Community Health Nursing Theories

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Health Promotion Model
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Nightingale’s Environmental Theory links the environment to health, emphasizing the need for sanitary conditions, proper ventilation, and light to prevent illness​​. The Health Belief Model explains health behaviors through concepts like perceived susceptibility and severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy, guiding health promotion and disease prevention​​.

Pender’s Health Promotion Model focuses on increasing well-being by considering the interaction with the environment and the likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behaviors based on individual experiences, prior behaviors, and outcomes​​. Lastly, Orem’s Self-Care Theory assumes that people are responsible for their own care and that self-care is a learned behavior. It emphasizes the importance of knowledge of potential health problems to promote self-care, seeing the person as multi-dimensional in terms of self-care, self-care deficit, and the nursing system​​.