The nurse is caring for a client with a COPD exacerbation who is on 2L 02 via nasal cannula. The most recent arterial blood gas (ABG) result is: PaO2 of 85% and PaCO2 of 52. What is the appropriate nursing action?

The nurse is reviewing ABG results on a client, and notes that the pH and the HCO3 are out of range, while the pCO2 is normal. This client is most likely experiencing a problem with which body system?

A client with a lung infection must undergo an ABG. The client asks the nurse why this lab test is necessary. Which of the following should the nurse include that would explain the reasons for this test? Select all that apply.

The nurse is reviewing ABG results on a client, and notes that the pH and the PaCO2 is out of range, but the HCO3 is normal. The nurse correctly understands this to be a problem directly correlated with which body system?

A client’s arterial blood gas (ABG) results indicate metabolic acidosis. Which process is occurring in the kidneys that causes metabolic acidosis?

A client’s ABG values reflect respiratory alkalosis. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

A nurse is caring for a client with a blood pH of 7.3. Which of the following does this pH level represent?

The preceptor is reviewing a client’s ABG results with a student. The nurse correctly describes pH as measuring which of the following?

The nurse is reviewing ABG results on a client, and understands the term ‘partial pressure’ to mean which of the following?

The nurse is caring for a client who is suspected to be septic. The provider orders a lactic acid blood level. The nurse knows that increased lactic acid indicates which of the following conditions for the client?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.33, PaCO2 30, HCO3 17. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.31, PaCO2 55, HCO3 30. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.29, PaCO2 48, HCO3 25. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.44, PaCO2 50, HCO3 30. Which of the following is occurring?

Which of the following are considered a metabolic source for acid-base imbalances? Select all that apply.

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.3, PaCO2 40, HCO3 18. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.37, PaCO2 31, HCO3 16. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.49, PaCO2 43, HCO3 28. Which of the following is occurring?

The preceptor asks the student nurse what type of information is gathered from an ABG panel. Which response from the student is correct?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.53, PaCO2 27, HCO3 23. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s blood-gas analysis and notes a pH of 7.43. Which of the following is an accurate conclusion?

A client’s kidneys are retaining excessive HCO3. Which of the following scenarios is most likely occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.5, PaCO2 35, HCO3 35. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.28, PaCO2 51, HCO3 24. Which of the following is occurring?

The student nurse is evaluating a client’s blood-gas analysis, and asks the preceptor about the significance of PaCO2. Which of the following responses by the preceptor is most accurate?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.53, PaCO2 27, HCO3 24. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.43, PaCO2 53, HCO3 34. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.28, PaCO2 38, HCO3 15. Which of the following is occurring?

A student nurse is learning about acid-base imbalances. The nurse knows that which of the following represents base in a blood-gas analysis?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.33, PaCO2 53, HCO3 29. Which of the following is occurring?

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a test of arterial blood gases after being admitted as an inpatient to the hospital. The client has the following ABG results: pH 7.26, PaO2 46mmHg, pCO2 50mmHg, HCO3 24mmHg. Which response from the nurse is most appropriate?

The nurse is evaluating the following ABG results: pH 7.3, PaCO2 38, HCO3 20. Which of the following is most likely occurring?

The nurse is caring for a client in renal failure. The nurse analyzes the client’s arterial blood gas values and concludes that the client is in metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following is a potential reason for this? Select all that apply.

The nurse is caring for a client in DKA. The nurse notes that the client’s ABG results reflect a low pH, a low HCO3, and a low pCO2. What is occurring with this client?

The nurse is caring for a client with a bowel obstruction with a nasogastric tube that has been set to low wall intermittent suction for 3 days. The nurse should anticipate the development of which acid-base imbalance?

A client is in respiratory alkalosis. The nurse knows that which of the following is a potential cause? Select all that apply.

The nurse notes a client’s ABGs are the following: pH 7.48, pCO2 28, HCO3 25. Which of the following could be the source of this client’s imbalance?

A nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a chest injury. The provider orders arterial blood gases for the client. The results are pH 7.26, pCO2 52 mmHg, HCO3 25 mmHg, and oxygen saturation 92 percent. Which of the following best describes this client’s condition?

The nurse is working in the intensive care unit and is assigned to care for an unconscious client on a ventilator. The nurse checks the client’s lab values and notes a pH of 7.48, a PaCO2 of 33 mmHg, and an HCO3 of 22. Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate?

A nurse is caring for a client who requires a mechanical ventilator for breathing assistance. The nurse checks the client’s routine ABG values and notes: pH 7.51, pCO2 32 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L. These laboratory values best represent which of the following?

A client presents to the emergency department in anaphylactic shock. The nurse calls for assistance, grabs the crash cart, obtains vital signs, and starts an IV. Vital signs are as follows: Blood pressure 75/48, pulse 115, oxygen 73%, respiratory rate 30. Labs are drawn. The nurse suspects respiratory acidosis. Which of the following actions by the nurse are appropriate to help correct this client’s condition? Select all that apply.

An unconscious client with an opioid overdose is triaged in the emergency department. ABG values reflect respiratory acidosis. Which of the following interventions address the cause of this client’s respiratory acidosis?

The student nurse is discussing acid-base imbalances with the preceptor. The student correctly explains that respiratory acidosis results when which of the following occurs?

A client is admitted to the ICU with confirmed opioid overdose. The ABG results reflect a pH of 7.27, PaCO2 of 55, and an HCO3 of 26. Based on the client’s condition and blood-gas analysis, the nurse must work to correct which of the following?

The nurse is caring for a client with a collapsed lung following a motor vehicle accident and reviews the client’s newly resulted arterial blood gas values. Which of the following results most closely match this client’s condition?

The student nurse is shadowing an experienced nurse, who asks the student to name some causes of CO2 retention. The student nurse responds correctly by naming which of the following causes? Select all that apply.

The nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on opioids. Which of the following is the most important goal for this client?

The nurse is working in the emergency department caring for a client who presents with slow, shallow respirations related to a suspected narcotic overdose. The provider orders blood work, including ABGs. Which of the following acid-base imbalances would the nurse expect for this client?

A nurse is working with a client who is in labor. The client is being monitored with an oxygen saturation probe and hemodynamic monitor because of her history of respiratory disease. During one of her contractions, the nurse notes that the client’s oxygen saturation levels drop to 86 percent and remains there after the contraction has subsided. Which intervention should the nurse perform in response?

The nurse is caring for a client with respiratory acidosis due to a benzodiazepine overdose. Which of the following nursing interventions are appropriate for this client? Select all that apply.

A client is in respiratory alkalosis. The nurse knows that which of the following is a potential cause? Select all that apply.

Which of the following is considered a late sign of hypoxemia?

A client has been brought to the emergency department after developing pneumonia. The client’s arterial blood gas results show respiratory alkalosis. Which of the following signs or symptoms would the nurse expect to see with this condition? Select all that apply.

A client’s ABG values reflect respiratory alkalosis. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

A client with hypochondria is hyperventilating and crying upon finding a mole on the skin that was not previously present. The client states, “It’s cancer isn’t it!” The provider orders medication to help calm the client. Which of the following medications would be most helpful to lower the client’s anxiety?

A client asks the nurse what the provider meant by the statement, “you have anion gap acidosis”. Which of the following responses is correct?

A client’s arterial blood gas results are as follows: pH 7.25, HCO3 14, PaCO2 29. Which of the following signs is consistent with this? Select all that apply.

A client who is in kidney failure is hospitalized for management of symptoms. The provider has ordered an arterial blood gas, which demonstrates that the client is in a state of metabolic acidosis. What symptoms would the nurse most likely see in this case?

A 45-year-old diabetic client has been brought in for care of diabetic ketoacidosis. The client’s blood glucose level is 367 mg/dL and blood pH is 7.28. Which of the following respiratory rates would the nurse most likely expect to see in this situation?

The nurse caring for a client in metabolic acidosis notes that the client’s potassium is outside of the normal range. Which of the following scenarios is likely, and why?

The nurse is caring for a client in metabolic acidosis and knows that which of the following lab values are consistent with this condition? Select all that apply.

The nurse is caring for a client in shock. Which of the following would be included in the nursing care plan? Select all that apply.

A nurse is working on a team responding to cardiac arrest in the hospital. Because the client’s heart stopped, his body has gone into a state of acidosis. Which of the following medications would most likely correct metabolic acidosis that occurs during cardiac arrest?

The nurse is receiving new orders on a client with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following orders would the nurse question?

The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes and notes that the client has fruity smelling breath. Upon checking the client’s blood glucose, the nurse discovers a glucose level of >500. Which of the following body systems does the nurse expect to compensate for this condition to help bring the client back into balance?

The nurse is caring for a client in renal failure. The nurse analyzes the client’s arterial blood gas values and concludes that the client is in metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following is a potential reason for this? Select all that apply.

A nurse is obtaining arterial blood gases for the client that has been admitted for vomiting for the last 24 hours. The nurse should expect which of the following acid-base imbalances to result?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.44, PaCO2 50, HCO3 30. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.43, PaCO2 53, HCO3 34. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is reviewing ABG results on a client, and notes that the pH and the HCO3 are out of range, while the pCO2 is normal. This client is most likely experiencing a problem with which body system?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.33, PaCO2 53, HCO3 29. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.53, PaCO2 27, HCO3 24. Which of the following is occurring?

A client is admitted to the ICU with confirmed opioid overdose. The ABG results reflect a pH of 7.27, PaCO2 of 55, and an HCO3 of 26. Based on the client’s condition and blood-gas analysis, the nurse must work to correct which of the following?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.44, PaCO2 50, HCO3 30. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is interpreting the following ABG results: pH 7.37, PaCO2 31, HCO3 16. Which of the following is occurring?

An unconscious client with an opioid overdose is triaged in the emergency department. ABG values reflect respiratory acidosis. Which of the following interventions address the cause of this client’s respiratory acidosis?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.43, PaCO2 53, HCO3 34. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.28, PaCO2 51, HCO3 24. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.5, PaCO2 35, HCO3 35. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse is evaluating a client’s newly resulted ABG values and notes the following: pH 7.28, PaCO2 38, HCO3 15. Which of the following is occurring?

The nurse notes a base excess of 5 in a client’s newly resulted ABG values. Which is the appropriate next step?

A nurse is reviewing arterial blood gas labs and notes a result termed “base excess”. The nurse recognizes that this measures which of the following?

The nurse notes a base excess of 6 on a client’s ABG values. Which of the following scenarios does the nurse initially suspect is occurring with the client?

A client’s ABG values are being evaluated by the nurse. The base excess is -3. Which of the following lab values would the nurse check next that will be most useful to determine the likely cause?

A client’s ABG results are returned and the nurse notes a base excess of 1. The nurse accurately concludes which of the following?