A critically high potassium value was just received on a patient with end state renal failure. Of the following medications, which would be most useful to temporarily decrease the potassium level?

A 35-year-old woman arrives at the ED complaining of nausea, vomiting, malaise, and a decreased urine output. She recently completed a 2-week course of cephradine (Velosef) for a UTI. Urinalysis reveals a sodium level of 40 mEq/L with a urine specific gravity of 1.0. Urine sediment includes casts, with few red blood cells (RBCs) or white blood cells (WBCs). Other laboratory findings include a serum BUN level of 40 mg/dL and a serum creatinine level of 4 mg/dL. Which condition is suggestive of the patient’s assessment findings?

An unconscious 32-year-old male has arrived at the ED. Available medical records indicate that 2 years ago he had been receiving 24 units of NPH insulin daily. Which statement best describes how ESRD has most likely affected the patient’s diabetes over the course of 2 years?

During peritoneal dialysis, the dialysate solution has difficulty draining from the abdomen. An appropriate nursing intervention to facilitate drainage would be to:

The nurse knows that prerenal azotemia results from all of the following except:

Which early major complication of a crush injury should the nurse assess for in this patient?

A 56-year-old man is admitted to the ED because of shortness of breath. He has a history of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Assessment findings reveal the following: blood pressure 220/110 mmHg, pulse rate 100 beats/minute-full and bounding, and respiration rate 34 breaths/minute, deep, fast, and labored. Auscultation reveals pericardial friction rub and crackles in both lung bases. EKG monitoring reveals normal sinus rhythm with tall, tented T waves. The nurse notes that the patient has distended jugular veins and edema of the hands, feet, periorbital areas, and sacrum. Indwelling urinary catheterization yields 20 mL of dark amber urine. Arterial blood gas studies show PH 7.25, PO2 60 mmHg, PCO2 36 mmHg, and HCO3 – 14 mEq/L. Laboratory results reveal a serum BUN level of 50 mg/dL and a serum creatinine level of 5.5 mg/dL. The physician diagnoses acute renal failure (ARF). The physician determines that hemodialysis is necessary for this patient. The nurse should explain to the patient that:

Which of the following laboratory tests would best indicate the patient may have renal insufficiency?

The nurse knows that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) develops when:

The tall, tented T waves noted on a patient’s EKG are indicative of:

A client who has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease is talking to the nurse about his overall health. Which best describes the difference between health promotion and disease management in this situation?

A diabetic client has recently been diagnosed with stage one chronic kidney disease. Which of the following topics must the nurse include when teaching this client?

The nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following medications would the nurse question?

A client with severe, uncontrolled hypertension is being evaluated for chronic kidney disease. The provider checks the glomerular filtration rate and determines that it is 22 mL/min. Which stage of chronic kidney disease does this GFR place the client?

A provider has ordered a serum creatinine test for a client who is being assessed for chronic kidney disease. The client asks the nurse about the test. Which of the following responses correctly explains serum creatinine?

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with chronic kidney failure. Which of the following aspects of this client’s history could have contributed to this?

An 18-year-old has chronic kidney insufficiency and must take an injection of growth hormone. He takes his own injections and his parents bring him to the healthcare clinic every four weeks for follow-up evaluation. What laboratory levels would need to be monitored in a client taking growth hormones?

The nurse is admitting a client with a history of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following lab values is inconsistent with chronic kidney disease?