10.03 Acute Respiratory Failure for CCRN Review

Overview

1. Type I
   1. Hypocapnic
      1. Decreased oxygen
      2. Normal or low CO2
   2.  Imbalance between perfusion and ventilation
   3. Causes → initially low to normal CO2
      1. Pulmonary Edema
      2. Pulmonary Embolism
      3. Asthma
      4. Aspiration pneumonia
      5. ARDS
2. Type II
   1. Hypercapnic
      1. Decreased oxygen
      2. HIGH CO2 Level
   2. Imbalance of respiratory performance
   3. Causes:
      1. Drug overdose
      2. Guillean bureau
      3. COPD
      4. Spinal cord injury
      5. CVA
3. V/Q Mismatch
   1. Ventilation perfusion Imbalance
   2. Causes
      1. COPD
      2. Asthma
      3. Atelectasis
      4. Emphysema
      5. Hypoventilation
      6. Pulmonary edema
      7. Pulmonary embolism
      8. ABG improves with oxygen
4. Shunt
   1. Blood has gone from right ventricle to pulmonary system and to the left ventricle, but NEVER meets the capillary beds for an oxygen exchange
   2. Causes
      1. ARDS
      2. Need PEEP to improve oxygenation