07.09 Meningitis for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Meningitis Bacterial Meningitis Cause –> Staph Aureus Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) assessment will show: Elevated protein Low glucose Purulent Leukocytes present Viral Meningitis Cause Enterovirus Herpes virus Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) assessment will show: Elevated protein Normal glucose Clear Symptoms Headache Nuchal rigidity Kernig’s sign= Pain in leg on leg extension Budinski’s […]
07.10 Neurologic Review questions for CCRN Review
08.01 Psychological Review for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Communication in Psychosocial Emergencies Listen Accept Other self Maintain a non-threatening tone and Non-threatening posture Open ended questions Restate/paraphrase what the patient has stated Encourage perceptions — The patient gives their understanding of the situation Minimizes negativity towards the patients perceptions Decreases risk for further agitation Seek clarification of the patient Aggressive, […]
09.01 Acute Renal Failure Overview for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Acute renal failure Urinary output is less than 400cc in 24hrs Pre-renal Stage Decreases in urinary output This is caused by a decreased blood supply in kidney Congestive heart failure (CHF) Low blood pressure (BP) Kidneys are still healthy but can progress to renal failure Renal Stage Kidney damage has occurred Parenchymal […]
09.02 Acute Tubular Necrosis for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Acute tubular nephrosis Emergency 50% will die 25% need hemodialysis 25% recover Ischemia Hemorrhage Burns Sepsis Heart failure Transfusion reactions Nephrotoxicity Ingesting heavy metals Medications Street drugs Rhabdomyolysis Radiocontrast Stages Oliguric Lasts 10-17 days Decreased urine output Increase in labs: BUN Creatinine Potassium Fluid overload Polyuric Diuretic stage Not an […]
02.07 Reading “A, C, V Waves” & PAWP Waveforms for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Swan Ganz Catheter Pulmonary artery wedge pressure-> Air in balloon Visualize the QRS in regular strip (non-wedged) A wave after QRS V wave after T wave Giant V Waves Swan detects mitral insufficiency Left ventricle pushes blood back through mitral valve in to left atrium Is detectable on PAWP Measure A wave […]
02.08 Cardiac Catheterization & Acute Coronary Syndrome for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General Cardiac Catheterization Diagnose coronary artery disease View cardiac function Intervene and treat CAD Right side Assess pressure in right ventricle, atrium, and pulmonary artery Determine oxygen level View left to right shunt Evaluate cardiac output View tricuspid and pulmonic valves Electrophysiology Left Side View coronary arteries Find any lesions Intervene as needed […]
02.09 12 Lead EKG- Leads 1, 2, 3, aVL, and aVF for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General 12 Lead EKG: Leads 1, 2, 3, aVL, & aVF “+” or “-” regarding electrical charge of heart Positive lead = left arm, left leg Negative lead = arm Lead monitoring Lead 1, aVL -> view inferior wall of heart To read a hemi-block Electrical current goes through L bundle first […]
02.10 12 Lead EKG- Lead V1-V6 for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General 12 Lead EKG: V1-V6 Anterior-septal-lateral wall leads Placement (From the right to left side of heart) -> V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 Electrical current through heart First travels through left bundle (V5, V6) Small Q wave normal (electrical current traveling away from +) Across anterior wall towards V4, V3, V2, V1 […]
02.11 12 Lead EKG- Injuries for CCRN Review
Nursing Points General 12 Lead EKG: Injuries Inferior wall injury ST-elevation means injury has occurred (most times) ST depression means there is ischemia Anterior-septal wall injury V1, V2, V3 No R wave present, likely previously infarcted (no ST elevation) or currently infarcting (ST elevation) When looking at EKG… First check inferior leads 2, 3, and […]