A 36-year-old man is brought to the ED anxious, trembling, and crying. He states he began feeling depressed and disinterested in life 1 year ago, after learning that his partner wanted a separation because of his relationship with another man. The patient claims that he was not angry with his partner and blames himself for his infidelity. During the relationship, he developed few personal interests, having little time between his career and domestic responsibilities. After separation arrangements began, he became aware of intense feelings of sadness, fatigue, grief, hopelessness, and worthlessness and had recurrent thoughts of death. Family history reveals that the patient’s mother had suffered from chronic illness and depression. A diagnosis of distorted grief reaction, major depression, is made. The nurse understands that a maladaptive or pathologic response to loss is likely to occur when a person: