Heart Failure for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

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Included In This Lesson

Study Tools For Heart Failure for Certified Emergency Nursing (CEN)

Heart Failure Pathochart (Cheatsheet)
R v L Heart Failure (Cheatsheet)
Heart Failure Symptoms (Image)
Pulmonary Edema in Heart Failure (Image)
Heart Failure CHF Cardiac Xray (Image)
Heart Failure-Origin (Mnemonic)
Heart Failure – Right Sided (Mnemonic)
Heart Failure-Left-Sided (Mnemonic)
Left Heart Failure Assessment (Picmonic)
Right Heart Failure Assessment (Picmonic)

Outline

Heart Failure

Definition/Etiology:

Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is typically below 40%

  • Systolic heart failure: inability to pump effectively
  • Diastolic heart failure: inability to adequately fill

Can be a complication of any type of cardiac disease

Most commonly caused by CAD, chronic HTN, and diabetes

 

Pathophysiology:

Inadequate cardiac output and oxygen delivery to tissues

 

LV failure -> pulmonary HTN -> RV failure -> venous congestion

 

Rt sided HF most often caused by Lt sided

Clinical Presentation:

Right-sided Failure Left-sided Failure
Peripheral edema Shortness of breath
JVD Dyspnea
Ascites Crackles
Hepatomegaly S3 heart sound
Increased CVP Pulmonary edema

 

Collaborative Management:

Assessment:

  • Chest X-ray (fluid), 12-lead EKG, labs, BNP (>100), echo

Interventions:

  • Support ABCs
  • continuous cardiac monitoring
  • O2 (SpO2 >90%), may need BiPAP
  • Initiate IV access
  • Caution with fluids! Watch out for Sepsis Pts

Medication Management:

  • Administer loop diuretics (get fluid off!)
  • vasodilators (morphine, nitroprusside, nesiritide, ACE inhibitors) as needed (less stress on heart to push against BP)
  • cardiogenic shock = positive inotropes

 

Evaluation | Patient Monitoring | Education:

  • Level of consciousness
  • Hemodynamic status
  • Breath sounds and pulse ox
  • Cardiac rate and rhythm
  • Respiratory effort
  • Intake and output

 

Linchpins: (Key Points)

  • The pump is not pumping effectively
  • Think fluid back up
  • RV failure = back up right atrium to vena cava
  • LV failure = back up left atrium to lungs

 

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Transcript

For more great CEN prep, got to the link below to purchase the “Emergency Nursing Examination Review” book by Dr. Laura Gasparis Vonfrolio RN, PHD
https://greatnurses.com/

References:

  • Emergency Nurses Association. (2017) Emergency Nursing Core Curriculum, 7th Edition. PA: Saunders
  • Nelson, N. (2017). Cardiovascular Emergencies. In CEN Online Review. Emergency Nurses Association.

View the FULL Transcript

When you start a FREE trial you gain access to the full outline as well as:

  • SIMCLEX (NCLEX Simulator)
  • 6,500+ Practice NCLEX Questions
  • 2,000+ HD Videos
  • 300+ Nursing Cheatsheets