis Cardiac output decreased Sympathetic Nervous System -> releases adrenaline -> causes vessels to constrict systemically Result Improved cardiac output Improved blood pressure Progressive stage Vessels dilate systemically -> low blood pressure & decreased cardiac output
02.15 Hypovolemic Shock for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Hypovolemic Shock Compensatory symptoms Anxiety and irritability Increased heart rate (HR) Decreased pallor Less output Progressive symptoms Lethargic Low BP Low PCWP Treatment IV fluids (increase circulatory volume) Crystalloids NS (Normale Saline) Lactated Ringers Colloids
02.16 Cardiogenic Shock for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Cardiogenic Shock Cause MI CHF Arrhythmia Cardiac tamponade Papillary muscle rupture Assessment Confusion Increased respirations Increased HR Venous distention Low BP Decreased urine output Low PCWP Treatment -> Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) Deflate during systole Inflate during diastole Purpose Decrease afterload and heart’s demand for oxygen Increase perfusion of heart and cardiac […]
02.17 Septic Shock for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Septic Shock Caused by bacteria (usually gram -) At-risk Elders Severe burn Alcohol and drug abusers Surgery Immunosuppressed Long hospitalizations Patho Bacteria releases endotoxin -> many harmful substances released causes vasodilation (pool blood in capillary bed) First stage Confusion (due to endotoxin) Increased cardiac output (due to endotoxin) Increased RR (due to […]
02.02 Cardiomyopathy for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Cardiomyopathy Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treatment = Digoxin Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy AKA hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy AKA idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis Large ventricular septum Blocks filling of ventricle with blood = less cardiac output Treatment Beta-blocker Calcium channel blocker Decrease contractility to allow more fill Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Lower chambers of the ventricles are tight and do […]
02.06 Heart Murmurs for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Heart Murmurs Causes Valves stiff and open (blood flows through) Valves not completely closed -> insufficiency (backflow of blood) Locations are heart where the heart is directing the blood Aortic -> right Pulmonic -> left Mitral -> midclavicular left Tricuspid -> bottom sternum Systolic murmurs -> during contraction Sound = s1 -> […]
Spinal Cord Injury Case Study (60 min)
Mr. White is a 17 year old male who was injured in a snowboarding accident 3 weeks ago. He sustained a vertebral fracture and complete spinal cord injury at T7. His fracture has been stabilized with rods and screws. The plan is for him to be discharged home in 3 days with home health and […]
Septic Shock (Sepsis) Case Study (45 min)
This septic shock case study is designed to help the nursing student better understand nursing care for a patient with sepsis. Mr. McMillan, a 92-year old male, presents to the Emergency Department (ED) with urinary hesitancy and burning and a fever at home of 101.6°F. His caregiver states “he just doesn’t seem like himself”. Upon […]
Endocarditis Case Study (45 min)
Ms. Collins, a 25-year old female, presents to the Emergency Department (ED) complaining of chest pain and tooth pain. You notice her eyes are bloodshot and she has what appear to be recent track marks from IV drug use on her arms. She is breathing rapidly and seems very uncomfortable. She has very poor dentition […]
Myocardial Infarction (MI) Case Study (45 min)
Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is a critical medical event that occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscle is severely reduced or completely blocked. It is a leading cause of death worldwide and a significant public health concern. Introduction to Myocardial Infarction (MI) This nursing […]