associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a condition that affects every body system. Key symptoms and assessments include:
- Azotemia, characterized by increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, leading to uremia.
- Cardiac issues like volume overload, hypertension (HTN), and congestive heart failure (CHF) due to Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) effects.
- Respiratory complications such as pulmonary edema due to volume overload.
- Hematologic changes including anemia and thrombocytopenia, resulting from decreased erythropoietin production.
- Gastrointestinal symptoms like anorexia due to azotemia and nausea/vomiting from metabolic acidosis.
- Neurological issues such as lethargy, confusion, and even coma, related to cerebral edema and uremic encephalopathy.
- Urinary changes including decreased urine output and proteinuria (protein leakage).
- Skeletal problems like osteoporosis due to decreased calcium levels.
