Community Health Nursing Theories
Nightingale’s Environmental Theory links the environment to health, emphasizing the need for sanitary conditions, proper ventilation, and light to prevent illness. The Health Belief Model explains health behaviors through concepts like perceived susceptibility and severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy, guiding health promotion and disease prevention.
Pender’s Health Promotion Model focuses on increasing well-being by considering the interaction with the environment and the likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behaviors based on individual experiences, prior behaviors, and outcomes. Lastly, Orem’s Self-Care Theory assumes that people are responsible for their own care and that self-care is a learned behavior. It emphasizes the importance of knowledge of potential health problems to promote self-care, seeing the person as multi-dimensional in terms of self-care, self-care deficit, and the nursing system.